add analytics via segment again

This commit is contained in:
Cadey Ratio 2018-08-22 03:17:59 +00:00
parent 5a8b8dc48f
commit 6b7d6dcc49
186 changed files with 2251 additions and 30391 deletions

View File

@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
"time"
"github.com/Xe/ln"
analytics "gopkg.in/segmentio/analytics-go.v3"
)
func logTemplateTime(name string, from time.Time) {
@ -70,4 +71,12 @@ func (s *Site) showPost(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
}
s.renderTemplatePage("blogpost.html", p).ServeHTTP(w, r)
if s.segment != nil {
s.segment.Enqueue(&analytics.Track{
UserId: Hash(r.RemoteAddr, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")),
Event: "Post Viewed",
Properties: analytics.NewProperties().SetURL(r.RequestURI).SetTitle(p.Title),
})
}
}

View File

@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
"github.com/gorilla/feeds"
blackfriday "github.com/russross/blackfriday"
"github.com/tj/front"
"gopkg.in/segmentio/analytics-go.v3"
)
var port = os.Getenv("PORT")
@ -47,11 +48,24 @@ type Site struct {
templates map[string]*template.Template
tlock sync.RWMutex
segment analytics.Client
}
func (s *Site) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
ln.Log(r.Context(), ln.F{"action": "Site.ServeHTTP", "user_ip_address": r.RemoteAddr, "path": r.RequestURI})
s.mux.ServeHTTP(w, r)
if s.segment != nil {
if !strings.HasPrefix(r.RequestURI, "/blog/") {
s.segment.Enqueue(&analytics.Track{
UserId: Hash(r.RemoteAddr, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")),
Event: "Page Viewed",
Properties: analytics.NewProperties().SetURL(r.RequestURI),
})
}
}
}
// Build creates a new Site instance or fails.
@ -88,6 +102,10 @@ func Build() (*Site, error) {
templates: map[string]*template.Template{},
}
if wk := os.Getenv("SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY"); wk != "" {
s.segment = analytics.New(wk)
}
err := filepath.Walk("./blog/", func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
if err != nil {
return err

26
go.mod
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
module github.com/Xe/site
require (
github.com/GeertJohan/go.rice v0.0.0-20170420135705-c02ca9a983da
github.com/GeertJohan/go.rice v0.0.0-20170420135705-c02ca9a983da // indirect
github.com/Xe/gopreload v0.0.0-20170326043426-a00a8beb369c
github.com/Xe/jsonfeed v0.0.0-20170520170432-e21591505612
github.com/Xe/ln v0.0.0-20170921000907-466e05b2ef3e
github.com/daaku/go.zipexe v0.0.0-20150329023125-a5fe2436ffcb
github.com/daaku/go.zipexe v0.0.0-20150329023125-a5fe2436ffcb // indirect
github.com/google/gops v0.3.2
github.com/gorilla/feeds v1.0.0
github.com/jtolds/qod v0.0.0-20170925014538-3abb44dfc7ba
github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0
github.com/magefile/mage v0.0.0-20171025021237-ab3ca2f6f855
github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.0
github.com/jtolds/qod v0.0.0-20170925014538-3abb44dfc7ba // indirect
github.com/kardianos/osext v0.0.0-20170510131534-ae77be60afb1 // indirect
github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 // indirect
github.com/magefile/mage v0.0.0-20171025021237-ab3ca2f6f855 // indirect
github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.0 // indirect
github.com/russross/blackfriday v0.0.0-20170806171014-cadec560ec52
github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v0.0.0-20170918181015-86672fcb3f95
github.com/st3fan/jsonfeed v0.0.0-20170519104842-498b2850d26b
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2
github.com/segmentio/backo-go v0.0.0-20160424052352-204274ad699c // indirect
github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v0.0.0-20170918181015-86672fcb3f95 // indirect
github.com/st3fan/jsonfeed v0.0.0-20170519104842-498b2850d26b // indirect
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2 // indirect
github.com/tj/front v0.0.0-20170212063142-739be213b0a1
gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127
gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0
github.com/xtgo/uuid v0.0.0-20140804021211-a0b114877d4c // indirect
gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 // indirect
gopkg.in/segmentio/analytics-go.v3 v3.0.0-20180814014620-14e03163be03
gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0 // indirect
)

7
go.sum
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ github.com/gorilla/feeds v1.0.0 h1:EbkEvaYf+PXhYNHS20heBG7Rl2X6Zy8l11ZBWAHkWqE=
github.com/gorilla/feeds v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Nk0jZrvPFZX1OBe5NPiddPw7CfwF6Q9eqzaBbaightA=
github.com/jtolds/qod v0.0.0-20170925014538-3abb44dfc7ba/go.mod h1:CC0XsLGDIrizqHTsUEJh89QHzv2u2mix/O9xl4+LqSw=
github.com/kardianos/osext v0.0.0-20170510131534-ae77be60afb1 h1:PJPDf8OUfOK1bb/NeTKd4f1QXZItOX389VN3B6qC8ro=
github.com/kardianos/osext v0.0.0-20170510131534-ae77be60afb1/go.mod h1:1NbS8ALrpOvjt0rHPNLyCIeMtbizbir8U//inJ+zuB8=
github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 h1:L/CwN0zerZDmRFUapSPitk6f+Q3+0za1rQkzVuMiMFI=
github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.0/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINE
github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
github.com/russross/blackfriday v0.0.0-20170806171014-cadec560ec52 h1:xZ0R4UuR0EDx7m0OmvsqZaomfqCeYJ/PyLm94WLhnIM=
github.com/russross/blackfriday v0.0.0-20170806171014-cadec560ec52/go.mod h1:JO/DiYxRf+HjHt06OyowR9PTA263kcR/rfWxYHBV53g=
github.com/segmentio/backo-go v0.0.0-20160424052352-204274ad699c h1:rsRTAcCR5CeNLkvgBVSjQoDGRRt6kggsE6XYBqCv2KQ=
github.com/segmentio/backo-go v0.0.0-20160424052352-204274ad699c/go.mod h1:kJ9mm9YmoWSkk+oQ+5Cj8DEoRCX2JT6As4kEtIIOp1M=
github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v0.0.0-20170918181015-86672fcb3f95 h1:/vdW8Cb7EXrkqWGufVMES1OH2sU9gKVb2n9/1y5NMBY=
github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v0.0.0-20170918181015-86672fcb3f95/go.mod h1:1NzhyTcUVG4SuEtjjoZeVRXNmyL/1OwPU0+IJeTBvfc=
github.com/st3fan/jsonfeed v0.0.0-20170519104842-498b2850d26b h1:i9Wk9W2bjrMvUf59rJKX4/lvZXy3L3lcX7g18c8AveU=
@ -32,7 +35,11 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2 h1:bSDNvY7ZPG5RlJ8otE/7V6gMiyenm9RtJ7IUVIAoJ1
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
github.com/tj/front v0.0.0-20170212063142-739be213b0a1 h1:lA+aPRvltlx2fwv/BnxyYSDQo3pIeqzHgMO5GvK0T9E=
github.com/tj/front v0.0.0-20170212063142-739be213b0a1/go.mod h1:deJrtusCTptAW4EUn5vBLpl3dhNqPqUwEjWJz5UNxpQ=
github.com/xtgo/uuid v0.0.0-20140804021211-a0b114877d4c h1:3lbZUMbMiGUW/LMkfsEABsc5zNT9+b1CvsJx47JzJ8g=
github.com/xtgo/uuid v0.0.0-20140804021211-a0b114877d4c/go.mod h1:UrdRz5enIKZ63MEE3IF9l2/ebyx59GyGgPi+tICQdmM=
gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
gopkg.in/segmentio/analytics-go.v3 v3.0.0-20180814014620-14e03163be03 h1:VE9ONTFmnLVqBF4kx4jy+IsK8fCQCy7cIff269RITxs=
gopkg.in/segmentio/analytics-go.v3 v3.0.0-20180814014620-14e03163be03/go.mod h1:4QqqlTlSSpVlWA9/9nDcPw+FkM2yv1NQoYjUbL9/JAw=
gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0 h1:POO/ycCATvegFmVuPpQzZFJ+pGZeX22Ufu6fibxDVjU=
gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0/go.mod h1:WDnlLJ4WF5VGsH/HVa3CI79GS0ol3YnhVnKP89i0kNg=

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@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/
package jsonfeed_test
import (
"os"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/st3fan/jsonfeed"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func Test_ParseSimple(t *testing.T) {
r, err := os.Open("testdata/feed.json")
assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not open testdata/feed.json")
feed, err := jsonfeed.Parse(r)
assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not parse testdata/feed.json")
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1", feed.Version)
assert.Equal(t, "JSON Feed", feed.Title)
assert.Equal(t, "JSON Feed is a ...", feed.Description)
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/", feed.HomePageURL)
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/feed.json", feed.FeedURL)
assert.Equal(t, "This feed allows ...", feed.UserComment)
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/graphics/icon.png", feed.Favicon)
assert.Equal(t, "Brent Simmons and Manton Reece", feed.Author.Name)
assert.Equal(t, 1, len(feed.Items))
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/2017/05/17/announcing_json_feed", feed.Items[0].ID)
assert.Equal(t, "https://jsonfeed.org/2017/05/17/announcing_json_feed", feed.Items[0].URL)
assert.Equal(t, "Announcing JSON Feed", feed.Items[0].Title)
assert.Equal(t, "<p>We ...", feed.Items[0].ContentHTML)
datePublished, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02T15:04:05-07:00", "2017-05-17T08:02:12-07:00")
assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not parse timestamp")
assert.Equal(t, datePublished, feed.Items[0].DatePublished)
}

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@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
{
"version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1",
"title": "JSON Feed",
"description": "JSON Feed is a ...",
"home_page_url": "https://jsonfeed.org/",
"feed_url": "https://jsonfeed.org/feed.json",
"user_comment": "This feed allows ...",
"favicon": "https://jsonfeed.org/graphics/icon.png",
"author": {
"name": "Brent Simmons and Manton Reece"
},
"items": [
{
"id": "https://jsonfeed.org/2017/05/17/announcing_json_feed",
"url": "https://jsonfeed.org/2017/05/17/announcing_json_feed",
"title": "Announcing JSON Feed",
"content_html": "<p>We ...",
"date_published": "2017-05-17T08:02:12-07:00"
}
]
}

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@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
package ln
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"fmt"
"testing"
"time"
)
var ctx context.Context
func setup(t *testing.T) (*bytes.Buffer, func()) {
ctx = context.Background()
out := bytes.Buffer{}
oldFilters := DefaultLogger.Filters
DefaultLogger.Filters = []Filter{NewWriterFilter(&out, nil)}
return &out, func() {
DefaultLogger.Filters = oldFilters
}
}
func TestSimpleError(t *testing.T) {
out, teardown := setup(t)
defer teardown()
Log(ctx, F{"err": fmt.Errorf("This is an Error!!!")}, F{"msg": "fooey", "bar": "foo"})
data := []string{
`err="This is an Error!!!"`,
`fooey`,
`bar=foo`,
}
for _, line := range data {
if !bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(line)) {
t.Fatalf("Bytes: %s not in %s", line, out.Bytes())
}
}
}
func TestTimeConversion(t *testing.T) {
out, teardown := setup(t)
defer teardown()
var zeroTime time.Time
Log(ctx, F{"zero": zeroTime})
data := []string{
`zero=0001-01-01T00:00:00Z`,
}
for _, line := range data {
if !bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(line)) {
t.Fatalf("Bytes: %s not in %s", line, out.Bytes())
}
}
}
func TestDebug(t *testing.T) {
out, teardown := setup(t)
defer teardown()
// set priority to Debug
Error(ctx, fmt.Errorf("This is an Error!!!"), F{})
data := []string{
`err="This is an Error!!!"`,
`_lineno=`,
`_function=ln.TestDebug`,
`_filename=github.com/Xe/ln/logger_test.go`,
`cause="This is an Error!!!"`,
}
for _, line := range data {
if !bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(line)) {
t.Fatalf("Bytes: %s not in %s", line, out.Bytes())
}
}
}
func TestFer(t *testing.T) {
out, teardown := setup(t)
defer teardown()
underTest := foobar{Foo: 1, Bar: "quux"}
Log(ctx, underTest)
data := []string{
`foo=1`,
`bar=quux`,
}
for _, line := range data {
if !bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(line)) {
t.Fatalf("Bytes: %s not in %s", line, out.Bytes())
}
}
}
type foobar struct {
Foo int
Bar string
}
func (f foobar) F() F {
return F{
"foo": f.Foo,
"bar": f.Bar,
}
}

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@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when the code is not running on Google App Engine, compiled by GopherJS, and
// "-tags safe" is not added to the go build command line. The "disableunsafe"
// tag is deprecated and thus should not be used.
// +build !js,!appengine,!safe,!disableunsafe
package spew
import (
"reflect"
"unsafe"
)
const (
// UnsafeDisabled is a build-time constant which specifies whether or
// not access to the unsafe package is available.
UnsafeDisabled = false
// ptrSize is the size of a pointer on the current arch.
ptrSize = unsafe.Sizeof((*byte)(nil))
)
var (
// offsetPtr, offsetScalar, and offsetFlag are the offsets for the
// internal reflect.Value fields. These values are valid before golang
// commit ecccf07e7f9d which changed the format. The are also valid
// after commit 82f48826c6c7 which changed the format again to mirror
// the original format. Code in the init function updates these offsets
// as necessary.
offsetPtr = uintptr(ptrSize)
offsetScalar = uintptr(0)
offsetFlag = uintptr(ptrSize * 2)
// flagKindWidth and flagKindShift indicate various bits that the
// reflect package uses internally to track kind information.
//
// flagRO indicates whether or not the value field of a reflect.Value is
// read-only.
//
// flagIndir indicates whether the value field of a reflect.Value is
// the actual data or a pointer to the data.
//
// These values are valid before golang commit 90a7c3c86944 which
// changed their positions. Code in the init function updates these
// flags as necessary.
flagKindWidth = uintptr(5)
flagKindShift = uintptr(flagKindWidth - 1)
flagRO = uintptr(1 << 0)
flagIndir = uintptr(1 << 1)
)
func init() {
// Older versions of reflect.Value stored small integers directly in the
// ptr field (which is named val in the older versions). Versions
// between commits ecccf07e7f9d and 82f48826c6c7 added a new field named
// scalar for this purpose which unfortunately came before the flag
// field, so the offset of the flag field is different for those
// versions.
//
// This code constructs a new reflect.Value from a known small integer
// and checks if the size of the reflect.Value struct indicates it has
// the scalar field. When it does, the offsets are updated accordingly.
vv := reflect.ValueOf(0xf00)
if unsafe.Sizeof(vv) == (ptrSize * 4) {
offsetScalar = ptrSize * 2
offsetFlag = ptrSize * 3
}
// Commit 90a7c3c86944 changed the flag positions such that the low
// order bits are the kind. This code extracts the kind from the flags
// field and ensures it's the correct type. When it's not, the flag
// order has been changed to the newer format, so the flags are updated
// accordingly.
upf := unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&vv)) + offsetFlag)
upfv := *(*uintptr)(upf)
flagKindMask := uintptr((1<<flagKindWidth - 1) << flagKindShift)
if (upfv&flagKindMask)>>flagKindShift != uintptr(reflect.Int) {
flagKindShift = 0
flagRO = 1 << 5
flagIndir = 1 << 6
// Commit adf9b30e5594 modified the flags to separate the
// flagRO flag into two bits which specifies whether or not the
// field is embedded. This causes flagIndir to move over a bit
// and means that flagRO is the combination of either of the
// original flagRO bit and the new bit.
//
// This code detects the change by extracting what used to be
// the indirect bit to ensure it's set. When it's not, the flag
// order has been changed to the newer format, so the flags are
// updated accordingly.
if upfv&flagIndir == 0 {
flagRO = 3 << 5
flagIndir = 1 << 7
}
}
}
// unsafeReflectValue converts the passed reflect.Value into a one that bypasses
// the typical safety restrictions preventing access to unaddressable and
// unexported data. It works by digging the raw pointer to the underlying
// value out of the protected value and generating a new unprotected (unsafe)
// reflect.Value to it.
//
// This allows us to check for implementations of the Stringer and error
// interfaces to be used for pretty printing ordinarily unaddressable and
// inaccessible values such as unexported struct fields.
func unsafeReflectValue(v reflect.Value) (rv reflect.Value) {
indirects := 1
vt := v.Type()
upv := unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&v)) + offsetPtr)
rvf := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&v)) + offsetFlag))
if rvf&flagIndir != 0 {
vt = reflect.PtrTo(v.Type())
indirects++
} else if offsetScalar != 0 {
// The value is in the scalar field when it's not one of the
// reference types.
switch vt.Kind() {
case reflect.Uintptr:
case reflect.Chan:
case reflect.Func:
case reflect.Map:
case reflect.Ptr:
case reflect.UnsafePointer:
default:
upv = unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&v)) +
offsetScalar)
}
}
pv := reflect.NewAt(vt, upv)
rv = pv
for i := 0; i < indirects; i++ {
rv = rv.Elem()
}
return rv
}

