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+---
+title: "Nix Flakes on WSL"
+date: 2022-05-04
+series: nix-flakes
+tags:
+ - nixos
+ - wsl
+vod:
+ youtube: https://youtu.be/VzQ_NwFJObc
+ twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1464781566
+---
+
+About five years ago, Microsoft released the Windows Subsystem for Linux
+([WSL](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/)). This allows you to run
+Linux programs on a Windows machine. When they released WSL version 2 in 2019,
+this added support for things like Docker and systemd. As a result, this is
+enough to run NixOS on Windows.
+
+This will give you an environment to run
+Nix and Nix Flakes commands with. You can use this to follow along with this
+series without having to install NixOS on a VM or cloud server.
+
+
+## Installation
+
+Head to the NixOS-WSL [releases
+page](https://github.com/nix-community/NixOS-WSL/releases/) and download the
+`nixos-wsl-installer-fixed.tar.gz` file to your Downloads folder.
+
+Then open Powershell and make a folder called `WSL`:
+
+```powershell
+New-Item -Path .\WSL -ItemType Directory
+```
+
+It's worth noting that Powershell does
+have a bunch of aliases for common coreutils commands to the appropriate
+Powershell CMDlets. However these aliases are NOT flag-compatible and use
+the Powershell semantics instead of the semantics of the command it is aliasing.
+This will bite you when you use commands like wget out of instinct
+to download things. In order to avoid your muscle memory betraying you, the
+Powershell CMDlets are shown here in their full overly verbose glory.
+
+
+Then enter the directory with `Set-Location`:
+
+```powershell
+Set-Location -Path .\WSL
+```
+
+This directory is where the NixOS root
+filesystem will live. If you want to put this somewhere else, feel free to.
+Somewhere in `%APPDATA%` will work, just as long as it's on an NTFS volume
+somewhere.
+
+
+Make a folder for the NixOS filesystem:
+
+```powershell
+New-Item -Path .\NixOS -ItemType Directory
+```
+
+Then install the NixOS root image with the `wsl` command:
+
+```powershell
+wsl --import NixOS .\NixOS\ ..\Downloads\nixos-wsl-installer-fixed.tar.gz --version 2
+```
+
+And start NixOS once to have it install itself:
+
+```powershell
+wsl -d NixOS
+```
+
+Once that finishes, press control-D (or use the `exit` command) to exit out of
+NixOS and restart the WSL virtual machine:
+
+```powershell
+exit
+wsl --shutdown
+wsl -d NixOS
+```
+
+And then you have yourself a working NixOS environment! It's very barebones, but
+we can use it to test the `nix run` command against our gohello command:
+
+```console
+$ nix run github:Xe/gohello
+Hello reader!
+```
+
+## Local Services
+
+We can also use this NixOS environment to run a local nginx server. Open
+`/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{ lib, pkgs, config, modulesPath, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+let
+ nixos-wsl = import ./nixos-wsl;
+in
+{
+ imports = [
+ "${modulesPath}/profiles/minimal.nix"
+
+ nixos-wsl.nixosModules.wsl
+ ];
+
+ wsl = {
+ enable = true;
+ automountPath = "/mnt";
+ defaultUser = "nixos";
+ startMenuLaunchers = true;
+
+ # Enable integration with Docker Desktop (needs to be installed)
+ # docker.enable = true;
+ };
+
+ # Enable nix flakes
+ nix.package = pkgs.nixFlakes;
+ nix.extraOptions = ''
+ experimental-features = nix-command flakes
+ '';
+}
+```
+
+Right after the `wsl` block, add this nginx configuration to the file:
+
+```nix
+services.nginx.enable = true;
+services.nginx.virtualHosts."test.local.cetacean.club" = {
+ root = "/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club";
+};
+```
+
+This will create an nginx configuration that points the domain
+`test.local.cetacean.club` to the contents of the folder `/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club`.
+
+The /srv folder is set aside
+for site-specific data, which is code for "do whatever you want with this
+folder". In many cases people make a separate /srv/http folder and
+put each static subdomain in its own folder under that, however I am also told
+that it is idiomatic to put stuff in /var/www. Pick your poison.
+
+
+Then you can test the web server with the `curl` command:
+
+```console
+$ curl http://test.local.cetacean.club
+
+404 Not Found
+
+404 Not Found
+
nginx
+
+
+```
+
+This is good! Nginx is running and since we haven't created the folder with our
+website content yet, this 404 means that it can't find it! Let's create the
+folder so that nginx has permission to it and we can modify things in it:
+
+```
+sudo mkdir -p /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club
+sudo chown nixos:nginx /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club
+```
+
+Finally we can make an amazing website. Open
+`/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club/index.html` in nano:
+
+```
+nano /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club/index.html
+```
+
+And paste in this HTML:
+
+```html
+amazing website xD
+look at my AMAZING WEBSITE
+It's so cool *twerks*
+```
+
+And then you can see it show up with `curl`:
+
+```console
+$ curl http://test.local.cetacean.club
+amazing website xD
+look at my AMAZING WEBSITE
+It's so cool *twerks*
+```
+
+You can also check this out in a browser by clicking
+[here](http://test.local.cetacean.club):
+
+
+
+## Installing `gohello`
+
+To install the `gohello` service, first we will need to convert this machine to
+use NixOS flakes. We can do that really quick and easy by adding this file to
+`/etc/nixos/flake.nix`:
+
+Do this as root!
+
+```nix
+{
+ inputs = {
+ nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+ };
+
+ outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }: {
+ nixosConfigurations.nixos = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+ system = "x86_64-linux";
+ modules = [
+ ./configuration.nix
+
+ # add things here
+ ];
+ };
+ };
+}
+```
+
+Then run `nix flake check` to make sure everything is okay:
+
+```
+sudo nix flake check /etc/nixos
+```
+
+And finally activate the new configuration with flakes:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+After it thinks for a bit, you should notice that nothing happened. This is
+good, we have just converted the system over to using Nix flakes instead of the
+classic `nix-channel` rebuild method.
+
+To get `gohello` in the system, first we need to add `git` to the commands
+available on the system in `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git ];
+```
+
+Then we can add `gohello` to our system flake:
+
+```nix
+{
+ inputs = {
+ nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+ # XXX(Xe): this URL may change for you, such as github:Xe/gohello-http
+ gohello.url = "git+https://tulpa.dev/cadey/gohello-http?ref=main";
+ };
+
+ outputs = { self, nixpkgs, gohello, ... }: {
+ nixosConfigurations.nixos = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+ system = "x86_64-linux";
+ modules = [
+ ./configuration.nix
+
+ # add things here
+ gohello.nixosModule
+ ({ pkgs, ... }: {
+ xeserv.services.gohello.enable = true;
+ })
+ ];
+ };
+ };
+}
+```
+
+And rebuild the system with `gohello` enabled:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+Finally, poke it with `curl`:
+
+```console
+$ curl http://gohello.local.cetacean.club
+hello world :)
+```
+
+To update it, update the flake inputs in `/etc/nixos` and run `nixos-rebuild`:
+
+```
+sudo nix flake update /etc/nixos
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+---
+
+And from here you can do whatever you want with NixOS. You can use
+[containers](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#ch-containers), set up
+arbitrary services, or plan for world domination as normal.
+
+I thought it was "to save the world from
+devastation", not "to plan for world domination". Who needs a monopoly on
+violence for world domination when you have Nix expressions?
+
+Siiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigh.
+
+I will use this setup in future posts to make this more accessible and easy to
+hack at without having to have a dedicated NixOS machine laying around.