
send.c re-work

PREFIXES
========

  Server prefixes are the ":%s" strings at the beginning of messages.
They are used by servers to route the message properly and by servers to
local clients to update their idea of who is whom.

":nick!user@host" is a prefix ":name" where name is either a nick
or name of a server is another valid prefix.

Typical prefix for a local client to a channel:

":Dianora!db@irc.db.net"

for a prefix to a remote server:
":Dianora"

e.g. as seen locally on a channel:

":Dianora!db@irc.db.net PRIVMSG #us-opers :ON TOP OF ...\r\n"

e.g. as seen sent to a remote server:
":Dianora PRIVMSG #us-opers :ON TOP OF ...\r\n"

  It has been argued that full prefixes sent locally are a waste of bandwidth
(Isomer from Undernet has argued this). i.e. instead of sending:
":nick!user@host" for a local prefix, one could just send ":nick"..
Unfortunately, this breaks many clients badly. Personally I feel that
until clients are updated to understand that a full prefix isn't always
going to be sent, that this should be held off on.

  As much as possible, prefix generation is now moved "upstairs" as
much as possible. i.e. if its known its a local client only, then the
onus of the prefix generation, is the users, not hidden in send.c
This allows somewhat faster code to be written, as the prefix doesn't
have to be regenerated over and over again.

  Prefixes aren't sent in all cases, such as a new user using NICK
A prefix is needed when it must be routed.

i.e.

NICK newnick

  There is obviously no prefix needed from a locally connected client.



FUNCTIONS
=========

sendto_one()    - Should be used for _local_ clients only
                  it expects the prefix to be pre-built by user.
		  
                  usage - sendto_one(struct Client *to, char *pattern, ...);

                  typical use:

                  sendto_one(acptr,":%s NOTICE %s :I'm tired", me.name,
		             acptr->name);
                  Note: This was from a server "me" hence only one
                  name in prefix.

                  This would be an example of a client sptr, noticing
                  acptr IF acptr is known to be a local client:

                  sendto_one(acptr,":%s!%s@%s NOTICE %s :You there?",
                             sptr->name,
                             sptr->username,
                             sptr->host,
                             acptr->name);

sendto_one_prefix()
                - Sends a message to a remote client, with proper
		  prefix and target (name or UID).
                  usage - sendto_one_prefix(struct Client *target_p,
		                            struct Client *source_p,
		                            const char *command,
					    const char *pattern, ...)

		  typical use:

		  sendto_one_prefix(target_p, source_p, "INVITE", ":%s",
				    chptr->chname);


sendto_one_notice()
                - Sends a notice from this server to target. Target may
		  be a local or remote client.
		  Prefix and target are chosen based on TS6 capability.

		  typical use:

		  sendto_one_notice(source_p, ":You suck. Yes, really.");

sendto_one_numeric()
                - Sends a numeric from this server to target. Target may
		  be a local or remote client.
		  Prefix and target are chosen based on TS6 capability.

		  typical use:

		  sendto_one_numeric(source_p, RPL_STATSDEBUG,
		                     "p :%u staff members", count);

sendto_channel_flags()
                - This function sends a var args message to a channel globally,
                  except to the client specified as "one", the prefix
                  is built by this function on the fly as it has to
                  be sent both to local clients on this server and to
                  remote servers.
		  For type use one of:
                  ONLY_SERVERS ALL_MEMBERS ONLY_CHANOPS ONLY_CHANOPSVOICED
		  If type is not ALL_MEMBERS it's not sent to not-CHW-capable
		  servers.
		  Deaf (umode +D) clients are always skipped.

                  usage - sendto_channel_flags(struct Client *one,
                                               int type,
                                               struct Client *from,
                                               struct Channel *chptr,
                                               const char *pattern, ... );

                  sendto_channel_butone(cptr, ALL_MEMBERS, sptr, chptr
                                        "PRIVMSG %s :HI!",
                                        chptr->chname);

                  e.g. if channel message is coming from "cptr"
                  it must not be sent back to cptr.


sendto_server()
                - This function sends specified var args message
                  to all connected servers except the client "one"
                  which have all of "caps" capabilities but none
		  of "nocaps" capabilities.

