use core::any::TypeId;
use value::{RuntimeValue, FromRuntimeValue};
use {TrapKind, Trap};

/// Wrapper around slice of [`RuntimeValue`] for using it
/// as an argument list conveniently.
///
/// [`RuntimeValue`]: enum.RuntimeValue.html
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RuntimeArgs<'a>(&'a [RuntimeValue]);

impl<'a> From<&'a [RuntimeValue]> for RuntimeArgs<'a> {
	fn from(inner: &'a [RuntimeValue]) -> Self {
		RuntimeArgs(inner)
	}
}

impl<'a> AsRef<[RuntimeValue]> for RuntimeArgs<'a> {
	fn as_ref(&self) -> &[RuntimeValue] {
		self.0
	}
}

impl<'a> RuntimeArgs<'a> {
	/// Extract argument by index `idx`.
	///
	/// # Errors
	///
	/// Returns `Err` if cast is invalid or not enough arguments.
	pub fn nth_checked<T>(&self, idx: usize) -> Result<T, Trap> where T: FromRuntimeValue {
		Ok(self.nth_value_checked(idx)?.try_into().ok_or_else(|| TrapKind::UnexpectedSignature)?)
	}

	/// Extract argument as a [`RuntimeValue`] by index `idx`.
	///
	/// # Errors
	///
	/// Returns `Err` if this list has not enough arguments.
	///
	/// [`RuntimeValue`]: enum.RuntimeValue.html
	pub fn nth_value_checked(&self, idx: usize) -> Result<RuntimeValue, Trap> {
		if self.0.len() <= idx {
			return Err(TrapKind::UnexpectedSignature.into());
		}
		Ok(self.0[idx])
	}

	/// Extract argument by index `idx`.
	///
	/// # Panics
	///
	/// Panics if cast is invalid or not enough arguments.
	pub fn nth<T>(&self, idx: usize) -> T where T: FromRuntimeValue {
		let value = self.nth_value_checked(idx).expect("Invalid argument index");
		value.try_into().expect("Unexpected argument type")
	}

	/// Total number of arguments
	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
		self.0.len()
	}
}

/// Trait that allows the host to return custom error.
///
/// It should be useful for representing custom traps,
/// troubles at instantiation time or other host specific conditions.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::fmt;
/// use wasmi::{Error, HostError};
///
/// #[derive(Debug)]
/// struct MyError {
///     code: u32,
/// }
///
/// impl fmt::Display for MyError {
///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
///         write!(f, "MyError, code={}", self.code)
///     }
/// }
///
/// impl HostError for MyError { }
///
/// fn failable_fn() -> Result<(), Error> {
///     let my_error = MyError { code: 1312 };
///     Err(Error::Host(Box::new(my_error)))
/// }
///
/// match failable_fn() {
///     Err(Error::Host(host_error)) => {
///         let my_error = host_error.downcast_ref::<MyError>().unwrap();
///         assert_eq!(my_error.code, 1312);
///     }
///     _ => panic!(),
/// }
/// ```
pub trait HostError: 'static + ::core::fmt::Display + ::core::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
	#[doc(hidden)]
	fn __private_get_type_id__(&self) -> TypeId {
		TypeId::of::<Self>()
	}
}

impl HostError {
	/// Attempt to downcast this `HostError` to a concrete type by reference.
	pub fn downcast_ref<T: HostError>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
		if self.__private_get_type_id__() == TypeId::of::<T>() {
			unsafe { Some(&*(self as *const HostError as *const T)) }
		} else {
			None
		}
	}

	/// Attempt to downcast this `HostError` to a concrete type by mutable
	/// reference.
	pub fn downcast_mut<T: HostError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
		if self.__private_get_type_id__() == TypeId::of::<T>() {
			unsafe { Some(&mut *(self as *mut HostError as *mut T)) }
		} else {
			None
		}
	}
}

/// Trait that allows to implement host functions.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use wasmi::{
///     Externals, RuntimeValue, RuntimeArgs, Error, ModuleImportResolver,
///     FuncRef, ValueType, Signature, FuncInstance, Trap,
/// };
///
/// struct HostExternals {
///     counter: usize,
/// }
///
/// const ADD_FUNC_INDEX: usize = 0;
///
/// impl Externals for HostExternals {
///     fn invoke_index(
///         &mut self,
///         index: usize,
///         args: RuntimeArgs,
///     ) -> Result<Option<RuntimeValue>, Trap> {
///         match index {
///             ADD_FUNC_INDEX => {
///                 let a: u32 = args.nth_checked(0)?;
///                 let b: u32 = args.nth_checked(1)?;
///                 let result = a + b;
///
///                 Ok(Some(RuntimeValue::I32(result as i32)))
///             }
///             _ => panic!("Unimplemented function at {}", index),
///         }
///     }
/// }
///
/// impl HostExternals {
///     fn check_signature(
///         &self,
///         index: usize,
///         signature: &Signature
///     ) -> bool {
///         let (params, ret_ty): (&[ValueType], Option<ValueType>) = match index {
///             ADD_FUNC_INDEX => (&[ValueType::I32, ValueType::I32], Some(ValueType::I32)),
///             _ => return false,
///         };
///         signature.params() == params && signature.return_type() == ret_ty
///     }
/// }
///
/// impl ModuleImportResolver for HostExternals {
///     fn resolve_func(
///         &self,
///         field_name: &str,
///         signature: &Signature
///     ) -> Result<FuncRef, Error> {
///         let index = match field_name {
///             "add" => ADD_FUNC_INDEX,
///             _ => {
///                 return Err(Error::Instantiation(
///                     format!("Export {} not found", field_name),
///                 ))
///             }
///         };
/// 
///         if !self.check_signature(index, signature) {
///             return Err(Error::Instantiation(
///                 format!("Export {} has a bad signature", field_name)
///             ));
///         }
/// 
///         Ok(FuncInstance::alloc_host(
///             Signature::new(&[ValueType::I32, ValueType::I32][..], Some(ValueType::I32)),
///             index,
///         ))
///     }
/// }
/// ```
pub trait Externals {
	/// Perform invoke of a host function by specified `index`.
	fn invoke_index(
		&mut self,
		index: usize,
		args: RuntimeArgs,
	) -> Result<Option<RuntimeValue>, Trap>;
}

/// Implementation of [`Externals`] that just traps on [`invoke_index`].
///
/// [`Externals`]: trait.Externals.html
/// [`invoke_index`]: trait.Externals.html#tymethod.invoke_index
pub struct NopExternals;

impl Externals for NopExternals {
	fn invoke_index(
		&mut self,
		_index: usize,
		_args: RuntimeArgs,
	) -> Result<Option<RuntimeValue>, Trap> {
		Err(TrapKind::Unreachable.into())
	}
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {

	use value::RuntimeValue;
	use super::{RuntimeArgs, HostError};

	#[test]
	fn i32_runtime_args() {
		let args: RuntimeArgs = (&[RuntimeValue::I32(0)][..]).into();
		let val: i32 = args.nth_checked(0).unwrap();
		assert_eq!(val, 0);
	}

	#[test]
	fn i64_invalid_arg_cast() {
		let args: RuntimeArgs = (&[RuntimeValue::I64(90534534545322)][..]).into();
		assert!(args.nth_checked::<i32>(0).is_err());
	}

	// Tests that `HostError` trait is object safe.
	fn _host_error_is_object_safe(_: &HostError) {
	}
}