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@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when the code is running on Google App Engine, compiled by GopherJS, or
// "-tags safe" is added to the go build command line. The "disableunsafe"
// tag is deprecated and thus should not be used.
// +build js appengine safe disableunsafe
package spew
import "reflect"
const (
// UnsafeDisabled is a build-time constant which specifies whether or
// not access to the unsafe package is available.
UnsafeDisabled = true
)
// unsafeReflectValue typically converts the passed reflect.Value into a one
// that bypasses the typical safety restrictions preventing access to
// unaddressable and unexported data. However, doing this relies on access to
// the unsafe package. This is a stub version which simply returns the passed
// reflect.Value when the unsafe package is not available.
func unsafeReflectValue(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
return v
}

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@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"sort"
"strconv"
)
// Some constants in the form of bytes to avoid string overhead. This mirrors
// the technique used in the fmt package.
var (
panicBytes = []byte("(PANIC=")
plusBytes = []byte("+")
iBytes = []byte("i")
trueBytes = []byte("true")
falseBytes = []byte("false")
interfaceBytes = []byte("(interface {})")
commaNewlineBytes = []byte(",\n")
newlineBytes = []byte("\n")
openBraceBytes = []byte("{")
openBraceNewlineBytes = []byte("{\n")
closeBraceBytes = []byte("}")
asteriskBytes = []byte("*")
colonBytes = []byte(":")
colonSpaceBytes = []byte(": ")
openParenBytes = []byte("(")
closeParenBytes = []byte(")")
spaceBytes = []byte(" ")
pointerChainBytes = []byte("->")
nilAngleBytes = []byte("<nil>")
maxNewlineBytes = []byte("<max depth reached>\n")
maxShortBytes = []byte("<max>")
circularBytes = []byte("<already shown>")
circularShortBytes = []byte("<shown>")
invalidAngleBytes = []byte("<invalid>")
openBracketBytes = []byte("[")
closeBracketBytes = []byte("]")
percentBytes = []byte("%")
precisionBytes = []byte(".")
openAngleBytes = []byte("<")
closeAngleBytes = []byte(">")
openMapBytes = []byte("map[")
closeMapBytes = []byte("]")
lenEqualsBytes = []byte("len=")
capEqualsBytes = []byte("cap=")
)
// hexDigits is used to map a decimal value to a hex digit.
var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef"
// catchPanic handles any panics that might occur during the handleMethods
// calls.
func catchPanic(w io.Writer, v reflect.Value) {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
w.Write(panicBytes)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", err)
w.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
}
// handleMethods attempts to call the Error and String methods on the underlying
// type the passed reflect.Value represents and outputes the result to Writer w.
//
// It handles panics in any called methods by catching and displaying the error
// as the formatted value.
func handleMethods(cs *ConfigState, w io.Writer, v reflect.Value) (handled bool) {
// We need an interface to check if the type implements the error or
// Stringer interface. However, the reflect package won't give us an
// interface on certain things like unexported struct fields in order
// to enforce visibility rules. We use unsafe, when it's available,
// to bypass these restrictions since this package does not mutate the
// values.
if !v.CanInterface() {
if UnsafeDisabled {
return false
}
v = unsafeReflectValue(v)
}
// Choose whether or not to do error and Stringer interface lookups against
// the base type or a pointer to the base type depending on settings.
// Technically calling one of these methods with a pointer receiver can
// mutate the value, however, types which choose to satisify an error or
// Stringer interface with a pointer receiver should not be mutating their
// state inside these interface methods.
if !cs.DisablePointerMethods && !UnsafeDisabled && !v.CanAddr() {
v = unsafeReflectValue(v)
}
if v.CanAddr() {
v = v.Addr()
}
// Is it an error or Stringer?
switch iface := v.Interface().(type) {
case error:
defer catchPanic(w, v)
if cs.ContinueOnMethod {
w.Write(openParenBytes)
w.Write([]byte(iface.Error()))
w.Write(closeParenBytes)
w.Write(spaceBytes)
return false
}
w.Write([]byte(iface.Error()))
return true
case fmt.Stringer:
defer catchPanic(w, v)
if cs.ContinueOnMethod {
w.Write(openParenBytes)
w.Write([]byte(iface.String()))
w.Write(closeParenBytes)
w.Write(spaceBytes)
return false
}
w.Write([]byte(iface.String()))
return true
}
return false
}
// printBool outputs a boolean value as true or false to Writer w.
func printBool(w io.Writer, val bool) {
if val {
w.Write(trueBytes)
} else {
w.Write(falseBytes)
}
}
// printInt outputs a signed integer value to Writer w.
func printInt(w io.Writer, val int64, base int) {
w.Write([]byte(strconv.FormatInt(val, base)))
}
// printUint outputs an unsigned integer value to Writer w.
func printUint(w io.Writer, val uint64, base int) {
w.Write([]byte(strconv.FormatUint(val, base)))
}
// printFloat outputs a floating point value using the specified precision,
// which is expected to be 32 or 64bit, to Writer w.
func printFloat(w io.Writer, val float64, precision int) {
w.Write([]byte(strconv.FormatFloat(val, 'g', -1, precision)))
}
// printComplex outputs a complex value using the specified float precision
// for the real and imaginary parts to Writer w.
func printComplex(w io.Writer, c complex128, floatPrecision int) {
r := real(c)
w.Write(openParenBytes)
w.Write([]byte(strconv.FormatFloat(r, 'g', -1, floatPrecision)))
i := imag(c)
if i >= 0 {
w.Write(plusBytes)
}
w.Write([]byte(strconv.FormatFloat(i, 'g', -1, floatPrecision)))
w.Write(iBytes)
w.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
// printHexPtr outputs a uintptr formatted as hexidecimal with a leading '0x'
// prefix to Writer w.
func printHexPtr(w io.Writer, p uintptr) {
// Null pointer.
num := uint64(p)
if num == 0 {
w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
return
}
// Max uint64 is 16 bytes in hex + 2 bytes for '0x' prefix
buf := make([]byte, 18)
// It's simpler to construct the hex string right to left.
base := uint64(16)
i := len(buf) - 1
for num >= base {
buf[i] = hexDigits[num%base]
num /= base
i--
}
buf[i] = hexDigits[num]
// Add '0x' prefix.
i--
buf[i] = 'x'
i--
buf[i] = '0'
// Strip unused leading bytes.
buf = buf[i:]
w.Write(buf)
}
// valuesSorter implements sort.Interface to allow a slice of reflect.Value
// elements to be sorted.
type valuesSorter struct {
values []reflect.Value
strings []string // either nil or same len and values
cs *ConfigState
}
// newValuesSorter initializes a valuesSorter instance, which holds a set of
// surrogate keys on which the data should be sorted. It uses flags in
// ConfigState to decide if and how to populate those surrogate keys.
func newValuesSorter(values []reflect.Value, cs *ConfigState) sort.Interface {
vs := &valuesSorter{values: values, cs: cs}
if canSortSimply(vs.values[0].Kind()) {
return vs
}
if !cs.DisableMethods {
vs.strings = make([]string, len(values))
for i := range vs.values {
b := bytes.Buffer{}
if !handleMethods(cs, &b, vs.values[i]) {
vs.strings = nil
break
}
vs.strings[i] = b.String()
}
}
if vs.strings == nil && cs.SpewKeys {
vs.strings = make([]string, len(values))
for i := range vs.values {
vs.strings[i] = Sprintf("%#v", vs.values[i].Interface())
}
}
return vs
}
// canSortSimply tests whether a reflect.Kind is a primitive that can be sorted
// directly, or whether it should be considered for sorting by surrogate keys
// (if the ConfigState allows it).
func canSortSimply(kind reflect.Kind) bool {
// This switch parallels valueSortLess, except for the default case.
switch kind {
case reflect.Bool:
return true
case reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Int:
return true
case reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint:
return true
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
return true
case reflect.String:
return true
case reflect.Uintptr:
return true
case reflect.Array:
return true
}
return false
}
// Len returns the number of values in the slice. It is part of the
// sort.Interface implementation.
func (s *valuesSorter) Len() int {
return len(s.values)
}
// Swap swaps the values at the passed indices. It is part of the
// sort.Interface implementation.
func (s *valuesSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
s.values[i], s.values[j] = s.values[j], s.values[i]
if s.strings != nil {
s.strings[i], s.strings[j] = s.strings[j], s.strings[i]
}
}
// valueSortLess returns whether the first value should sort before the second
// value. It is used by valueSorter.Less as part of the sort.Interface
// implementation.
func valueSortLess(a, b reflect.Value) bool {
switch a.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return !a.Bool() && b.Bool()
case reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Int:
return a.Int() < b.Int()
case reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint:
return a.Uint() < b.Uint()
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
return a.Float() < b.Float()
case reflect.String:
return a.String() < b.String()
case reflect.Uintptr:
return a.Uint() < b.Uint()
case reflect.Array:
// Compare the contents of both arrays.
l := a.Len()
for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
av := a.Index(i)
bv := b.Index(i)
if av.Interface() == bv.Interface() {
continue
}
return valueSortLess(av, bv)
}
}
return a.String() < b.String()
}
// Less returns whether the value at index i should sort before the
// value at index j. It is part of the sort.Interface implementation.
func (s *valuesSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
if s.strings == nil {
return valueSortLess(s.values[i], s.values[j])
}
return s.strings[i] < s.strings[j]
}
// sortValues is a sort function that handles both native types and any type that
// can be converted to error or Stringer. Other inputs are sorted according to
// their Value.String() value to ensure display stability.
func sortValues(values []reflect.Value, cs *ConfigState) {
if len(values) == 0 {
return
}
sort.Sort(newValuesSorter(values, cs))
}

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@ -1,298 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew_test
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"testing"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
)
// custom type to test Stinger interface on non-pointer receiver.
type stringer string
// String implements the Stringer interface for testing invocation of custom
// stringers on types with non-pointer receivers.
func (s stringer) String() string {
return "stringer " + string(s)
}
// custom type to test Stinger interface on pointer receiver.
type pstringer string
// String implements the Stringer interface for testing invocation of custom
// stringers on types with only pointer receivers.
func (s *pstringer) String() string {
return "stringer " + string(*s)
}
// xref1 and xref2 are cross referencing structs for testing circular reference
// detection.
type xref1 struct {
ps2 *xref2
}
type xref2 struct {
ps1 *xref1
}
// indirCir1, indirCir2, and indirCir3 are used to generate an indirect circular
// reference for testing detection.
type indirCir1 struct {
ps2 *indirCir2
}
type indirCir2 struct {
ps3 *indirCir3
}
type indirCir3 struct {
ps1 *indirCir1
}
// embed is used to test embedded structures.
type embed struct {
a string
}
// embedwrap is used to test embedded structures.
type embedwrap struct {
*embed
e *embed
}
// panicer is used to intentionally cause a panic for testing spew properly
// handles them
type panicer int
func (p panicer) String() string {
panic("test panic")
}
// customError is used to test custom error interface invocation.
type customError int
func (e customError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("error: %d", int(e))
}
// stringizeWants converts a slice of wanted test output into a format suitable
// for a test error message.
func stringizeWants(wants []string) string {
s := ""
for i, want := range wants {
if i > 0 {
s += fmt.Sprintf("want%d: %s", i+1, want)
} else {
s += "want: " + want
}
}
return s
}
// testFailed returns whether or not a test failed by checking if the result
// of the test is in the slice of wanted strings.
func testFailed(result string, wants []string) bool {
for _, want := range wants {
if result == want {
return false
}
}
return true
}
type sortableStruct struct {
x int
}
func (ss sortableStruct) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("ss.%d", ss.x)
}
type unsortableStruct struct {
x int
}
type sortTestCase struct {
input []reflect.Value
expected []reflect.Value
}
func helpTestSortValues(tests []sortTestCase, cs *spew.ConfigState, t *testing.T) {
getInterfaces := func(values []reflect.Value) []interface{} {
interfaces := []interface{}{}
for _, v := range values {
interfaces = append(interfaces, v.Interface())
}
return interfaces
}
for _, test := range tests {
spew.SortValues(test.input, cs)
// reflect.DeepEqual cannot really make sense of reflect.Value,
// probably because of all the pointer tricks. For instance,
// v(2.0) != v(2.0) on a 32-bits system. Turn them into interface{}
// instead.
input := getInterfaces(test.input)
expected := getInterfaces(test.expected)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(input, expected) {
t.Errorf("Sort mismatch:\n %v != %v", input, expected)
}
}
}
// TestSortValues ensures the sort functionality for relect.Value based sorting
// works as intended.
func TestSortValues(t *testing.T) {
v := reflect.ValueOf
a := v("a")
b := v("b")
c := v("c")
embedA := v(embed{"a"})
embedB := v(embed{"b"})
embedC := v(embed{"c"})
tests := []sortTestCase{
// No values.
{
[]reflect.Value{},
[]reflect.Value{},
},
// Bools.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(false), v(true), v(false)},
[]reflect.Value{v(false), v(false), v(true)},
},
// Ints.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(2), v(1), v(3)},
[]reflect.Value{v(1), v(2), v(3)},
},
// Uints.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(uint8(2)), v(uint8(1)), v(uint8(3))},
[]reflect.Value{v(uint8(1)), v(uint8(2)), v(uint8(3))},
},
// Floats.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(2.0), v(1.0), v(3.0)},
[]reflect.Value{v(1.0), v(2.0), v(3.0)},
},
// Strings.
{
[]reflect.Value{b, a, c},
[]reflect.Value{a, b, c},
},
// Array
{
[]reflect.Value{v([3]int{3, 2, 1}), v([3]int{1, 3, 2}), v([3]int{1, 2, 3})},
[]reflect.Value{v([3]int{1, 2, 3}), v([3]int{1, 3, 2}), v([3]int{3, 2, 1})},
},
// Uintptrs.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(uintptr(2)), v(uintptr(1)), v(uintptr(3))},
[]reflect.Value{v(uintptr(1)), v(uintptr(2)), v(uintptr(3))},
},
// SortableStructs.
{
// Note: not sorted - DisableMethods is set.
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
},
// UnsortableStructs.
{
// Note: not sorted - SpewKeys is false.
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
},
// Invalid.
{
[]reflect.Value{embedB, embedA, embedC},
[]reflect.Value{embedB, embedA, embedC},
},
}
cs := spew.ConfigState{DisableMethods: true, SpewKeys: false}
helpTestSortValues(tests, &cs, t)
}
// TestSortValuesWithMethods ensures the sort functionality for relect.Value
// based sorting works as intended when using string methods.
func TestSortValuesWithMethods(t *testing.T) {
v := reflect.ValueOf
a := v("a")
b := v("b")
c := v("c")
tests := []sortTestCase{
// Ints.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(2), v(1), v(3)},
[]reflect.Value{v(1), v(2), v(3)},
},
// Strings.
{
[]reflect.Value{b, a, c},
[]reflect.Value{a, b, c},
},
// SortableStructs.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
},
// UnsortableStructs.
{
// Note: not sorted - SpewKeys is false.
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
},
}
cs := spew.ConfigState{DisableMethods: false, SpewKeys: false}
helpTestSortValues(tests, &cs, t)
}
// TestSortValuesWithSpew ensures the sort functionality for relect.Value
// based sorting works as intended when using spew to stringify keys.
func TestSortValuesWithSpew(t *testing.T) {
v := reflect.ValueOf
a := v("a")
b := v("b")
c := v("c")
tests := []sortTestCase{
// Ints.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(2), v(1), v(3)},
[]reflect.Value{v(1), v(2), v(3)},
},
// Strings.
{
[]reflect.Value{b, a, c},
[]reflect.Value{a, b, c},
},
// SortableStructs.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(sortableStruct{1}), v(sortableStruct{2}), v(sortableStruct{3})},
},
// UnsortableStructs.
{
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
[]reflect.Value{v(unsortableStruct{1}), v(unsortableStruct{2}), v(unsortableStruct{3})},
},
}
cs := spew.ConfigState{DisableMethods: true, SpewKeys: true}
helpTestSortValues(tests, &cs, t)
}

