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## Discourse Structure
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Conversationally, a lot of things in L'ewa grammar get dropped unless it's
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ambiguous. The I/yous that get tacked on in English are completely unneeded. A
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completely valid conversation could look something like this:
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```
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<Mai> xoi
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<Cadey> xoi
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<Mai> xoi madsa?
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<Cadey> lo spalo
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```
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And it would roughly equate to:
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```
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<Mai> Hi
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<Cadey> Hi, you doing okay?
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<Mai> Yes, have you eaten?
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<Cadey> Yes, I ate an apple
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```
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People know when they can speak after a sufficient pause between utterances.
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Interrupting is not common but not a social faux-pas, and can be used to stop a
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false assumption from being said.
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## Formality
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The informal dialect of L'ewa drops everything it can. The formal dialect
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retains everything it can, to the point where it includes noun phrase endings,
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the verb signaler, ka/ke/ku and every single optional particle in the language.
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The formal dialect will end up sounding rather wordy compared to informal slangy
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speech. Consider the differences between informal and formal versions of "I eat
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an apple":
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```
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mi madsa lo spalo.
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```
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```
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ka mi ko xi ke madsa ku lo spalo ko.
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```
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Nearly all of those particles are not required in informal speech (you could
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even get away with `madsa lo spalo` depending on context), but are required in
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formal speech to ensure there is as little contextual confusion as possible.
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Things like laws or legal rulings would be written out in the formal register.
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## Information Structure
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L'ewa doesn't have any particular structure for marking previously known
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information, as normal sentences should suffice in most cases. Consider this
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paragraph:
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```
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I saw you eat an apple. Was it tasty?
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```
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Since `an apple` was the last thing mentioned in the paragraph, the vague "it"
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pronoun in the second sentence can be interpreted as "the apple".
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L'ewa doesn't have a way to mark the topic of a sentence, that should be obvious
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from context (additional clauses to describe things will help here). In most
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cases the subject should be equivalent to the topic of a sentence.
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L'ewa doesn't directly offer ways to emphasize parts of sentences with phonemic
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stress like English does (eg: "I THOUGHT you ate an apple" vs "I thought you ATE
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an apple"), but emotion words can be used to help indicate feelings about
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things, which should suffice as far as emphasis goes.
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## Utterances
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An utterance in L'ewa is anything from a single content word all the way up to
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an entire paragraph of sentences. An emotion particle can be a complete
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utterance. A question particle can be a complete utterance, anything can be an
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utterance. A speaker may want to choose more succinct options when the other
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detail is already contextually known or simply not relevant to the listener.
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L'ewa has a few discourse particles, here are a few of the more significant
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ones:
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| L'ewa | Function |
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|-------|------------------------------------------------------|
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| xi | signals that the verb of the sentence is coming next |
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| ko | ends a noun phrase |
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| ka | marks something as the subject of the sentence |
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| ke | marks something as the verb of the sentence |
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| ku | marks something as the object of the sentence |
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- [Conversations](./06_conversations/index.md)
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- [Greetings](./06_conversations/greetings.md)
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- [Feelings](./06_conversations/feelings.md)
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- [Information Structure](./06_conversations/information-structure.md)
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- [Discourse Structure](./06_conversations/discourse-structure.md)
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- [Utterances](06_conversations/utterances.md)
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- [Formality](06_conversations/formality.md)
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- [Dictionary](./dictionary.md)
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@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ intro/index.md
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06_conversations/index.md
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06_conversations/greetings.md
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06_conversations/feelings.md
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06_conversations/information-structure.md
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06_conversations/discourse-structure.md
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06_conversations/utterances.md
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06_conversations/formality.md
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dictionary.md
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'
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