diff --git a/book/src/02_typology/index.md b/book/src/02_typology/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73d5749 --- /dev/null +++ b/book/src/02_typology/index.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +## Morphosyntactic Typology diff --git a/book/src/02_typology/typology.md b/book/src/02_typology/typology.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..402c3bf --- /dev/null +++ b/book/src/02_typology/typology.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +### Morphological Typology + +L'ewa is a analytic language. Every single word has only one form and particles +are used to modify the meaning or significance of words. There are only two word +classes: content and particles. + +#### Alignment + +L'ewa is a nominative-accusative language. Other particles may be introduced in +the future to help denote the relations that exist in other alignments, but I +don't need them yet. + +#### Word Classes + +As said before, L'ewa only has two word classes, content (or verbs) and +particles to modify the significance or relations between content. There is also +a hard limit of two arguments per verb, which should help avoid the problems +that Lojban has with its inconsistent usage of the x3, x4 and x5 places. + +As the content words are all technically verbs, there is no real need for a +copula. The ka/ke/ku series can also help to break out of other things that +modify "noun-phrases" (when those things exist). There are also no nouns, +adjectives or adverbs, because analytically combining words completely replaces +the need for them. + +Nouns and verbs do not inflect for numbers. If numbers are needed they can be +provided, otherwise the default is to assume "one or more". diff --git a/book/src/02_typology/word_order.md b/book/src/02_typology/word_order.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92c7f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/book/src/02_typology/word_order.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +### Word Order + +L'ewa is normally a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) language like English. However, +the word order of a sentence can be changed if it is important to specify some +part of the sentence in particular. + +I haven't completely finalized the particles for this, but I'd like to use `ka` to +denote the subject, `ke` to denote the verb and `ku` to denote the object. For +example if the input sentence is something like: + +``` +/mi/ /mad.sa/ /lo/ /spa.lo/ +mi madsa lo spalo + I eat an apple +``` + +You could emphasize the eating with: + +``` +/kɛ/ /mad.sa/ /ka/ /mi/ /lo/ /spa.lo/ +[ke] madsa ka mi lo spalo +V eat S I an apple +``` + +(the `ke` is in square brackets here because it is technically not required, but +it can make more sense to be explicit in some cases) + +or the apple with: + +``` +/ku/ /lo/ /spalo/ /kɛ/ /mad.sa/ /mi +ku lo spalo ke madsa mi +O an apple V eat I +``` + +L'ewa doesn't really have adjectives or adverbs in the normal indo-european +sense, but it does have a way to analytically combine meanings together. For +example if `qa'te` is the word for `is fast/quick/rapid in rate`, then saying +you are quickly eating (or wolfing food down) would be something like: + +``` +/qaʔ.tɛ/ /mad.sa/ +qa'te madsa +is fast [kind of] eat +``` + +These are assumed to be metaphorical by default. It's not always clear what +someone would mean by a fast kind of language (would they be referencing +[Speedtalk][speedtalk]?) + +[speedtalk]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedtalk + +L'ewa doesn't always require a subject or object if it can be figured out from +context. You can just say "rain" instead of "it's raining". By default, the +first word in a sentence without an article is the verb. The ka/ke/ku series +needs to be used if the word order deviates from Subject-Verb-Object (it +functions a lot like the selma'o FA from Lojban). diff --git a/book/src/SUMMARY.md b/book/src/SUMMARY.md index 886a69f..d235553 100644 --- a/book/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/book/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ - [eBook Version](./intro/ebook.md) - [Changelog](./intro/CHANGELOG.md) - [Phonology and Writing](./01_phonology/index.md) +- [Morphosyntactic Typology](./02_typology/index.md) + - [Word Order](./02_typology/word_order.md) + - [Morphological Typology](./02_typology/typology.md) diff --git a/book/src/build.sh b/book/src/build.sh index 8755a5e..2cf4f58 100755 --- a/book/src/build.sh +++ b/book/src/build.sh @@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ intro/index.md intro/CHANGELOG.md 01_phonology/index.md + +02_typology/index.md + 02_typology/word_order.md + 02_typology/typology.md ' set -x diff --git a/nix/sources.json b/nix/sources.json index 685fbf8..5954f22 100644 --- a/nix/sources.json +++ b/nix/sources.json @@ -1,4 +1,16 @@ { + "easy-dhall-nix": { + "branch": "master", + "description": "Derivations for easily downloading Dhall binaries and putting them to use.", + "homepage": "", + "owner": "justinwoo", + "repo": "easy-dhall-nix", + "rev": "27edaa0c769b9c876f11c50c9ab542061d07def5", + "sha256": "0w2ckl8fifnaq12ycqqa9ldqjsys3jbblbg7f1vkqa272y89zl08", + "type": "tarball", + "url": "https://github.com/justinwoo/easy-dhall-nix/archive/27edaa0c769b9c876f11c50c9ab542061d07def5.tar.gz", + "url_template": "https://github.com///archive/.tar.gz" + }, "niv": { "branch": "master", "description": "Easy dependency management for Nix projects",