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@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
)
// ConfigState houses the configuration options used by spew to format and
// display values. There is a global instance, Config, that is used to control
// all top-level Formatter and Dump functionality. Each ConfigState instance
// provides methods equivalent to the top-level functions.
//
// The zero value for ConfigState provides no indentation. You would typically
// want to set it to a space or a tab.
//
// Alternatively, you can use NewDefaultConfig to get a ConfigState instance
// with default settings. See the documentation of NewDefaultConfig for default
// values.
type ConfigState struct {
// Indent specifies the string to use for each indentation level. The
// global config instance that all top-level functions use set this to a
// single space by default. If you would like more indentation, you might
// set this to a tab with "\t" or perhaps two spaces with " ".
Indent string
// MaxDepth controls the maximum number of levels to descend into nested
// data structures. The default, 0, means there is no limit.
//
// NOTE: Circular data structures are properly detected, so it is not
// necessary to set this value unless you specifically want to limit deeply
// nested data structures.
MaxDepth int
// DisableMethods specifies whether or not error and Stringer interfaces are
// invoked for types that implement them.
DisableMethods bool
// DisablePointerMethods specifies whether or not to check for and invoke
// error and Stringer interfaces on types which only accept a pointer
// receiver when the current type is not a pointer.
//
// NOTE: This might be an unsafe action since calling one of these methods
// with a pointer receiver could technically mutate the value, however,
// in practice, types which choose to satisify an error or Stringer
// interface with a pointer receiver should not be mutating their state
// inside these interface methods. As a result, this option relies on
// access to the unsafe package, so it will not have any effect when
// running in environments without access to the unsafe package such as
// Google App Engine or with the "safe" build tag specified.
DisablePointerMethods bool
// DisablePointerAddresses specifies whether to disable the printing of
// pointer addresses. This is useful when diffing data structures in tests.
DisablePointerAddresses bool
// DisableCapacities specifies whether to disable the printing of capacities
// for arrays, slices, maps and channels. This is useful when diffing
// data structures in tests.
DisableCapacities bool
// ContinueOnMethod specifies whether or not recursion should continue once
// a custom error or Stringer interface is invoked. The default, false,
// means it will print the results of invoking the custom error or Stringer
// interface and return immediately instead of continuing to recurse into
// the internals of the data type.
//
// NOTE: This flag does not have any effect if method invocation is disabled
// via the DisableMethods or DisablePointerMethods options.
ContinueOnMethod bool
// SortKeys specifies map keys should be sorted before being printed. Use
// this to have a more deterministic, diffable output. Note that only
// native types (bool, int, uint, floats, uintptr and string) and types
// that support the error or Stringer interfaces (if methods are
// enabled) are supported, with other types sorted according to the
// reflect.Value.String() output which guarantees display stability.
SortKeys bool
// SpewKeys specifies that, as a last resort attempt, map keys should
// be spewed to strings and sorted by those strings. This is only
// considered if SortKeys is true.
SpewKeys bool
}
// Config is the active configuration of the top-level functions.
// The configuration can be changed by modifying the contents of spew.Config.
var Config = ConfigState{Indent: " "}
// Errorf is a wrapper for fmt.Errorf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the formatted string as a value that satisfies error. See NewFormatter
// for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Errorf(format, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) (err error) {
return fmt.Errorf(format, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprint is a wrapper for fmt.Fprint that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprint(w, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Fprint(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprint(w, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprintf is a wrapper for fmt.Fprintf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprintf(w, format, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Fprintf(w io.Writer, format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprintf(w, format, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprintln is a wrapper for fmt.Fprintln that treats each argument as if it
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprintln(w, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Fprintln(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprintln(w, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Print is a wrapper for fmt.Print that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Print(c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Print(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Print(c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Printf is a wrapper for fmt.Printf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Printf(format, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Printf(format, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Println is a wrapper for fmt.Println that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Println(c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Println(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Println(c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprint is a wrapper for fmt.Sprint that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprint(c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Sprint(a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprint(c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprintf is a wrapper for fmt.Sprintf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It returns
// the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprintf(format, c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Sprintf(format string, a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintf(format, c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprintln is a wrapper for fmt.Sprintln that treats each argument as if it
// were passed with a Formatter interface returned by c.NewFormatter. It
// returns the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprintln(c.NewFormatter(a), c.NewFormatter(b))
func (c *ConfigState) Sprintln(a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintln(c.convertArgs(a)...)
}
/*
NewFormatter returns a custom formatter that satisfies the fmt.Formatter
interface. As a result, it integrates cleanly with standard fmt package
printing functions. The formatter is useful for inline printing of smaller data
types similar to the standard %v format specifier.
The custom formatter only responds to the %v (most compact), %+v (adds pointer
addresses), %#v (adds types), and %#+v (adds types and pointer addresses) verb
combinations. Any other verbs such as %x and %q will be sent to the the
standard fmt package for formatting. In addition, the custom formatter ignores
the width and precision arguments (however they will still work on the format
specifiers not handled by the custom formatter).
Typically this function shouldn't be called directly. It is much easier to make
use of the custom formatter by calling one of the convenience functions such as
c.Printf, c.Println, or c.Printf.
*/
func (c *ConfigState) NewFormatter(v interface{}) fmt.Formatter {
return newFormatter(c, v)
}
// Fdump formats and displays the passed arguments to io.Writer w. It formats
// exactly the same as Dump.
func (c *ConfigState) Fdump(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) {
fdump(c, w, a...)
}
/*
Dump displays the passed parameters to standard out with newlines, customizable
indentation, and additional debug information such as complete types and all
pointer addresses used to indirect to the final value. It provides the
following features over the built-in printing facilities provided by the fmt
package:
* Pointers are dereferenced and followed
* Circular data structures are detected and handled properly
* Custom Stringer/error interfaces are optionally invoked, including
on unexported types
* Custom types which only implement the Stringer/error interfaces via
a pointer receiver are optionally invoked when passing non-pointer
variables
* Byte arrays and slices are dumped like the hexdump -C command which
includes offsets, byte values in hex, and ASCII output
The configuration options are controlled by modifying the public members
of c. See ConfigState for options documentation.
See Fdump if you would prefer dumping to an arbitrary io.Writer or Sdump to
get the formatted result as a string.
*/
func (c *ConfigState) Dump(a ...interface{}) {
fdump(c, os.Stdout, a...)
}
// Sdump returns a string with the passed arguments formatted exactly the same
// as Dump.
func (c *ConfigState) Sdump(a ...interface{}) string {
var buf bytes.Buffer
fdump(c, &buf, a...)
return buf.String()
}
// convertArgs accepts a slice of arguments and returns a slice of the same
// length with each argument converted to a spew Formatter interface using
// the ConfigState associated with s.
func (c *ConfigState) convertArgs(args []interface{}) (formatters []interface{}) {
formatters = make([]interface{}, len(args))
for index, arg := range args {
formatters[index] = newFormatter(c, arg)
}
return formatters
}
// NewDefaultConfig returns a ConfigState with the following default settings.
//
// Indent: " "
// MaxDepth: 0
// DisableMethods: false
// DisablePointerMethods: false
// ContinueOnMethod: false
// SortKeys: false
func NewDefaultConfig() *ConfigState {
return &ConfigState{Indent: " "}
}

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@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
Package spew implements a deep pretty printer for Go data structures to aid in
debugging.
A quick overview of the additional features spew provides over the built-in
printing facilities for Go data types are as follows:
* Pointers are dereferenced and followed
* Circular data structures are detected and handled properly
* Custom Stringer/error interfaces are optionally invoked, including
on unexported types
* Custom types which only implement the Stringer/error interfaces via
a pointer receiver are optionally invoked when passing non-pointer
variables
* Byte arrays and slices are dumped like the hexdump -C command which
includes offsets, byte values in hex, and ASCII output (only when using
Dump style)
There are two different approaches spew allows for dumping Go data structures:
* Dump style which prints with newlines, customizable indentation,
and additional debug information such as types and all pointer addresses
used to indirect to the final value
* A custom Formatter interface that integrates cleanly with the standard fmt
package and replaces %v, %+v, %#v, and %#+v to provide inline printing
similar to the default %v while providing the additional functionality
outlined above and passing unsupported format verbs such as %x and %q
along to fmt
Quick Start
This section demonstrates how to quickly get started with spew. See the
sections below for further details on formatting and configuration options.
To dump a variable with full newlines, indentation, type, and pointer
information use Dump, Fdump, or Sdump:
spew.Dump(myVar1, myVar2, ...)
spew.Fdump(someWriter, myVar1, myVar2, ...)
str := spew.Sdump(myVar1, myVar2, ...)
Alternatively, if you would prefer to use format strings with a compacted inline
printing style, use the convenience wrappers Printf, Fprintf, etc with
%v (most compact), %+v (adds pointer addresses), %#v (adds types), or
%#+v (adds types and pointer addresses):
spew.Printf("myVar1: %v -- myVar2: %+v", myVar1, myVar2)
spew.Printf("myVar3: %#v -- myVar4: %#+v", myVar3, myVar4)
spew.Fprintf(someWriter, "myVar1: %v -- myVar2: %+v", myVar1, myVar2)
spew.Fprintf(someWriter, "myVar3: %#v -- myVar4: %#+v", myVar3, myVar4)
Configuration Options
Configuration of spew is handled by fields in the ConfigState type. For
convenience, all of the top-level functions use a global state available
via the spew.Config global.
It is also possible to create a ConfigState instance that provides methods
equivalent to the top-level functions. This allows concurrent configuration
options. See the ConfigState documentation for more details.
The following configuration options are available:
* Indent
String to use for each indentation level for Dump functions.
It is a single space by default. A popular alternative is "\t".
* MaxDepth
Maximum number of levels to descend into nested data structures.
There is no limit by default.
* DisableMethods
Disables invocation of error and Stringer interface methods.
Method invocation is enabled by default.
* DisablePointerMethods
Disables invocation of error and Stringer interface methods on types
which only accept pointer receivers from non-pointer variables.
Pointer method invocation is enabled by default.
* DisablePointerAddresses
DisablePointerAddresses specifies whether to disable the printing of
pointer addresses. This is useful when diffing data structures in tests.
* DisableCapacities
DisableCapacities specifies whether to disable the printing of
capacities for arrays, slices, maps and channels. This is useful when
diffing data structures in tests.
* ContinueOnMethod
Enables recursion into types after invoking error and Stringer interface
methods. Recursion after method invocation is disabled by default.
* SortKeys
Specifies map keys should be sorted before being printed. Use
this to have a more deterministic, diffable output. Note that
only native types (bool, int, uint, floats, uintptr and string)
and types which implement error or Stringer interfaces are
supported with other types sorted according to the
reflect.Value.String() output which guarantees display
stability. Natural map order is used by default.
* SpewKeys
Specifies that, as a last resort attempt, map keys should be
spewed to strings and sorted by those strings. This is only
considered if SortKeys is true.
Dump Usage
Simply call spew.Dump with a list of variables you want to dump:
spew.Dump(myVar1, myVar2, ...)
You may also call spew.Fdump if you would prefer to output to an arbitrary
io.Writer. For example, to dump to standard error:
spew.Fdump(os.Stderr, myVar1, myVar2, ...)
A third option is to call spew.Sdump to get the formatted output as a string:
str := spew.Sdump(myVar1, myVar2, ...)
Sample Dump Output
See the Dump example for details on the setup of the types and variables being
shown here.
(main.Foo) {
unexportedField: (*main.Bar)(0xf84002e210)({
flag: (main.Flag) flagTwo,
data: (uintptr) <nil>
}),
ExportedField: (map[interface {}]interface {}) (len=1) {
(string) (len=3) "one": (bool) true
}
}
Byte (and uint8) arrays and slices are displayed uniquely like the hexdump -C
command as shown.
([]uint8) (len=32 cap=32) {
00000000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 20 |............... |
00000010 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 30 |!"#$%&'()*+,-./0|
00000020 31 32 |12|
}
Custom Formatter
Spew provides a custom formatter that implements the fmt.Formatter interface
so that it integrates cleanly with standard fmt package printing functions. The
formatter is useful for inline printing of smaller data types similar to the
standard %v format specifier.
The custom formatter only responds to the %v (most compact), %+v (adds pointer
addresses), %#v (adds types), or %#+v (adds types and pointer addresses) verb
combinations. Any other verbs such as %x and %q will be sent to the the
standard fmt package for formatting. In addition, the custom formatter ignores
the width and precision arguments (however they will still work on the format
specifiers not handled by the custom formatter).
Custom Formatter Usage
The simplest way to make use of the spew custom formatter is to call one of the
convenience functions such as spew.Printf, spew.Println, or spew.Printf. The
functions have syntax you are most likely already familiar with:
spew.Printf("myVar1: %v -- myVar2: %+v", myVar1, myVar2)
spew.Printf("myVar3: %#v -- myVar4: %#+v", myVar3, myVar4)
spew.Println(myVar, myVar2)
spew.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "myVar1: %v -- myVar2: %+v", myVar1, myVar2)
spew.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "myVar3: %#v -- myVar4: %#+v", myVar3, myVar4)
See the Index for the full list convenience functions.
Sample Formatter Output
Double pointer to a uint8:
%v: <**>5
%+v: <**>(0xf8400420d0->0xf8400420c8)5
%#v: (**uint8)5
%#+v: (**uint8)(0xf8400420d0->0xf8400420c8)5
Pointer to circular struct with a uint8 field and a pointer to itself:
%v: <*>{1 <*><shown>}
%+v: <*>(0xf84003e260){ui8:1 c:<*>(0xf84003e260)<shown>}
%#v: (*main.circular){ui8:(uint8)1 c:(*main.circular)<shown>}
%#+v: (*main.circular)(0xf84003e260){ui8:(uint8)1 c:(*main.circular)(0xf84003e260)<shown>}
See the Printf example for details on the setup of variables being shown
here.
Errors
Since it is possible for custom Stringer/error interfaces to panic, spew
detects them and handles them internally by printing the panic information
inline with the output. Since spew is intended to provide deep pretty printing
capabilities on structures, it intentionally does not return any errors.
*/
package spew

