pa'i: hello world (#121)

* deps.nix: bump

* blog: add post on pa'i

* blog/pahi: oops

* blog/pahi: rafsi

* blog/pahi: phrasing

* blog/pahi: explain speed

.gitignore

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ cw.tar
 .DS_Store
 /result-*
 /result
+.#*

blog/pahi-hello-world-2020-02-22.markdown

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+title: "pa'i: hello world!"
+date: 2020-02-22
+series: olin
+tags:
+  - rust
+  - wasm
+  - dhall
+---
+
+# pa'i: hello world!
+
+It's been a while since I gave an update on the Olin ecosystem (which now
+exists, apparently). Not much has really gone on with it for the last few
+months. However, recently I've decided to tackle one of the core problems of
+Olin's implementation in Go: execution speed.
+
+Originally I was going to try and handle this with
+["hyperjit"](https://innative.dev), but support for linking C++ programs into Go
+is always questionable at best. All of the WebAssembly compiling and
+running tooling has been written in Rust, and as far as I know I was the only
+holdout still using Go. This left me kinda stranded and on my own, seeing as the
+libraries that I was using were starting to die.
+
+I have been following the [wasmer][wasmer] project for a while and thanks to
+their recent [custom ABI sample][wasmercustomabisample], I was able to start
+re-implementing the Olin API in it. Wasmer uses a JIT for handling WebAssembly,
+so I'm able to completely destroy the original Go implementation in terms of
+performance. I call this newer, faster runtime pa'i (/pa.hi/, paw-hee), which
+is a [Lojban][lojban] [rafsi][rafsi] for the word prami which means love.
+
+[wasmer]: https://wasmer.io
+[wasmercustomabisample]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer-rust-customabi-example
+[lojban]: https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojban
+[rafsi]: http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_xhtml-section-chunks/section-rafsi.html
+
+[pa'i][pahi] is written in [Rust][rust]. It is built with [Nix][nix]. It
+requires a nightly version of Rust because the WebAssembly code it compiles
+requires it. However, because it is built with Nix, this quickly becomes a
+non-issue. You can build pa'i by doing the following:
+
+[pahi]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi
+[rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org
+[nix]: https://nixos.org/nix/
+
+```console
+$ git clone git@github.com:Xe/pahi
+$ cd pahi
+$ nix-build
+```
+
+and then `nix-build` will take care of:
+
+- downloading the pinned nightly version of the rust compiler
+- building the reference Olin interpreter
+- building the pa'i runtime
+- building a small suite of sample programs
+- building the documentation from [dhall][dhall] files
+- building a small test runner
+
+[dhall]: https://dhall-lang.org
+
+If you want to try this out in a more predictable environment, you can also
+`nix-build docker.nix`. This will create a Docker image as the result of the Nix
+build. This docker image includes [the pa'i composite package][pahidefaultnix],
+bash, coreutils and `dhall-to-json` (which is required by the test runner).
+
+[pahidefaultnix]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/blob/master/default.nix
+
+I'm actually really proud of how the documentation generation works. The
+[cwa-spec folder in Olin][cwaspecolin] was done very ad-hoc and was only
+consistent because there was a template. This time functions, types, errors,
+namespaces and the underlying WebAssembly types they boil down to are all
+implemented as Dhall records. For example, here's the definition of a
+[namespace][cwans] [in Dhall][nsdhall]:
+
+[cwaspecolin]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/tree/master/docs/cwa-spec
+[cwans]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/tree/master/olin-spec#namespaces
+[nsdhall]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/blob/5ea1184c09df4e657524f9d5e77941cda5560d9a/olin-spec/types/ns.dhall
+
+```
+let func = ./func.dhall
+
+in  { Type = { name : Text, desc : Text, funcs : List func.Type }
+    , default =
+        { name = "unknown"
+        , desc = "please fill in the desc field"
+        , funcs = [] : List func.Type
+        }
+    }
+```
+
+which gets rendered to [Markdown][markdown] using
+[`renderNSToMD.dhall`][shownsasmd]:
+
+[markdown]: https://github.github.com/gfm/
+[shownsasmd]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/blob/5ea1184c09df4e657524f9d5e77941cda5560d9a/olin-spec/types/renderNSToMD.dhall
+
+```
+let ns = ./ns.dhall
+
+let func = ./func.dhall
+
+let type = ./type.dhall
+
+let showFunc = ./renderFuncToMD.dhall
+
+let Prelude = ../Prelude.dhall
+
+let toList = Prelude.Text.concatMapSep "\n" func.Type showFunc
+
+let show
+    : ns.Type → Text
+    =   λ(namespace : ns.Type)
+      → ''
+        # ${namespace.name}
+
+        ${namespace.desc}
+
+        ${toList namespace.funcs}
+        ''
+
+in  show
+```
+
+This would render [the logging namespace][logns] as [this markdown][lognsmd].
+
+[logns]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/blob/5ea1184c09df4e657524f9d5e77941cda5560d9a/olin-spec/ns/log.dhall
+[lognsmd]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/blob/5ea1184c09df4e657524f9d5e77941cda5560d9a/olin-spec/ns/log.md
+
+It seems like overkill to document things like this (and at some level it is),
+but I plan to take advantage of this later when I need to do things like
+generate C/Rust/Go/TinyGo bindings for the entire specification at once. I also
+have always wanted to document something so precisely like this, and now I get
+the chance.
+
+pa'i is just over a week old at this point, and as such it is NOT
+[feature-complete with the reference Olin interpreter][compattodo]. I'm working
+on it though. I'm kinda burnt out from work, and even though working on this
+project helps me relax (don't ask me how, I don't understand either) I have
+limits and will take this slowly and carefully to ensure that it stays
+compatible with all of the code I have already written in Olin's repo. Thanks to
+[go-flag][goflags], I might actually be able to get it mostly flag-compatible.
+We'll see though.
+
+[compattodo]: https://github.com/Xe/pahi/issues/1
+[goflags]: https://crates.io/crates/go-flag
+
+I have also designed a placeholder logo for pa'i. Here it is:
+
+<center>![the logo for pa'i](/static/blog/pahi-logo.png)</center>
+
+It might be changed in the future, but this is what I am going with for now. The
+circuit traces all spell out messages of love (inspired from the Senzar runes of
+the [WingMakers][wingmakers]). The text on top of the microprocessor reads pa'i
+in [zbalermorna][zbalermorna], a constructed writing script for Lojban. The text
+on the side probably needs to be revised, but it says something along the lines
+of "a future after programs".
+
+[wingmakers]: https://www.wingmakers.us/wingmakersorig/wingmakers/ancient_arrow_project.shtml
+[zbalermorna]: https://mw.lojban.org/images/b/b3/ZLM4_Writeup_v2.pdf
+
+pa'i is chugging along. When I have closed the [compatibility todo
+list][compattodo] for all of the Olin API calls, I'll write more. For now, pa'i
+is a very complicated tool that lets you print "Hello, world" in new and
+exciting ways (this will change once I get resource calls into it), but it's
+getting there.
+
+I hope this was interesting. Be well.

deps.nix

@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@
     fetch = {
       type = "git";
       url = "https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang";
-      rev = "v1.4.0";
-      sha256 = "102x5qvnja9y3qx9vyr85rp3y63imk0rk73r91xzyhpp6mrcqfbh";
+      rev = "v1.4.1";
+      sha256 = "1kx461i7kw6y8s98774d0aasagzjh60ijsg3ikzxrfcc6adjmhz2";
     };
   }
   {