		  If "chptr" is not NULL and is a local channel,
		  nothing is sent.

                  usage - sendto_server(struct Client *one,
                                        struct Channel *chptr,
					unsigned long caps,
					unsigned long nocaps,
                                        const char *format, ... );  

sendto_common_channels_local()
                - This function is used only by m_nick and exit_one_client
                  its used to propagate nick changes to all channels user
                  is in, and QUIT messages to all channels user is in.
                  As it only sends to local clients, prefix generation
                  is left to the user. It also sends the message to the
                  user if the user isn't on any channels.

                  usage - sendto_common_channels_local(struct Client *user,
                                                       const char *pattern,
                                                       ...);

sendto_channel_local()
                - This function is used to send only locally, never
                  to remote servers. This is useful when removing
                  local chanops, or adding a local chanop. MODE/SJOIN
                  sent to remote server allows that server to propagate
                  mode changes to its clients locally.
		  The message is also sent to deaf (umode +D) clients.

                  usage - sendto_channel_local(int type,
                                               struct Channel *chptr,
                                               const char *pattern, ... );

                  prefix must be pre-built. type is a flag
                  denoting ONE of 
                  ALL_MEMBERS		- all members locally are sent to
                  ONLY_CHANOPS_VOICED	- only chanops and voiced see this
                  ONLY_CHANOPS		- only chanops see this


sendto_match_butone()
                - only used for the old style oper masking
                  i.e. /msg #hostmask which in hyb7 is /msg $#hostmask
                  or  /msg $servermask in hyb7 /msg $$servermask

                  usage - sendto_match_butone(struct Client *one,
                                              struct Client *source_p,
                                              char *mask,
                                              int what,
                                              const char *pattern, ... );

                  one is the client not to send to
                  mask is the actual mask
                  what is either MATCH_HOST or MATCH_SERVER

sendto_match_servs()
                - Allows sending a message to servers whose names match
		  the given mask. A message is also sent to non-matching
		  servers which have matching servers behind them.
		  Used for ENCAP, remote kline, etc.
		  No message is sent to source_p->from.

		  usage - sendto_match_servs(struct Client *source_p,
					     const char *mask,
					     int cap, int nocap,
					     const char *pattern, ...);

sendto_anywhere()
                - Allows the sending of a message to any client on the net
                  without knowing whether its local or remote. The penalty
                  is the calculation of a run-time prefix.
                  It is less efficient then sendto_one()

                  usage - sendto_anywhere(struct Client *to,
                                          struct Client *from,
                                          const char *command,
                                          const char *pattern, ...);

                  e.g.
                  sendto_anywhere(target_p, source_p,
                                  "PRIVMSG", ":Hi, Where ever you are");

sendto_realops_flags()
                - combines old sendto_realops and sendto_realops_flags
                  sends specified message to opers locally only
                  depending on umodes. UMODE_ALL is UMODE_SERVNOTICE.
                  the message is sent as a server notice, prefixed with
		  "*** Notice -- ".

                  usage - sendto_realops_flags(int flags,
                                               const char *pattern, ... );

                  e.g.
                  sendto_realops_flags(UMODE_ALL,
                                 "Don't eat the yellow snow");

sendto_wallops_flags()
                - sends specified message to opers/users locally, 
                  depending on umodes.  used for messages that need
                  to be in wallops form
                - some policy decisions about who gets what live in here

                  usage - sendto_wallops_flags(int flags,
                                    struct Client *, const char *patterm ...);

                  e.g.
                  sendto_wallops_flags(UMODE_LOCOPS,
                                      sptr, "Message");

-- Diane Bruce 
Updated Jan 2006 by jilles with ratbox and late hybrid7 changes