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@ -1,509 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"reflect"
"regexp"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
var (
// uint8Type is a reflect.Type representing a uint8. It is used to
// convert cgo types to uint8 slices for hexdumping.
uint8Type = reflect.TypeOf(uint8(0))
// cCharRE is a regular expression that matches a cgo char.
// It is used to detect character arrays to hexdump them.
cCharRE = regexp.MustCompile("^.*\\._Ctype_char$")
// cUnsignedCharRE is a regular expression that matches a cgo unsigned
// char. It is used to detect unsigned character arrays to hexdump
// them.
cUnsignedCharRE = regexp.MustCompile("^.*\\._Ctype_unsignedchar$")
// cUint8tCharRE is a regular expression that matches a cgo uint8_t.
// It is used to detect uint8_t arrays to hexdump them.
cUint8tCharRE = regexp.MustCompile("^.*\\._Ctype_uint8_t$")
)
// dumpState contains information about the state of a dump operation.
type dumpState struct {
w io.Writer
depth int
pointers map[uintptr]int
ignoreNextType bool
ignoreNextIndent bool
cs *ConfigState
}
// indent performs indentation according to the depth level and cs.Indent
// option.
func (d *dumpState) indent() {
if d.ignoreNextIndent {
d.ignoreNextIndent = false
return
}
d.w.Write(bytes.Repeat([]byte(d.cs.Indent), d.depth))
}
// unpackValue returns values inside of non-nil interfaces when possible.
// This is useful for data types like structs, arrays, slices, and maps which
// can contain varying types packed inside an interface.
func (d *dumpState) unpackValue(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface && !v.IsNil() {
v = v.Elem()
}
return v
}
// dumpPtr handles formatting of pointers by indirecting them as necessary.
func (d *dumpState) dumpPtr(v reflect.Value) {
// Remove pointers at or below the current depth from map used to detect
// circular refs.
for k, depth := range d.pointers {
if depth >= d.depth {
delete(d.pointers, k)
}
}
// Keep list of all dereferenced pointers to show later.
pointerChain := make([]uintptr, 0)
// Figure out how many levels of indirection there are by dereferencing
// pointers and unpacking interfaces down the chain while detecting circular
// references.
nilFound := false
cycleFound := false
indirects := 0
ve := v
for ve.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
if ve.IsNil() {
nilFound = true
break
}
indirects++
addr := ve.Pointer()
pointerChain = append(pointerChain, addr)
if pd, ok := d.pointers[addr]; ok && pd < d.depth {
cycleFound = true
indirects--
break
}
d.pointers[addr] = d.depth
ve = ve.Elem()
if ve.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
if ve.IsNil() {
nilFound = true
break
}
ve = ve.Elem()
}
}
// Display type information.
d.w.Write(openParenBytes)
d.w.Write(bytes.Repeat(asteriskBytes, indirects))
d.w.Write([]byte(ve.Type().String()))
d.w.Write(closeParenBytes)
// Display pointer information.
if !d.cs.DisablePointerAddresses && len(pointerChain) > 0 {
d.w.Write(openParenBytes)
for i, addr := range pointerChain {
if i > 0 {
d.w.Write(pointerChainBytes)
}
printHexPtr(d.w, addr)
}
d.w.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
// Display dereferenced value.
d.w.Write(openParenBytes)
switch {
case nilFound == true:
d.w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
case cycleFound == true:
d.w.Write(circularBytes)
default:
d.ignoreNextType = true
d.dump(ve)
}
d.w.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
// dumpSlice handles formatting of arrays and slices. Byte (uint8 under
// reflection) arrays and slices are dumped in hexdump -C fashion.
func (d *dumpState) dumpSlice(v reflect.Value) {
// Determine whether this type should be hex dumped or not. Also,
// for types which should be hexdumped, try to use the underlying data
// first, then fall back to trying to convert them to a uint8 slice.
var buf []uint8
doConvert := false
doHexDump := false
numEntries := v.Len()
if numEntries > 0 {
vt := v.Index(0).Type()
vts := vt.String()
switch {
// C types that need to be converted.
case cCharRE.MatchString(vts):
fallthrough
case cUnsignedCharRE.MatchString(vts):
fallthrough
case cUint8tCharRE.MatchString(vts):
doConvert = true
// Try to use existing uint8 slices and fall back to converting
// and copying if that fails.
case vt.Kind() == reflect.Uint8:
// We need an addressable interface to convert the type
// to a byte slice. However, the reflect package won't
// give us an interface on certain things like
// unexported struct fields in order to enforce
// visibility rules. We use unsafe, when available, to
// bypass these restrictions since this package does not
// mutate the values.
vs := v
if !vs.CanInterface() || !vs.CanAddr() {
vs = unsafeReflectValue(vs)
}
if !UnsafeDisabled {
vs = vs.Slice(0, numEntries)
// Use the existing uint8 slice if it can be
// type asserted.
iface := vs.Interface()
if slice, ok := iface.([]uint8); ok {
buf = slice
doHexDump = true
break
}
}
// The underlying data needs to be converted if it can't
// be type asserted to a uint8 slice.
doConvert = true
}
// Copy and convert the underlying type if needed.
if doConvert && vt.ConvertibleTo(uint8Type) {
// Convert and copy each element into a uint8 byte
// slice.
buf = make([]uint8, numEntries)
for i := 0; i < numEntries; i++ {
vv := v.Index(i)
buf[i] = uint8(vv.Convert(uint8Type).Uint())
}
doHexDump = true
}
}
// Hexdump the entire slice as needed.
if doHexDump {
indent := strings.Repeat(d.cs.Indent, d.depth)
str := indent + hex.Dump(buf)
str = strings.Replace(str, "\n", "\n"+indent, -1)
str = strings.TrimRight(str, d.cs.Indent)
d.w.Write([]byte(str))
return
}
// Recursively call dump for each item.
for i := 0; i < numEntries; i++ {
d.dump(d.unpackValue(v.Index(i)))
if i < (numEntries - 1) {
d.w.Write(commaNewlineBytes)
} else {
d.w.Write(newlineBytes)
}
}
}
// dump is the main workhorse for dumping a value. It uses the passed reflect
// value to figure out what kind of object we are dealing with and formats it
// appropriately. It is a recursive function, however circular data structures
// are detected and handled properly.
func (d *dumpState) dump(v reflect.Value) {
// Handle invalid reflect values immediately.
kind := v.Kind()
if kind == reflect.Invalid {
d.w.Write(invalidAngleBytes)
return
}
// Handle pointers specially.
if kind == reflect.Ptr {
d.indent()
d.dumpPtr(v)
return
}
// Print type information unless already handled elsewhere.
if !d.ignoreNextType {
d.indent()
d.w.Write(openParenBytes)
d.w.Write([]byte(v.Type().String()))
d.w.Write(closeParenBytes)
d.w.Write(spaceBytes)
}
d.ignoreNextType = false
// Display length and capacity if the built-in len and cap functions
// work with the value's kind and the len/cap itself is non-zero.
valueLen, valueCap := 0, 0
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice, reflect.Chan:
valueLen, valueCap = v.Len(), v.Cap()
case reflect.Map, reflect.String:
valueLen = v.Len()
}
if valueLen != 0 || !d.cs.DisableCapacities && valueCap != 0 {
d.w.Write(openParenBytes)
if valueLen != 0 {
d.w.Write(lenEqualsBytes)
printInt(d.w, int64(valueLen), 10)
}
if !d.cs.DisableCapacities && valueCap != 0 {
if valueLen != 0 {
d.w.Write(spaceBytes)
}
d.w.Write(capEqualsBytes)
printInt(d.w, int64(valueCap), 10)
}
d.w.Write(closeParenBytes)
d.w.Write(spaceBytes)
}
// Call Stringer/error interfaces if they exist and the handle methods flag
// is enabled
if !d.cs.DisableMethods {
if (kind != reflect.Invalid) && (kind != reflect.Interface) {
if handled := handleMethods(d.cs, d.w, v); handled {
return
}
}
}
switch kind {
case reflect.Invalid:
// Do nothing. We should never get here since invalid has already
// been handled above.
case reflect.Bool:
printBool(d.w, v.Bool())
case reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Int:
printInt(d.w, v.Int(), 10)
case reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint:
printUint(d.w, v.Uint(), 10)
case reflect.Float32:
printFloat(d.w, v.Float(), 32)
case reflect.Float64:
printFloat(d.w, v.Float(), 64)
case reflect.Complex64:
printComplex(d.w, v.Complex(), 32)
case reflect.Complex128:
printComplex(d.w, v.Complex(), 64)
case reflect.Slice:
if v.IsNil() {
d.w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
break
}
fallthrough
case reflect.Array:
d.w.Write(openBraceNewlineBytes)
d.depth++
if (d.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (d.depth > d.cs.MaxDepth) {
d.indent()
d.w.Write(maxNewlineBytes)
} else {
d.dumpSlice(v)
}
d.depth--
d.indent()
d.w.Write(closeBraceBytes)
case reflect.String:
d.w.Write([]byte(strconv.Quote(v.String())))
case reflect.Interface:
// The only time we should get here is for nil interfaces due to
// unpackValue calls.
if v.IsNil() {
d.w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
}
case reflect.Ptr:
// Do nothing. We should never get here since pointers have already
// been handled above.
case reflect.Map:
// nil maps should be indicated as different than empty maps
if v.IsNil() {
d.w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
break
}
d.w.Write(openBraceNewlineBytes)
d.depth++
if (d.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (d.depth > d.cs.MaxDepth) {
d.indent()
d.w.Write(maxNewlineBytes)
} else {
numEntries := v.Len()
keys := v.MapKeys()
if d.cs.SortKeys {
sortValues(keys, d.cs)
}
for i, key := range keys {
d.dump(d.unpackValue(key))
d.w.Write(colonSpaceBytes)
d.ignoreNextIndent = true
d.dump(d.unpackValue(v.MapIndex(key)))
if i < (numEntries - 1) {
d.w.Write(commaNewlineBytes)
} else {
d.w.Write(newlineBytes)
}
}
}
d.depth--
d.indent()
d.w.Write(closeBraceBytes)
case reflect.Struct:
d.w.Write(openBraceNewlineBytes)
d.depth++
if (d.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (d.depth > d.cs.MaxDepth) {
d.indent()
d.w.Write(maxNewlineBytes)
} else {
vt := v.Type()
numFields := v.NumField()
for i := 0; i < numFields; i++ {
d.indent()
vtf := vt.Field(i)
d.w.Write([]byte(vtf.Name))
d.w.Write(colonSpaceBytes)
d.ignoreNextIndent = true
d.dump(d.unpackValue(v.Field(i)))
if i < (numFields - 1) {
d.w.Write(commaNewlineBytes)
} else {
d.w.Write(newlineBytes)
}
}
}
d.depth--
d.indent()
d.w.Write(closeBraceBytes)
case reflect.Uintptr:
printHexPtr(d.w, uintptr(v.Uint()))
case reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
printHexPtr(d.w, v.Pointer())
// There were not any other types at the time this code was written, but
// fall back to letting the default fmt package handle it in case any new
// types are added.
default:
if v.CanInterface() {
fmt.Fprintf(d.w, "%v", v.Interface())
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(d.w, "%v", v.String())
}
}
}
// fdump is a helper function to consolidate the logic from the various public
// methods which take varying writers and config states.
func fdump(cs *ConfigState, w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) {
for _, arg := range a {
if arg == nil {
w.Write(interfaceBytes)
w.Write(spaceBytes)
w.Write(nilAngleBytes)
w.Write(newlineBytes)
continue
}
d := dumpState{w: w, cs: cs}
d.pointers = make(map[uintptr]int)
d.dump(reflect.ValueOf(arg))
d.w.Write(newlineBytes)
}
}
// Fdump formats and displays the passed arguments to io.Writer w. It formats
// exactly the same as Dump.
func Fdump(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) {
fdump(&Config, w, a...)
}
// Sdump returns a string with the passed arguments formatted exactly the same
// as Dump.
func Sdump(a ...interface{}) string {
var buf bytes.Buffer
fdump(&Config, &buf, a...)
return buf.String()
}
/*
Dump displays the passed parameters to standard out with newlines, customizable
indentation, and additional debug information such as complete types and all
pointer addresses used to indirect to the final value. It provides the
following features over the built-in printing facilities provided by the fmt
package:
* Pointers are dereferenced and followed
* Circular data structures are detected and handled properly
* Custom Stringer/error interfaces are optionally invoked, including
on unexported types
* Custom types which only implement the Stringer/error interfaces via
a pointer receiver are optionally invoked when passing non-pointer
variables
* Byte arrays and slices are dumped like the hexdump -C command which
includes offsets, byte values in hex, and ASCII output
The configuration options are controlled by an exported package global,
spew.Config. See ConfigState for options documentation.
See Fdump if you would prefer dumping to an arbitrary io.Writer or Sdump to
get the formatted result as a string.
*/
func Dump(a ...interface{}) {
fdump(&Config, os.Stdout, a...)
}

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@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when both cgo is supported and "-tags testcgo" is added to the go test
// command line. This means the cgo tests are only added (and hence run) when
// specifially requested. This configuration is used because spew itself
// does not require cgo to run even though it does handle certain cgo types
// specially. Rather than forcing all clients to require cgo and an external
// C compiler just to run the tests, this scheme makes them optional.
// +build cgo,testcgo
package spew_test
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew/testdata"
)
func addCgoDumpTests() {
// C char pointer.
v := testdata.GetCgoCharPointer()
nv := testdata.GetCgoNullCharPointer()
pv := &v
vcAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%p", v)
vAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%p", pv)
pvAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%p", &pv)
vt := "*testdata._Ctype_char"
vs := "116"
addDumpTest(v, "("+vt+")("+vcAddr+")("+vs+")\n")
addDumpTest(pv, "(*"+vt+")("+vAddr+"->"+vcAddr+")("+vs+")\n")
addDumpTest(&pv, "(**"+vt+")("+pvAddr+"->"+vAddr+"->"+vcAddr+")("+vs+")\n")
addDumpTest(nv, "("+vt+")(<nil>)\n")
// C char array.
v2, v2l, v2c := testdata.GetCgoCharArray()
v2Len := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v2l)
v2Cap := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v2c)
v2t := "[6]testdata._Ctype_char"
v2s := "(len=" + v2Len + " cap=" + v2Cap + ") " +
"{\n 00000000 74 65 73 74 32 00 " +
" |test2.|\n}"
addDumpTest(v2, "("+v2t+") "+v2s+"\n")
// C unsigned char array.
v3, v3l, v3c := testdata.GetCgoUnsignedCharArray()
v3Len := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v3l)
v3Cap := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v3c)
v3t := "[6]testdata._Ctype_unsignedchar"
v3t2 := "[6]testdata._Ctype_uchar"
v3s := "(len=" + v3Len + " cap=" + v3Cap + ") " +
"{\n 00000000 74 65 73 74 33 00 " +
" |test3.|\n}"
addDumpTest(v3, "("+v3t+") "+v3s+"\n", "("+v3t2+") "+v3s+"\n")
// C signed char array.
v4, v4l, v4c := testdata.GetCgoSignedCharArray()
v4Len := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v4l)
v4Cap := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v4c)
v4t := "[6]testdata._Ctype_schar"
v4t2 := "testdata._Ctype_schar"
v4s := "(len=" + v4Len + " cap=" + v4Cap + ") " +
"{\n (" + v4t2 + ") 116,\n (" + v4t2 + ") 101,\n (" + v4t2 +
") 115,\n (" + v4t2 + ") 116,\n (" + v4t2 + ") 52,\n (" + v4t2 +
") 0\n}"
addDumpTest(v4, "("+v4t+") "+v4s+"\n")
// C uint8_t array.
v5, v5l, v5c := testdata.GetCgoUint8tArray()
v5Len := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v5l)
v5Cap := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v5c)
v5t := "[6]testdata._Ctype_uint8_t"
v5s := "(len=" + v5Len + " cap=" + v5Cap + ") " +
"{\n 00000000 74 65 73 74 35 00 " +
" |test5.|\n}"
addDumpTest(v5, "("+v5t+") "+v5s+"\n")
// C typedefed unsigned char array.
v6, v6l, v6c := testdata.GetCgoTypdefedUnsignedCharArray()
v6Len := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v6l)
v6Cap := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v6c)
v6t := "[6]testdata._Ctype_custom_uchar_t"
v6s := "(len=" + v6Len + " cap=" + v6Cap + ") " +
"{\n 00000000 74 65 73 74 36 00 " +
" |test6.|\n}"
addDumpTest(v6, "("+v6t+") "+v6s+"\n")
}

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@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2013 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when either cgo is not supported or "-tags testcgo" is not added to the go
// test command line. This file intentionally does not setup any cgo tests in
// this scenario.
// +build !cgo !testcgo
package spew_test
func addCgoDumpTests() {
// Don't add any tests for cgo since this file is only compiled when
// there should not be any cgo tests.
}

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@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew_test
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
)
type Flag int
const (
flagOne Flag = iota
flagTwo
)
var flagStrings = map[Flag]string{
flagOne: "flagOne",
flagTwo: "flagTwo",
}
func (f Flag) String() string {
if s, ok := flagStrings[f]; ok {
return s
}
return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown flag (%d)", int(f))
}
type Bar struct {
data uintptr
}
type Foo struct {
unexportedField Bar
ExportedField map[interface{}]interface{}
}
// This example demonstrates how to use Dump to dump variables to stdout.
func ExampleDump() {
// The following package level declarations are assumed for this example:
/*
type Flag int
const (
flagOne Flag = iota
flagTwo
)
var flagStrings = map[Flag]string{
flagOne: "flagOne",
flagTwo: "flagTwo",
}
func (f Flag) String() string {
if s, ok := flagStrings[f]; ok {
return s
}
return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown flag (%d)", int(f))
}
type Bar struct {
data uintptr
}
type Foo struct {
unexportedField Bar
ExportedField map[interface{}]interface{}
}
*/
// Setup some sample data structures for the example.
bar := Bar{uintptr(0)}
s1 := Foo{bar, map[interface{}]interface{}{"one": true}}
f := Flag(5)
b := []byte{
0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20,
0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28,
0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x30,
0x31, 0x32,
}
// Dump!
spew.Dump(s1, f, b)
// Output:
// (spew_test.Foo) {
// unexportedField: (spew_test.Bar) {
// data: (uintptr) <nil>
// },
// ExportedField: (map[interface {}]interface {}) (len=1) {
// (string) (len=3) "one": (bool) true
// }
// }
// (spew_test.Flag) Unknown flag (5)
// ([]uint8) (len=34 cap=34) {
// 00000000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 20 |............... |
// 00000010 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 30 |!"#$%&'()*+,-./0|
// 00000020 31 32 |12|
// }
//
}
// This example demonstrates how to use Printf to display a variable with a
// format string and inline formatting.
func ExamplePrintf() {
// Create a double pointer to a uint 8.
ui8 := uint8(5)
pui8 := &ui8
ppui8 := &pui8
// Create a circular data type.
type circular struct {
ui8 uint8
c *circular
}
c := circular{ui8: 1}
c.c = &c
// Print!
spew.Printf("ppui8: %v\n", ppui8)
spew.Printf("circular: %v\n", c)
// Output:
// ppui8: <**>5
// circular: {1 <*>{1 <*><shown>}}
}
// This example demonstrates how to use a ConfigState.
func ExampleConfigState() {
// Modify the indent level of the ConfigState only. The global
// configuration is not modified.
scs := spew.ConfigState{Indent: "\t"}
// Output using the ConfigState instance.
v := map[string]int{"one": 1}
scs.Printf("v: %v\n", v)
scs.Dump(v)
// Output:
// v: map[one:1]
// (map[string]int) (len=1) {
// (string) (len=3) "one": (int) 1
// }
}
// This example demonstrates how to use ConfigState.Dump to dump variables to
// stdout
func ExampleConfigState_Dump() {
// See the top-level Dump example for details on the types used in this
// example.
// Create two ConfigState instances with different indentation.
scs := spew.ConfigState{Indent: "\t"}
scs2 := spew.ConfigState{Indent: " "}
// Setup some sample data structures for the example.
bar := Bar{uintptr(0)}
s1 := Foo{bar, map[interface{}]interface{}{"one": true}}
// Dump using the ConfigState instances.
scs.Dump(s1)
scs2.Dump(s1)
// Output:
// (spew_test.Foo) {
// unexportedField: (spew_test.Bar) {
// data: (uintptr) <nil>
// },
// ExportedField: (map[interface {}]interface {}) (len=1) {
// (string) (len=3) "one": (bool) true
// }
// }
// (spew_test.Foo) {
// unexportedField: (spew_test.Bar) {
// data: (uintptr) <nil>
// },
// ExportedField: (map[interface {}]interface {}) (len=1) {
// (string) (len=3) "one": (bool) true
// }
// }
//
}
// This example demonstrates how to use ConfigState.Printf to display a variable
// with a format string and inline formatting.
func ExampleConfigState_Printf() {
// See the top-level Dump example for details on the types used in this
// example.
// Create two ConfigState instances and modify the method handling of the
// first ConfigState only.
scs := spew.NewDefaultConfig()
scs2 := spew.NewDefaultConfig()
scs.DisableMethods = true
// Alternatively
// scs := spew.ConfigState{Indent: " ", DisableMethods: true}
// scs2 := spew.ConfigState{Indent: " "}
// This is of type Flag which implements a Stringer and has raw value 1.
f := flagTwo
// Dump using the ConfigState instances.
scs.Printf("f: %v\n", f)
scs2.Printf("f: %v\n", f)
// Output:
// f: 1
// f: flagTwo
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
// supportedFlags is a list of all the character flags supported by fmt package.
const supportedFlags = "0-+# "
// formatState implements the fmt.Formatter interface and contains information
// about the state of a formatting operation. The NewFormatter function can
// be used to get a new Formatter which can be used directly as arguments
// in standard fmt package printing calls.
type formatState struct {
value interface{}
fs fmt.State
depth int
pointers map[uintptr]int
ignoreNextType bool
cs *ConfigState
}
// buildDefaultFormat recreates the original format string without precision
// and width information to pass in to fmt.Sprintf in the case of an
// unrecognized type. Unless new types are added to the language, this
// function won't ever be called.
func (f *formatState) buildDefaultFormat() (format string) {
buf := bytes.NewBuffer(percentBytes)
for _, flag := range supportedFlags {
if f.fs.Flag(int(flag)) {
buf.WriteRune(flag)
}
}
buf.WriteRune('v')
format = buf.String()
return format
}
// constructOrigFormat recreates the original format string including precision
// and width information to pass along to the standard fmt package. This allows
// automatic deferral of all format strings this package doesn't support.
func (f *formatState) constructOrigFormat(verb rune) (format string) {
buf := bytes.NewBuffer(percentBytes)
for _, flag := range supportedFlags {
if f.fs.Flag(int(flag)) {
buf.WriteRune(flag)
}
}
if width, ok := f.fs.Width(); ok {
buf.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(width))
}
if precision, ok := f.fs.Precision(); ok {
buf.Write(precisionBytes)
buf.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(precision))
}
buf.WriteRune(verb)
format = buf.String()
return format
}
// unpackValue returns values inside of non-nil interfaces when possible and
// ensures that types for values which have been unpacked from an interface
// are displayed when the show types flag is also set.
// This is useful for data types like structs, arrays, slices, and maps which
// can contain varying types packed inside an interface.
func (f *formatState) unpackValue(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
f.ignoreNextType = false
if !v.IsNil() {
v = v.Elem()
}
}
return v
}
// formatPtr handles formatting of pointers by indirecting them as necessary.
func (f *formatState) formatPtr(v reflect.Value) {
// Display nil if top level pointer is nil.
showTypes := f.fs.Flag('#')
if v.IsNil() && (!showTypes || f.ignoreNextType) {
f.fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
return
}
// Remove pointers at or below the current depth from map used to detect
// circular refs.
for k, depth := range f.pointers {
if depth >= f.depth {
delete(f.pointers, k)
}
}
// Keep list of all dereferenced pointers to possibly show later.
pointerChain := make([]uintptr, 0)
// Figure out how many levels of indirection there are by derferencing
// pointers and unpacking interfaces down the chain while detecting circular
// references.
nilFound := false
cycleFound := false
indirects := 0
ve := v
for ve.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
if ve.IsNil() {
nilFound = true
break
}
indirects++
addr := ve.Pointer()
pointerChain = append(pointerChain, addr)
if pd, ok := f.pointers[addr]; ok && pd < f.depth {
cycleFound = true
indirects--
break
}
f.pointers[addr] = f.depth
ve = ve.Elem()
if ve.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
if ve.IsNil() {
nilFound = true
break
}
ve = ve.Elem()
}
}
// Display type or indirection level depending on flags.
if showTypes && !f.ignoreNextType {
f.fs.Write(openParenBytes)
f.fs.Write(bytes.Repeat(asteriskBytes, indirects))
f.fs.Write([]byte(ve.Type().String()))
f.fs.Write(closeParenBytes)
} else {
if nilFound || cycleFound {
indirects += strings.Count(ve.Type().String(), "*")
}
f.fs.Write(openAngleBytes)
f.fs.Write([]byte(strings.Repeat("*", indirects)))
f.fs.Write(closeAngleBytes)
}
// Display pointer information depending on flags.
if f.fs.Flag('+') && (len(pointerChain) > 0) {
f.fs.Write(openParenBytes)
for i, addr := range pointerChain {
if i > 0 {
f.fs.Write(pointerChainBytes)
}
printHexPtr(f.fs, addr)
}
f.fs.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
// Display dereferenced value.
switch {
case nilFound == true:
f.fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
case cycleFound == true:
f.fs.Write(circularShortBytes)
default:
f.ignoreNextType = true
f.format(ve)
}
}
// format is the main workhorse for providing the Formatter interface. It
// uses the passed reflect value to figure out what kind of object we are
// dealing with and formats it appropriately. It is a recursive function,
// however circular data structures are detected and handled properly.
func (f *formatState) format(v reflect.Value) {
// Handle invalid reflect values immediately.
kind := v.Kind()
if kind == reflect.Invalid {
f.fs.Write(invalidAngleBytes)
return
}
// Handle pointers specially.
if kind == reflect.Ptr {
f.formatPtr(v)
return
}
// Print type information unless already handled elsewhere.
if !f.ignoreNextType && f.fs.Flag('#') {
f.fs.Write(openParenBytes)
f.fs.Write([]byte(v.Type().String()))
f.fs.Write(closeParenBytes)
}
f.ignoreNextType = false
// Call Stringer/error interfaces if they exist and the handle methods
// flag is enabled.
if !f.cs.DisableMethods {
if (kind != reflect.Invalid) && (kind != reflect.Interface) {
if handled := handleMethods(f.cs, f.fs, v); handled {
return
}
}
}
switch kind {
case reflect.Invalid:
// Do nothing. We should never get here since invalid has already
// been handled above.
case reflect.Bool:
printBool(f.fs, v.Bool())
case reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Int:
printInt(f.fs, v.Int(), 10)
case reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint:
printUint(f.fs, v.Uint(), 10)
case reflect.Float32:
printFloat(f.fs, v.Float(), 32)
case reflect.Float64:
printFloat(f.fs, v.Float(), 64)
case reflect.Complex64:
printComplex(f.fs, v.Complex(), 32)
case reflect.Complex128:
printComplex(f.fs, v.Complex(), 64)
case reflect.Slice:
if v.IsNil() {
f.fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
break
}
fallthrough
case reflect.Array:
f.fs.Write(openBracketBytes)
f.depth++
if (f.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (f.depth > f.cs.MaxDepth) {
f.fs.Write(maxShortBytes)
} else {
numEntries := v.Len()
for i := 0; i < numEntries; i++ {
if i > 0 {
f.fs.Write(spaceBytes)
}
f.ignoreNextType = true
f.format(f.unpackValue(v.Index(i)))
}
}
f.depth--
f.fs.Write(closeBracketBytes)
case reflect.String:
f.fs.Write([]byte(v.String()))
case reflect.Interface:
// The only time we should get here is for nil interfaces due to
// unpackValue calls.
if v.IsNil() {
f.fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
}
case reflect.Ptr:
// Do nothing. We should never get here since pointers have already
// been handled above.
case reflect.Map:
// nil maps should be indicated as different than empty maps
if v.IsNil() {
f.fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
break
}
f.fs.Write(openMapBytes)
f.depth++
if (f.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (f.depth > f.cs.MaxDepth) {
f.fs.Write(maxShortBytes)
} else {
keys := v.MapKeys()
if f.cs.SortKeys {
sortValues(keys, f.cs)
}
for i, key := range keys {
if i > 0 {
f.fs.Write(spaceBytes)
}
f.ignoreNextType = true
f.format(f.unpackValue(key))
f.fs.Write(colonBytes)
f.ignoreNextType = true
f.format(f.unpackValue(v.MapIndex(key)))
}
}
f.depth--
f.fs.Write(closeMapBytes)
case reflect.Struct:
numFields := v.NumField()
f.fs.Write(openBraceBytes)
f.depth++
if (f.cs.MaxDepth != 0) && (f.depth > f.cs.MaxDepth) {
f.fs.Write(maxShortBytes)
} else {
vt := v.Type()
for i := 0; i < numFields; i++ {
if i > 0 {
f.fs.Write(spaceBytes)
}
vtf := vt.Field(i)
if f.fs.Flag('+') || f.fs.Flag('#') {
f.fs.Write([]byte(vtf.Name))
f.fs.Write(colonBytes)
}
f.format(f.unpackValue(v.Field(i)))
}
}
f.depth--
f.fs.Write(closeBraceBytes)
case reflect.Uintptr:
printHexPtr(f.fs, uintptr(v.Uint()))
case reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
printHexPtr(f.fs, v.Pointer())
// There were not any other types at the time this code was written, but
// fall back to letting the default fmt package handle it if any get added.
default:
format := f.buildDefaultFormat()
if v.CanInterface() {
fmt.Fprintf(f.fs, format, v.Interface())
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(f.fs, format, v.String())
}
}
}
// Format satisfies the fmt.Formatter interface. See NewFormatter for usage
// details.
func (f *formatState) Format(fs fmt.State, verb rune) {
f.fs = fs
// Use standard formatting for verbs that are not v.
if verb != 'v' {
format := f.constructOrigFormat(verb)
fmt.Fprintf(fs, format, f.value)
return
}
if f.value == nil {
if fs.Flag('#') {
fs.Write(interfaceBytes)
}
fs.Write(nilAngleBytes)
return
}
f.format(reflect.ValueOf(f.value))
}
// newFormatter is a helper function to consolidate the logic from the various
// public methods which take varying config states.
func newFormatter(cs *ConfigState, v interface{}) fmt.Formatter {
fs := &formatState{value: v, cs: cs}
fs.pointers = make(map[uintptr]int)
return fs
}
/*
NewFormatter returns a custom formatter that satisfies the fmt.Formatter
interface. As a result, it integrates cleanly with standard fmt package
printing functions. The formatter is useful for inline printing of smaller data
types similar to the standard %v format specifier.
The custom formatter only responds to the %v (most compact), %+v (adds pointer
addresses), %#v (adds types), or %#+v (adds types and pointer addresses) verb
combinations. Any other verbs such as %x and %q will be sent to the the
standard fmt package for formatting. In addition, the custom formatter ignores
the width and precision arguments (however they will still work on the format
specifiers not handled by the custom formatter).
Typically this function shouldn't be called directly. It is much easier to make
use of the custom formatter by calling one of the convenience functions such as
Printf, Println, or Fprintf.
*/
func NewFormatter(v interface{}) fmt.Formatter {
return newFormatter(&Config, v)
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
This test file is part of the spew package rather than than the spew_test
package because it needs access to internals to properly test certain cases
which are not possible via the public interface since they should never happen.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
// dummyFmtState implements a fake fmt.State to use for testing invalid
// reflect.Value handling. This is necessary because the fmt package catches
// invalid values before invoking the formatter on them.
type dummyFmtState struct {
bytes.Buffer
}
func (dfs *dummyFmtState) Flag(f int) bool {
if f == int('+') {
return true
}
return false
}
func (dfs *dummyFmtState) Precision() (int, bool) {
return 0, false
}
func (dfs *dummyFmtState) Width() (int, bool) {
return 0, false
}
// TestInvalidReflectValue ensures the dump and formatter code handles an
// invalid reflect value properly. This needs access to internal state since it
// should never happen in real code and therefore can't be tested via the public
// API.
func TestInvalidReflectValue(t *testing.T) {
i := 1
// Dump invalid reflect value.
v := new(reflect.Value)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
d := dumpState{w: buf, cs: &Config}
d.dump(*v)
s := buf.String()
want := "<invalid>"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("InvalidReflectValue #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
i++
// Formatter invalid reflect value.
buf2 := new(dummyFmtState)
f := formatState{value: *v, cs: &Config, fs: buf2}
f.format(*v)
s = buf2.String()
want = "<invalid>"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("InvalidReflectValue #%d got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
}
// SortValues makes the internal sortValues function available to the test
// package.
func SortValues(values []reflect.Value, cs *ConfigState) {
sortValues(values, cs)
}

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@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when the code is not running on Google App Engine, compiled by GopherJS, and
// "-tags safe" is not added to the go build command line. The "disableunsafe"
// tag is deprecated and thus should not be used.
// +build !js,!appengine,!safe,!disableunsafe
/*
This test file is part of the spew package rather than than the spew_test
package because it needs access to internals to properly test certain cases
which are not possible via the public interface since they should never happen.
*/
package spew
import (
"bytes"
"reflect"
"testing"
"unsafe"
)
// changeKind uses unsafe to intentionally change the kind of a reflect.Value to
// the maximum kind value which does not exist. This is needed to test the
// fallback code which punts to the standard fmt library for new types that
// might get added to the language.
func changeKind(v *reflect.Value, readOnly bool) {
rvf := (*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(v)) + offsetFlag))
*rvf = *rvf | ((1<<flagKindWidth - 1) << flagKindShift)
if readOnly {
*rvf |= flagRO
} else {
*rvf &= ^uintptr(flagRO)
}
}
// TestAddedReflectValue tests functionaly of the dump and formatter code which
// falls back to the standard fmt library for new types that might get added to
// the language.
func TestAddedReflectValue(t *testing.T) {
i := 1
// Dump using a reflect.Value that is exported.
v := reflect.ValueOf(int8(5))
changeKind(&v, false)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
d := dumpState{w: buf, cs: &Config}
d.dump(v)
s := buf.String()
want := "(int8) 5"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("TestAddedReflectValue #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
i++
// Dump using a reflect.Value that is not exported.
changeKind(&v, true)
buf.Reset()
d.dump(v)
s = buf.String()
want = "(int8) <int8 Value>"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("TestAddedReflectValue #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
i++
// Formatter using a reflect.Value that is exported.
changeKind(&v, false)
buf2 := new(dummyFmtState)
f := formatState{value: v, cs: &Config, fs: buf2}
f.format(v)
s = buf2.String()
want = "5"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("TestAddedReflectValue #%d got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
i++
// Formatter using a reflect.Value that is not exported.
changeKind(&v, true)
buf2.Reset()
f = formatState{value: v, cs: &Config, fs: buf2}
f.format(v)
s = buf2.String()
want = "<int8 Value>"
if s != want {
t.Errorf("TestAddedReflectValue #%d got: %s want: %s", i, s, want)
}
}

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@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew
import (
"fmt"
"io"
)
// Errorf is a wrapper for fmt.Errorf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the formatted string as a value that satisfies error. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Errorf(format, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) (err error) {
return fmt.Errorf(format, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprint is a wrapper for fmt.Fprint that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprint(w, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Fprint(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprint(w, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprintf is a wrapper for fmt.Fprintf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprintf(w, format, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Fprintf(w io.Writer, format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprintf(w, format, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Fprintln is a wrapper for fmt.Fprintln that treats each argument as if it
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Fprintln(w, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Fprintln(w io.Writer, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Fprintln(w, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Print is a wrapper for fmt.Print that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Print(spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Print(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Print(convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Printf is a wrapper for fmt.Printf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Printf(format, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Printf(format, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Println is a wrapper for fmt.Println that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. See
// NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Println(spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Println(a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
return fmt.Println(convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprint is a wrapper for fmt.Sprint that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprint(spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Sprint(a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprint(convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprintf is a wrapper for fmt.Sprintf that treats each argument as if it were
// passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprintf(format, spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Sprintf(format string, a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintf(format, convertArgs(a)...)
}
// Sprintln is a wrapper for fmt.Sprintln that treats each argument as if it
// were passed with a default Formatter interface returned by NewFormatter. It
// returns the resulting string. See NewFormatter for formatting details.
//
// This function is shorthand for the following syntax:
//
// fmt.Sprintln(spew.NewFormatter(a), spew.NewFormatter(b))
func Sprintln(a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintln(convertArgs(a)...)
}
// convertArgs accepts a slice of arguments and returns a slice of the same
// length with each argument converted to a default spew Formatter interface.
func convertArgs(args []interface{}) (formatters []interface{}) {
formatters = make([]interface{}, len(args))
for index, arg := range args {
formatters[index] = NewFormatter(arg)
}
return formatters
}

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@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
package spew_test
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"testing"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
)
// spewFunc is used to identify which public function of the spew package or
// ConfigState a test applies to.
type spewFunc int
const (
fCSFdump spewFunc = iota
fCSFprint
fCSFprintf
fCSFprintln
fCSPrint
fCSPrintln
fCSSdump
fCSSprint
fCSSprintf
fCSSprintln
fCSErrorf
fCSNewFormatter
fErrorf
fFprint
fFprintln
fPrint
fPrintln
fSdump
fSprint
fSprintf
fSprintln
)
// Map of spewFunc values to names for pretty printing.
var spewFuncStrings = map[spewFunc]string{
fCSFdump: "ConfigState.Fdump",
fCSFprint: "ConfigState.Fprint",
fCSFprintf: "ConfigState.Fprintf",
fCSFprintln: "ConfigState.Fprintln",
fCSSdump: "ConfigState.Sdump",
fCSPrint: "ConfigState.Print",
fCSPrintln: "ConfigState.Println",
fCSSprint: "ConfigState.Sprint",
fCSSprintf: "ConfigState.Sprintf",
fCSSprintln: "ConfigState.Sprintln",
fCSErrorf: "ConfigState.Errorf",
fCSNewFormatter: "ConfigState.NewFormatter",
fErrorf: "spew.Errorf",
fFprint: "spew.Fprint",
fFprintln: "spew.Fprintln",
fPrint: "spew.Print",
fPrintln: "spew.Println",
fSdump: "spew.Sdump",
fSprint: "spew.Sprint",
fSprintf: "spew.Sprintf",
fSprintln: "spew.Sprintln",
}
func (f spewFunc) String() string {
if s, ok := spewFuncStrings[f]; ok {
return s
}
return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown spewFunc (%d)", int(f))
}
// spewTest is used to describe a test to be performed against the public
// functions of the spew package or ConfigState.
type spewTest struct {
cs *spew.ConfigState
f spewFunc
format string
in interface{}
want string
}
// spewTests houses the tests to be performed against the public functions of
// the spew package and ConfigState.
//
// These tests are only intended to ensure the public functions are exercised
// and are intentionally not exhaustive of types. The exhaustive type
// tests are handled in the dump and format tests.
var spewTests []spewTest
// redirStdout is a helper function to return the standard output from f as a
// byte slice.
func redirStdout(f func()) ([]byte, error) {
tempFile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "ss-test")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
fileName := tempFile.Name()
defer os.Remove(fileName) // Ignore error
origStdout := os.Stdout
os.Stdout = tempFile
f()
os.Stdout = origStdout
tempFile.Close()
return ioutil.ReadFile(fileName)
}
func initSpewTests() {
// Config states with various settings.
scsDefault := spew.NewDefaultConfig()
scsNoMethods := &spew.ConfigState{Indent: " ", DisableMethods: true}
scsNoPmethods := &spew.ConfigState{Indent: " ", DisablePointerMethods: true}
scsMaxDepth := &spew.ConfigState{Indent: " ", MaxDepth: 1}
scsContinue := &spew.ConfigState{Indent: " ", ContinueOnMethod: true}
scsNoPtrAddr := &spew.ConfigState{DisablePointerAddresses: true}
scsNoCap := &spew.ConfigState{DisableCapacities: true}
// Variables for tests on types which implement Stringer interface with and
// without a pointer receiver.
ts := stringer("test")
tps := pstringer("test")
type ptrTester struct {
s *struct{}
}
tptr := &ptrTester{s: &struct{}{}}
// depthTester is used to test max depth handling for structs, array, slices
// and maps.
type depthTester struct {
ic indirCir1
arr [1]string
slice []string
m map[string]int
}
dt := depthTester{indirCir1{nil}, [1]string{"arr"}, []string{"slice"},
map[string]int{"one": 1}}
// Variable for tests on types which implement error interface.
te := customError(10)
spewTests = []spewTest{
{scsDefault, fCSFdump, "", int8(127), "(int8) 127\n"},
{scsDefault, fCSFprint, "", int16(32767), "32767"},
{scsDefault, fCSFprintf, "%v", int32(2147483647), "2147483647"},
{scsDefault, fCSFprintln, "", int(2147483647), "2147483647\n"},
{scsDefault, fCSPrint, "", int64(9223372036854775807), "9223372036854775807"},
{scsDefault, fCSPrintln, "", uint8(255), "255\n"},
{scsDefault, fCSSdump, "", uint8(64), "(uint8) 64\n"},
{scsDefault, fCSSprint, "", complex(1, 2), "(1+2i)"},
{scsDefault, fCSSprintf, "%v", complex(float32(3), 4), "(3+4i)"},
{scsDefault, fCSSprintln, "", complex(float64(5), 6), "(5+6i)\n"},
{scsDefault, fCSErrorf, "%#v", uint16(65535), "(uint16)65535"},
{scsDefault, fCSNewFormatter, "%v", uint32(4294967295), "4294967295"},
{scsDefault, fErrorf, "%v", uint64(18446744073709551615), "18446744073709551615"},
{scsDefault, fFprint, "", float32(3.14), "3.14"},
{scsDefault, fFprintln, "", float64(6.28), "6.28\n"},
{scsDefault, fPrint, "", true, "true"},
{scsDefault, fPrintln, "", false, "false\n"},
{scsDefault, fSdump, "", complex(-10, -20), "(complex128) (-10-20i)\n"},
{scsDefault, fSprint, "", complex(-1, -2), "(-1-2i)"},
{scsDefault, fSprintf, "%v", complex(float32(-3), -4), "(-3-4i)"},
{scsDefault, fSprintln, "", complex(float64(-5), -6), "(-5-6i)\n"},
{scsNoMethods, fCSFprint, "", ts, "test"},
{scsNoMethods, fCSFprint, "", &ts, "<*>test"},
{scsNoMethods, fCSFprint, "", tps, "test"},
{scsNoMethods, fCSFprint, "", &tps, "<*>test"},
{scsNoPmethods, fCSFprint, "", ts, "stringer test"},
{scsNoPmethods, fCSFprint, "", &ts, "<*>stringer test"},
{scsNoPmethods, fCSFprint, "", tps, "test"},
{scsNoPmethods, fCSFprint, "", &tps, "<*>stringer test"},
{scsMaxDepth, fCSFprint, "", dt, "{{<max>} [<max>] [<max>] map[<max>]}"},
{scsMaxDepth, fCSFdump, "", dt, "(spew_test.depthTester) {\n" +
" ic: (spew_test.indirCir1) {\n <max depth reached>\n },\n" +
" arr: ([1]string) (len=1 cap=1) {\n <max depth reached>\n },\n" +
" slice: ([]string) (len=1 cap=1) {\n <max depth reached>\n },\n" +
" m: (map[string]int) (len=1) {\n <max depth reached>\n }\n}\n"},
{scsContinue, fCSFprint, "", ts, "(stringer test) test"},
{scsContinue, fCSFdump, "", ts, "(spew_test.stringer) " +
"(len=4) (stringer test) \"test\"\n"},
{scsContinue, fCSFprint, "", te, "(error: 10) 10"},
{scsContinue, fCSFdump, "", te, "(spew_test.customError) " +
"(error: 10) 10\n"},
{scsNoPtrAddr, fCSFprint, "", tptr, "<*>{<*>{}}"},
{scsNoPtrAddr, fCSSdump, "", tptr, "(*spew_test.ptrTester)({\ns: (*struct {})({\n})\n})\n"},
{scsNoCap, fCSSdump, "", make([]string, 0, 10), "([]string) {\n}\n"},
{scsNoCap, fCSSdump, "", make([]string, 1, 10), "([]string) (len=1) {\n(string) \"\"\n}\n"},
}
}
// TestSpew executes all of the tests described by spewTests.
func TestSpew(t *testing.T) {
initSpewTests()
t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(spewTests))
for i, test := range spewTests {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
switch test.f {
case fCSFdump:
test.cs.Fdump(buf, test.in)
case fCSFprint:
test.cs.Fprint(buf, test.in)
case fCSFprintf:
test.cs.Fprintf(buf, test.format, test.in)
case fCSFprintln:
test.cs.Fprintln(buf, test.in)
case fCSPrint:
b, err := redirStdout(func() { test.cs.Print(test.in) })
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("%v #%d %v", test.f, i, err)
continue
}
buf.Write(b)
case fCSPrintln:
b, err := redirStdout(func() { test.cs.Println(test.in) })
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("%v #%d %v", test.f, i, err)
continue
}
buf.Write(b)
case fCSSdump:
str := test.cs.Sdump(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fCSSprint:
str := test.cs.Sprint(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fCSSprintf:
str := test.cs.Sprintf(test.format, test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fCSSprintln:
str := test.cs.Sprintln(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fCSErrorf:
err := test.cs.Errorf(test.format, test.in)
buf.WriteString(err.Error())
case fCSNewFormatter:
fmt.Fprintf(buf, test.format, test.cs.NewFormatter(test.in))
case fErrorf:
err := spew.Errorf(test.format, test.in)
buf.WriteString(err.Error())
case fFprint:
spew.Fprint(buf, test.in)
case fFprintln:
spew.Fprintln(buf, test.in)
case fPrint:
b, err := redirStdout(func() { spew.Print(test.in) })
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("%v #%d %v", test.f, i, err)
continue
}
buf.Write(b)
case fPrintln:
b, err := redirStdout(func() { spew.Println(test.in) })
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("%v #%d %v", test.f, i, err)
continue
}
buf.Write(b)
case fSdump:
str := spew.Sdump(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fSprint:
str := spew.Sprint(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fSprintf:
str := spew.Sprintf(test.format, test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
case fSprintln:
str := spew.Sprintln(test.in)
buf.WriteString(str)
default:
t.Errorf("%v #%d unrecognized function", test.f, i)
continue
}
s := buf.String()
if test.want != s {
t.Errorf("ConfigState #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i, s, test.want)
continue
}
}
}

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@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2013 Dave Collins <dave@davec.name>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
// NOTE: Due to the following build constraints, this file will only be compiled
// when both cgo is supported and "-tags testcgo" is added to the go test
// command line. This code should really only be in the dumpcgo_test.go file,
// but unfortunately Go will not allow cgo in test files, so this is a
// workaround to allow cgo types to be tested. This configuration is used
// because spew itself does not require cgo to run even though it does handle
// certain cgo types specially. Rather than forcing all clients to require cgo
// and an external C compiler just to run the tests, this scheme makes them
// optional.
// +build cgo,testcgo
package testdata
/*
#include <stdint.h>
typedef unsigned char custom_uchar_t;
char *ncp = 0;
char *cp = "test";
char ca[6] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '2', '\0'};
unsigned char uca[6] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '3', '\0'};
signed char sca[6] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '4', '\0'};
uint8_t ui8ta[6] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '5', '\0'};
custom_uchar_t tuca[6] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', '6', '\0'};
*/
import "C"
// GetCgoNullCharPointer returns a null char pointer via cgo. This is only
// used for tests.
func GetCgoNullCharPointer() interface{} {
return C.ncp
}
// GetCgoCharPointer returns a char pointer via cgo. This is only used for
// tests.
func GetCgoCharPointer() interface{} {
return C.cp
}
// GetCgoCharArray returns a char array via cgo and the array's len and cap.
// This is only used for tests.
func GetCgoCharArray() (interface{}, int, int) {
return C.ca, len(C.ca), cap(C.ca)
}
// GetCgoUnsignedCharArray returns an unsigned char array via cgo and the
// array's len and cap. This is only used for tests.
func GetCgoUnsignedCharArray() (interface{}, int, int) {
return C.uca, len(C.uca), cap(C.uca)
}
// GetCgoSignedCharArray returns a signed char array via cgo and the array's len
// and cap. This is only used for tests.
func GetCgoSignedCharArray() (interface{}, int, int) {
return C.sca, len(C.sca), cap(C.sca)
}
// GetCgoUint8tArray returns a uint8_t array via cgo and the array's len and
// cap. This is only used for tests.
func GetCgoUint8tArray() (interface{}, int, int) {
return C.ui8ta, len(C.ui8ta), cap(C.ui8ta)
}
// GetCgoTypdefedUnsignedCharArray returns a typedefed unsigned char array via
// cgo and the array's len and cap. This is only used for tests.
func GetCgoTypdefedUnsignedCharArray() (interface{}, int, int) {
return C.tuca, len(C.tuca), cap(C.tuca)
}

27
vendor/github.com/google/gops/LICENSE generated vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
Copyright (c) 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

View File

@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package agent
import (
"os"
"testing"
)
func TestListen(t *testing.T) {
err := Listen(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
Close()
}
func TestAgentClose(t *testing.T) {
err := Listen(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
Close()
_, err = os.Stat(portfile)
if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("portfile = %q doesn't exist; err = %v", portfile, err)
}
if portfile != "" {
t.Fatalf("got = %q; want empty portfile", portfile)
}
}
func TestAgentListenMultipleClose(t *testing.T) {
err := Listen(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
Close()
Close()
Close()
Close()
}
func TestFormatBytes(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
val uint64
want string
}{
{1023, "1023 bytes"},
{1024, "1.00KB (1024 bytes)"},
{1024*1024 - 100, "1023.90KB (1048476 bytes)"},
{1024 * 1024, "1.00MB (1048576 bytes)"},
{1024 * 1025, "1.00MB (1049600 bytes)"},
{1024 * 1024 * 1024, "1.00GB (1073741824 bytes)"},
{1024*1024*1024 + 430*1024*1024, "1.42GB (1524629504 bytes)"},
{1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, "1.00PB (1125899906842624 bytes)"},
{1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, "1024.00PB (1152921504606846976 bytes)"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
result := formatBytes(tt.val)
if result != tt.want {
t.Errorf("formatBytes(%v) = %q; want %q", tt.val, result, tt.want)
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
package feeds
import (
"bytes"
"testing"
"time"
)
var atomOutput = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>jmoiron.net blog</title>
<id>http://jmoiron.net/blog</id>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<rights>This work is copyright © Benjamin Button</rights>
<subtitle>discussion about tech, footie, photos</subtitle>
<link href="http://jmoiron.net/blog"></link>
<author>
<name>Jason Moiron</name>
<email>jmoiron@jmoiron.net</email>
</author>
<entry>
<title>Limiting Concurrency in Go</title>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<id>tag:jmoiron.net,2013-01-16:/blog/limiting-concurrency-in-go/</id>
<content type="html">A discussion on controlled parallelism in golang</content>
<link href="http://jmoiron.net/blog/limiting-concurrency-in-go/" rel="alternate"></link>
<author>
<name>Jason Moiron</name>
<email>jmoiron@jmoiron.net</email>
</author>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Logic-less Template Redux</title>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<id>tag:jmoiron.net,2013-01-16:/blog/logicless-template-redux/</id>
<content type="html">More thoughts on logicless templates</content>
<link href="http://jmoiron.net/blog/logicless-template-redux/" rel="alternate"></link>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Idiomatic Code Reuse in Go</title>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<id>tag:jmoiron.net,2013-01-16:/blog/idiomatic-code-reuse-in-go/</id>
<content type="html">How to use interfaces &lt;em&gt;effectively&lt;/em&gt;</content>
<link href="http://jmoiron.net/blog/idiomatic-code-reuse-in-go/" rel="alternate"></link>
<link href="http://example.com/cover.jpg" rel="enclosure" type="image/jpg" length="123456"></link>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Never Gonna Give You Up Mp3</title>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<id>tag:example.com,2013-01-16:/RickRoll.mp3</id>
<content type="html">Never gonna give you up - Never gonna let you down.</content>
<link href="http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3" rel="alternate"></link>
<link href="http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3" rel="enclosure" type="audio/mpeg" length="123456"></link>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>String formatting in Go</title>
<updated>2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00</updated>
<id>tag:example.com,2013-01-16:/strings</id>
<content type="html">How to use things like %s, %v, %d, etc.</content>
<link href="http://example.com/strings" rel="alternate"></link>
</entry>
</feed>`
var rssOutput = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>jmoiron.net blog</title>
<link>http://jmoiron.net/blog</link>
<description>discussion about tech, footie, photos</description>
<copyright>This work is copyright © Benjamin Button</copyright>
<managingEditor>jmoiron@jmoiron.net (Jason Moiron)</managingEditor>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
<item>
<title>Limiting Concurrency in Go</title>
<link>http://jmoiron.net/blog/limiting-concurrency-in-go/</link>
<description>A discussion on controlled parallelism in golang</description>
<author>Jason Moiron</author>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Logic-less Template Redux</title>
<link>http://jmoiron.net/blog/logicless-template-redux/</link>
<description>More thoughts on logicless templates</description>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Idiomatic Code Reuse in Go</title>
<link>http://jmoiron.net/blog/idiomatic-code-reuse-in-go/</link>
<description>How to use interfaces &lt;em&gt;effectively&lt;/em&gt;</description>
<enclosure url="http://example.com/cover.jpg" length="123456" type="image/jpg"></enclosure>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Never Gonna Give You Up Mp3</title>
<link>http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3</link>
<description>Never gonna give you up - Never gonna let you down.</description>
<enclosure url="http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3" length="123456" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>String formatting in Go</title>
<link>http://example.com/strings</link>
<description>How to use things like %s, %v, %d, etc.</description>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:52:35 -0500</pubDate>
</item>
</channel>
</rss>`
var jsonOutput = `{
"version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1",
"title": "jmoiron.net blog",
"home_page_url": "http://jmoiron.net/blog",
"description": "discussion about tech, footie, photos",
"author": {
"name": "Jason Moiron"
},
"items": [
{
"id": "",
"url": "http://jmoiron.net/blog/limiting-concurrency-in-go/",
"title": "Limiting Concurrency in Go",
"summary": "A discussion on controlled parallelism in golang",
"date_published": "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00",
"author": {
"name": "Jason Moiron"
}
},
{
"id": "",
"url": "http://jmoiron.net/blog/logicless-template-redux/",
"title": "Logic-less Template Redux",
"summary": "More thoughts on logicless templates",
"date_published": "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00"
},
{
"id": "",
"url": "http://jmoiron.net/blog/idiomatic-code-reuse-in-go/",
"title": "Idiomatic Code Reuse in Go",
"summary": "How to use interfaces \u003cem\u003eeffectively\u003c/em\u003e",
"image": "http://example.com/cover.jpg",
"date_published": "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00"
},
{
"id": "",
"url": "http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3",
"title": "Never Gonna Give You Up Mp3",
"summary": "Never gonna give you up - Never gonna let you down.",
"date_published": "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00"
},
{
"id": "",
"url": "http://example.com/strings",
"title": "String formatting in Go",
"summary": "How to use things like %s, %v, %d, etc.",
"date_published": "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00"
}
]
}`
func TestFeed(t *testing.T) {
now, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2013-01-16T21:52:35-05:00")
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
tz := time.FixedZone("EST", -5*60*60)
now = now.In(tz)
feed := &Feed{
Title: "jmoiron.net blog",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://jmoiron.net/blog"},
Description: "discussion about tech, footie, photos",
Author: &Author{Name: "Jason Moiron", Email: "jmoiron@jmoiron.net"},
Created: now,
Copyright: "This work is copyright © Benjamin Button",
}
feed.Items = []*Item{
{
Title: "Limiting Concurrency in Go",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://jmoiron.net/blog/limiting-concurrency-in-go/"},
Description: "A discussion on controlled parallelism in golang",
Author: &Author{Name: "Jason Moiron", Email: "jmoiron@jmoiron.net"},
Created: now,
},
{
Title: "Logic-less Template Redux",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://jmoiron.net/blog/logicless-template-redux/"},
Description: "More thoughts on logicless templates",
Created: now,
},
{
Title: "Idiomatic Code Reuse in Go",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://jmoiron.net/blog/idiomatic-code-reuse-in-go/"},
Description: "How to use interfaces <em>effectively</em>",
Enclosure: &Enclosure{Url: "http://example.com/cover.jpg", Length: "123456", Type: "image/jpg"},
Created: now,
},
{
Title: "Never Gonna Give You Up Mp3",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3"},
Enclosure: &Enclosure{Url: "http://example.com/RickRoll.mp3", Length: "123456", Type: "audio/mpeg"},
Description: "Never gonna give you up - Never gonna let you down.",
Created: now,
},
{
Title: "String formatting in Go",
Link: &Link{Href: "http://example.com/strings"},
Description: "How to use things like %s, %v, %d, etc.",
Created: now,
}}
atom, err := feed.ToAtom()
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error encoding Atom: %v", err)
}
if atom != atomOutput {
t.Errorf("Atom not what was expected. Got:\n%s\n\nExpected:\n%s\n", atom, atomOutput)
}
var buf bytes.Buffer
if err := feed.WriteAtom(&buf); err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error writing Atom: %v", err)
}
if got := buf.String(); got != atomOutput {
t.Errorf("Atom not what was expected. Got:\n%s\n\nExpected:\n%s\n", got, atomOutput)
}
rss, err := feed.ToRss()
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error encoding RSS: %v", err)
}
if rss != rssOutput {
t.Errorf("Rss not what was expected. Got:\n%s\n\nExpected:\n%s\n", rss, rssOutput)
}
buf.Reset()
if err := feed.WriteRss(&buf); err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error writing RSS: %v", err)
}
if got := buf.String(); got != rssOutput {
t.Errorf("Rss not what was expected. Got:\n%s\n\nExpected:\n%s\n", got, rssOutput)
}
json, err := feed.ToJSON()
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error encoding JSON: %v", err)
}
if json != jsonOutput {
t.Errorf("JSON not what was expected. Got:\n%s\n\nExpected:\n%s\n", json, jsonOutput)
}
buf.Reset()
if err := feed.WriteJSON(&buf); err != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected error writing JSON: %v", err)
}
if got := buf.String(); got != jsonOutput+"\n" { //json.Encode appends a newline after the JSON output: https://github.com/golang/go/commit/6f25f1d4c901417af1da65e41992d71c30f64f8f#diff-50848cbd686f250623a2ef6ddb07e157
t.Errorf("JSON not what was expected. Got:\n||%s||\n\nExpected:\n||%s||\n", got, jsonOutput)
}
}

View File

@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
package feeds
import (
"testing"
)
func TestUUID(t *testing.T) {
s := NewUUID()
s2 := NewUUID()
if len(s) != 16 {
t.Errorf("Expecting len of 16, got %d\n", len(s))
}
if len(s.String()) != 36 {
t.Errorf("Expecting uuid hex string len of 36, got %d\n", len(s.String()))
}
if s == s2 {
t.Errorf("Expecting different UUIDs to be different, but they are the same.\n")
}
}

View File

@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build darwin linux freebsd netbsd windows openbsd
package osext
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"os/exec"
"path/filepath"
"runtime"
"testing"
)
const (
executableEnvVar = "OSTEST_OUTPUT_EXECUTABLE"
executableEnvValueMatch = "match"
executableEnvValueDelete = "delete"
)
func TestPrintExecutable(t *testing.T) {
ef, err := Executable()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Executable failed: %v", err)
}
t.Log("Executable:", ef)
}
func TestPrintExecutableFolder(t *testing.T) {
ef, err := ExecutableFolder()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("ExecutableFolder failed: %v", err)
}
t.Log("Executable Folder:", ef)
}
func TestExecutableFolder(t *testing.T) {
ef, err := ExecutableFolder()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("ExecutableFolder failed: %v", err)
}
if ef[len(ef)-1] == filepath.Separator {
t.Fatal("ExecutableFolder ends with a trailing slash.")
}
}
func TestExecutableMatch(t *testing.T) {
ep, err := Executable()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Executable failed: %v", err)
}
// fullpath to be of the form "dir/prog".
dir := filepath.Dir(filepath.Dir(ep))
fullpath, err := filepath.Rel(dir, ep)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("filepath.Rel: %v", err)
}
// Make child start with a relative program path.
// Alter argv[0] for child to verify getting real path without argv[0].
cmd := &exec.Cmd{
Dir: dir,
Path: fullpath,
Env: []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", executableEnvVar, executableEnvValueMatch)},
}
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("exec(self) failed: %v", err)
}
outs := string(out)
if !filepath.IsAbs(outs) {
t.Fatalf("Child returned %q, want an absolute path", out)
}
if !sameFile(outs, ep) {
t.Fatalf("Child returned %q, not the same file as %q", out, ep)
}
}
func TestExecutableDelete(t *testing.T) {
if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
t.Skip()
}
fpath, err := Executable()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Executable failed: %v", err)
}
r, w := io.Pipe()
stderrBuff := &bytes.Buffer{}
stdoutBuff := &bytes.Buffer{}
cmd := &exec.Cmd{
Path: fpath,
Env: []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", executableEnvVar, executableEnvValueDelete)},
Stdin: r,
Stderr: stderrBuff,
Stdout: stdoutBuff,
}
err = cmd.Start()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("exec(self) start failed: %v", err)
}
tempPath := fpath + "_copy"
_ = os.Remove(tempPath)
err = copyFile(tempPath, fpath)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("copy file failed: %v", err)
}
err = os.Remove(fpath)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("remove running test file failed: %v", err)
}
err = os.Rename(tempPath, fpath)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("rename copy to previous name failed: %v", err)
}
w.Write([]byte{0})
w.Close()
err = cmd.Wait()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("exec wait failed: %v", err)
}
childPath := stderrBuff.String()
if !filepath.IsAbs(childPath) {
t.Fatalf("Child returned %q, want an absolute path", childPath)
}
if !sameFile(childPath, fpath) {
t.Fatalf("Child returned %q, not the same file as %q", childPath, fpath)
}
}
func sameFile(fn1, fn2 string) bool {
fi1, err := os.Stat(fn1)
if err != nil {
return false
}
fi2, err := os.Stat(fn2)
if err != nil {
return false
}
return os.SameFile(fi1, fi2)
}
func copyFile(dest, src string) error {
df, err := os.Create(dest)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer df.Close()
sf, err := os.Open(src)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer sf.Close()
_, err = io.Copy(df, sf)
return err
}
func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
env := os.Getenv(executableEnvVar)
switch env {
case "":
os.Exit(m.Run())
case executableEnvValueMatch:
// First chdir to another path.
dir := "/"
if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
dir = filepath.VolumeName(".")
}
os.Chdir(dir)
if ep, err := Executable(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "ERROR: ", err)
} else {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, ep)
}
case executableEnvValueDelete:
bb := make([]byte, 1)
var err error
n, err := os.Stdin.Read(bb)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "ERROR: ", err)
os.Exit(2)
}
if n != 1 {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "ERROR: n != 1, n == ", n)
os.Exit(2)
}
if ep, err := Executable(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "ERROR: ", err)
} else {
fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, ep)
}
}
os.Exit(0)
}

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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
[568].out
_go*
_test*
_obj

9
vendor/github.com/kr/pretty/Readme generated vendored
View File

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import "github.com/kr/pretty"
Package pretty provides pretty-printing for Go values.
Documentation
http://godoc.org/github.com/kr/pretty

265
vendor/github.com/kr/pretty/diff.go generated vendored
View File

@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
)
type sbuf []string
func (p *sbuf) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
s := fmt.Sprintf(format, a...)
*p = append(*p, s)
}
// Diff returns a slice where each element describes
// a difference between a and b.
func Diff(a, b interface{}) (desc []string) {
Pdiff((*sbuf)(&desc), a, b)
return desc
}
// wprintfer calls Fprintf on w for each Printf call
// with a trailing newline.
type wprintfer struct{ w io.Writer }
func (p *wprintfer) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
fmt.Fprintf(p.w, format+"\n", a...)
}
// Fdiff writes to w a description of the differences between a and b.
func Fdiff(w io.Writer, a, b interface{}) {
Pdiff(&wprintfer{w}, a, b)
}
type Printfer interface {
Printf(format string, a ...interface{})
}
// Pdiff prints to p a description of the differences between a and b.
// It calls Printf once for each difference, with no trailing newline.
// The standard library log.Logger is a Printfer.
func Pdiff(p Printfer, a, b interface{}) {
diffPrinter{w: p}.diff(reflect.ValueOf(a), reflect.ValueOf(b))
}
type Logfer interface {
Logf(format string, a ...interface{})
}
// logprintfer calls Fprintf on w for each Printf call
// with a trailing newline.
type logprintfer struct{ l Logfer }
func (p *logprintfer) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
p.l.Logf(format, a...)
}
// Ldiff prints to l a description of the differences between a and b.
// It calls Logf once for each difference, with no trailing newline.
// The standard library testing.T and testing.B are Logfers.
func Ldiff(l Logfer, a, b interface{}) {
Pdiff(&logprintfer{l}, a, b)
}
type diffPrinter struct {
w Printfer
l string // label
}
func (w diffPrinter) printf(f string, a ...interface{}) {
var l string
if w.l != "" {
l = w.l + ": "
}
w.w.Printf(l+f, a...)
}
func (w diffPrinter) diff(av, bv reflect.Value) {
if !av.IsValid() && bv.IsValid() {
w.printf("nil != %# v", formatter{v: bv, quote: true})
return
}
if av.IsValid() && !bv.IsValid() {
w.printf("%# v != nil", formatter{v: av, quote: true})
return
}
if !av.IsValid() && !bv.IsValid() {
return
}
at := av.Type()
bt := bv.Type()
if at != bt {
w.printf("%v != %v", at, bt)
return
}
switch kind := at.Kind(); kind {
case reflect.Bool:
if a, b := av.Bool(), bv.Bool(); a != b {
w.printf("%v != %v", a, b)
}
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
if a, b := av.Int(), bv.Int(); a != b {
w.printf("%d != %d", a, b)
}
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
if a, b := av.Uint(), bv.Uint(); a != b {
w.printf("%d != %d", a, b)
}
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
if a, b := av.Float(), bv.Float(); a != b {
w.printf("%v != %v", a, b)
}
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
if a, b := av.Complex(), bv.Complex(); a != b {
w.printf("%v != %v", a, b)
}
case reflect.Array:
n := av.Len()
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
w.relabel(fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", i)).diff(av.Index(i), bv.Index(i))
}
case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func, reflect.UnsafePointer:
if a, b := av.Pointer(), bv.Pointer(); a != b {
w.printf("%#x != %#x", a, b)
}
case reflect.Interface:
w.diff(av.Elem(), bv.Elem())
case reflect.Map:
ak, both, bk := keyDiff(av.MapKeys(), bv.MapKeys())
for _, k := range ak {
w := w.relabel(fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", k))
w.printf("%q != (missing)", av.MapIndex(k))
}
for _, k := range both {
w := w.relabel(fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", k))
w.diff(av.MapIndex(k), bv.MapIndex(k))
}
for _, k := range bk {
w := w.relabel(fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", k))
w.printf("(missing) != %q", bv.MapIndex(k))
}
case reflect.Ptr:
switch {
case av.IsNil() && !bv.IsNil():
w.printf("nil != %# v", formatter{v: bv, quote: true})
case !av.IsNil() && bv.IsNil():
w.printf("%# v != nil", formatter{v: av, quote: true})
case !av.IsNil() && !bv.IsNil():
w.diff(av.Elem(), bv.Elem())
}
case reflect.Slice:
lenA := av.Len()
lenB := bv.Len()
if lenA != lenB {
w.printf("%s[%d] != %s[%d]", av.Type(), lenA, bv.Type(), lenB)
break
}
for i := 0; i < lenA; i++ {
w.relabel(fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", i)).diff(av.Index(i), bv.Index(i))
}
case reflect.String:
if a, b := av.String(), bv.String(); a != b {
w.printf("%q != %q", a, b)
}
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < av.NumField(); i++ {
w.relabel(at.Field(i).Name).diff(av.Field(i), bv.Field(i))
}
default:
panic("unknown reflect Kind: " + kind.String())
}
}
func (d diffPrinter) relabel(name string) (d1 diffPrinter) {
d1 = d
if d.l != "" && name[0] != '[' {
d1.l += "."
}
d1.l += name
return d1
}
// keyEqual compares a and b for equality.
// Both a and b must be valid map keys.
func keyEqual(av, bv reflect.Value) bool {
if !av.IsValid() && !bv.IsValid() {
return true
}
if !av.IsValid() || !bv.IsValid() || av.Type() != bv.Type() {
return false
}
switch kind := av.Kind(); kind {
case reflect.Bool:
a, b := av.Bool(), bv.Bool()
return a == b
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
a, b := av.Int(), bv.Int()
return a == b
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
a, b := av.Uint(), bv.Uint()
return a == b
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
a, b := av.Float(), bv.Float()
return a == b
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
a, b := av.Complex(), bv.Complex()
return a == b
case reflect.Array:
for i := 0; i < av.Len(); i++ {
if !keyEqual(av.Index(i), bv.Index(i)) {
return false
}
}
return true
case reflect.Chan, reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Ptr:
a, b := av.Pointer(), bv.Pointer()
return a == b
case reflect.Interface:
return keyEqual(av.Elem(), bv.Elem())
case reflect.String:
a, b := av.String(), bv.String()
return a == b
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < av.NumField(); i++ {
if !keyEqual(av.Field(i), bv.Field(i)) {
return false
}
}
return true
default:
panic("invalid map key type " + av.Type().String())
}
}
func keyDiff(a, b []reflect.Value) (ak, both, bk []reflect.Value) {
for _, av := range a {
inBoth := false
for _, bv := range b {
if keyEqual(av, bv) {
inBoth = true
both = append(both, av)
break
}
}
if !inBoth {
ak = append(ak, av)
}
}
for _, bv := range b {
inBoth := false
for _, av := range a {
if keyEqual(av, bv) {
inBoth = true
break
}
}
if !inBoth {
bk = append(bk, bv)
}
}
return
}

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@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"log"
"reflect"
"testing"
"unsafe"
)
var (
_ Logfer = (*testing.T)(nil)
_ Logfer = (*testing.B)(nil)
_ Printfer = (*log.Logger)(nil)
)
type difftest struct {
a interface{}
b interface{}
exp []string
}
type S struct {
A int
S *S
I interface{}
C []int
}
type (
N struct{ N int }
E interface{}
)
var (
c0 = make(chan int)
c1 = make(chan int)
f0 = func() {}
f1 = func() {}
i0 = 0
i1 = 1
)
var diffs = []difftest{
{a: nil, b: nil},
{a: S{A: 1}, b: S{A: 1}},
{0, "", []string{`int != string`}},
{0, 1, []string{`0 != 1`}},
{S{}, new(S), []string{`pretty.S != *pretty.S`}},
{"a", "b", []string{`"a" != "b"`}},
{S{}, S{A: 1}, []string{`A: 0 != 1`}},
{new(S), &S{A: 1}, []string{`A: 0 != 1`}},
{S{S: new(S)}, S{S: &S{A: 1}}, []string{`S.A: 0 != 1`}},
{S{}, S{I: 0}, []string{`I: nil != int(0)`}},
{S{I: 1}, S{I: "x"}, []string{`I: int != string`}},
{S{}, S{C: []int{1}}, []string{`C: []int[0] != []int[1]`}},
{S{C: []int{}}, S{C: []int{1}}, []string{`C: []int[0] != []int[1]`}},
{S{C: []int{1, 2, 3}}, S{C: []int{1, 2, 4}}, []string{`C[2]: 3 != 4`}},
{S{}, S{A: 1, S: new(S)}, []string{`A: 0 != 1`, `S: nil != &pretty.S{}`}},
// unexported fields of every reflect.Kind (both equal and unequal)
{struct{ x bool }{false}, struct{ x bool }{false}, nil},
{struct{ x bool }{false}, struct{ x bool }{true}, []string{`x: false != true`}},
{struct{ x int }{0}, struct{ x int }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x int }{0}, struct{ x int }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x int8 }{0}, struct{ x int8 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x int8 }{0}, struct{ x int8 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x int16 }{0}, struct{ x int16 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x int16 }{0}, struct{ x int16 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x int32 }{0}, struct{ x int32 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x int32 }{0}, struct{ x int32 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x int64 }{0}, struct{ x int64 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x int64 }{0}, struct{ x int64 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uint }{0}, struct{ x uint }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uint }{0}, struct{ x uint }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uint8 }{0}, struct{ x uint8 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uint8 }{0}, struct{ x uint8 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uint16 }{0}, struct{ x uint16 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uint16 }{0}, struct{ x uint16 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uint32 }{0}, struct{ x uint32 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uint32 }{0}, struct{ x uint32 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uint64 }{0}, struct{ x uint64 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uint64 }{0}, struct{ x uint64 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x uintptr }{0}, struct{ x uintptr }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x uintptr }{0}, struct{ x uintptr }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x float32 }{0}, struct{ x float32 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x float32 }{0}, struct{ x float32 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x float64 }{0}, struct{ x float64 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x float64 }{0}, struct{ x float64 }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x complex64 }{0}, struct{ x complex64 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x complex64 }{0}, struct{ x complex64 }{1}, []string{`x: (0+0i) != (1+0i)`}},
{struct{ x complex128 }{0}, struct{ x complex128 }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x complex128 }{0}, struct{ x complex128 }{1}, []string{`x: (0+0i) != (1+0i)`}},
{struct{ x [1]int }{[1]int{0}}, struct{ x [1]int }{[1]int{0}}, nil},
{struct{ x [1]int }{[1]int{0}}, struct{ x [1]int }{[1]int{1}}, []string{`x[0]: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x chan int }{c0}, struct{ x chan int }{c0}, nil},
{struct{ x chan int }{c0}, struct{ x chan int }{c1}, []string{fmt.Sprintf("x: %p != %p", c0, c1)}},
{struct{ x func() }{f0}, struct{ x func() }{f0}, nil},
{struct{ x func() }{f0}, struct{ x func() }{f1}, []string{fmt.Sprintf("x: %p != %p", f0, f1)}},
{struct{ x interface{} }{0}, struct{ x interface{} }{0}, nil},
{struct{ x interface{} }{0}, struct{ x interface{} }{1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x interface{} }{0}, struct{ x interface{} }{""}, []string{`x: int != string`}},
{struct{ x interface{} }{0}, struct{ x interface{} }{nil}, []string{`x: int(0) != nil`}},
{struct{ x interface{} }{nil}, struct{ x interface{} }{0}, []string{`x: nil != int(0)`}},
{struct{ x map[int]int }{map[int]int{0: 0}}, struct{ x map[int]int }{map[int]int{0: 0}}, nil},
{struct{ x map[int]int }{map[int]int{0: 0}}, struct{ x map[int]int }{map[int]int{0: 1}}, []string{`x[0]: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x *int }{new(int)}, struct{ x *int }{new(int)}, nil},
{struct{ x *int }{&i0}, struct{ x *int }{&i1}, []string{`x: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x *int }{nil}, struct{ x *int }{&i0}, []string{`x: nil != &int(0)`}},
{struct{ x *int }{&i0}, struct{ x *int }{nil}, []string{`x: &int(0) != nil`}},
{struct{ x []int }{[]int{0}}, struct{ x []int }{[]int{0}}, nil},
{struct{ x []int }{[]int{0}}, struct{ x []int }{[]int{1}}, []string{`x[0]: 0 != 1`}},
{struct{ x string }{"a"}, struct{ x string }{"a"}, nil},
{struct{ x string }{"a"}, struct{ x string }{"b"}, []string{`x: "a" != "b"`}},
{struct{ x N }{N{0}}, struct{ x N }{N{0}}, nil},
{struct{ x N }{N{0}}, struct{ x N }{N{1}}, []string{`x.N: 0 != 1`}},
{
struct{ x unsafe.Pointer }{unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(0))},
struct{ x unsafe.Pointer }{unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(0))},
nil,
},
{
struct{ x unsafe.Pointer }{unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(0))},
struct{ x unsafe.Pointer }{unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(1))},
[]string{`x: 0x0 != 0x1`},
},
}
func TestDiff(t *testing.T) {
for _, tt := range diffs {
got := Diff(tt.a, tt.b)
eq := len(got) == len(tt.exp)
if eq {
for i := range got {
eq = eq && got[i] == tt.exp[i]
}
}
if !eq {
t.Errorf("diffing % #v", tt.a)
t.Errorf("with % #v", tt.b)
diffdiff(t, got, tt.exp)
continue
}
}
}
func TestKeyEqual(t *testing.T) {
var emptyInterfaceZero interface{} = 0
cases := []interface{}{
new(bool),
new(int),
new(int8),
new(int16),
new(int32),
new(int64),
new(uint),
new(uint8),
new(uint16),
new(uint32),
new(uint64),
new(uintptr),
new(float32),
new(float64),
new(complex64),
new(complex128),
new([1]int),
new(chan int),
new(unsafe.Pointer),
new(interface{}),
&emptyInterfaceZero,
new(*int),
new(string),
new(struct{ int }),
}
for _, test := range cases {
rv := reflect.ValueOf(test).Elem()
if !keyEqual(rv, rv) {
t.Errorf("keyEqual(%s, %s) = false want true", rv.Type(), rv.Type())
}
}
}
func TestFdiff(t *testing.T) {
var buf bytes.Buffer
Fdiff(&buf, 0, 1)
want := "0 != 1\n"
if got := buf.String(); got != want {
t.Errorf("Fdiff(0, 1) = %q want %q", got, want)
}
}
func diffdiff(t *testing.T, got, exp []string) {
minus(t, "unexpected:", got, exp)
minus(t, "missing:", exp, got)
}
func minus(t *testing.T, s string, a, b []string) {
var i, j int
for i = 0; i < len(a); i++ {
for j = 0; j < len(b); j++ {
if a[i] == b[j] {
break
}
}
if j == len(b) {
t.Error(s, a[i])
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
package pretty_test
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/kr/pretty"
)
func Example() {
type myType struct {
a, b int
}
var x = []myType{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}
fmt.Printf("%# v", pretty.Formatter(x))
// output:
// []pretty_test.myType{
// {a:1, b:2},
// {a:3, b:4},
// {a:5, b:6},
// }
}

View File

@ -1,328 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"text/tabwriter"
"github.com/kr/text"
)
type formatter struct {
v reflect.Value
force bool
quote bool
}
// Formatter makes a wrapper, f, that will format x as go source with line
// breaks and tabs. Object f responds to the "%v" formatting verb when both the
// "#" and " " (space) flags are set, for example:
//
// fmt.Sprintf("%# v", Formatter(x))
//
// If one of these two flags is not set, or any other verb is used, f will
// format x according to the usual rules of package fmt.
// In particular, if x satisfies fmt.Formatter, then x.Format will be called.
func Formatter(x interface{}) (f fmt.Formatter) {
return formatter{v: reflect.ValueOf(x), quote: true}
}
func (fo formatter) String() string {
return fmt.Sprint(fo.v.Interface()) // unwrap it
}
func (fo formatter) passThrough(f fmt.State, c rune) {
s := "%"
for i := 0; i < 128; i++ {
if f.Flag(i) {
s += string(i)
}
}
if w, ok := f.Width(); ok {
s += fmt.Sprintf("%d", w)
}
if p, ok := f.Precision(); ok {
s += fmt.Sprintf(".%d", p)
}
s += string(c)
fmt.Fprintf(f, s, fo.v.Interface())
}
func (fo formatter) Format(f fmt.State, c rune) {
if fo.force || c == 'v' && f.Flag('#') && f.Flag(' ') {
w := tabwriter.NewWriter(f, 4, 4, 1, ' ', 0)
p := &printer{tw: w, Writer: w, visited: make(map[visit]int)}
p.printValue(fo.v, true, fo.quote)
w.Flush()
return
}
fo.passThrough(f, c)
}
type printer struct {
io.Writer
tw *tabwriter.Writer
visited map[visit]int
depth int
}
func (p *printer) indent() *printer {
q := *p
q.tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(p.Writer, 4, 4, 1, ' ', 0)
q.Writer = text.NewIndentWriter(q.tw, []byte{'\t'})
return &q
}
func (p *printer) printInline(v reflect.Value, x interface{}, showType bool) {
if showType {
io.WriteString(p, v.Type().String())
fmt.Fprintf(p, "(%#v)", x)
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(p, "%#v", x)
}
}
// printValue must keep track of already-printed pointer values to avoid
// infinite recursion.
type visit struct {
v uintptr
typ reflect.Type
}
func (p *printer) printValue(v reflect.Value, showType, quote bool) {
if p.depth > 10 {
io.WriteString(p, "!%v(DEPTH EXCEEDED)")
return
}
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
p.printInline(v, v.Bool(), showType)
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
p.printInline(v, v.Int(), showType)
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
p.printInline(v, v.Uint(), showType)
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
p.printInline(v, v.Float(), showType)
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
fmt.Fprintf(p, "%#v", v.Complex())
case reflect.String:
p.fmtString(v.String(), quote)
case reflect.Map:
t := v.Type()
if showType {
io.WriteString(p, t.String())
}
writeByte(p, '{')
if nonzero(v) {
expand := !canInline(v.Type())
pp := p
if expand {
writeByte(p, '\n')
pp = p.indent()
}
keys := v.MapKeys()
for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
showTypeInStruct := true
k := keys[i]
mv := v.MapIndex(k)
pp.printValue(k, false, true)
writeByte(pp, ':')
if expand {
writeByte(pp, '\t')
}
showTypeInStruct = t.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface
pp.printValue(mv, showTypeInStruct, true)
if expand {
io.WriteString(pp, ",\n")
} else if i < v.Len()-1 {
io.WriteString(pp, ", ")
}
}
if expand {
pp.tw.Flush()
}
}
writeByte(p, '}')
case reflect.Struct:
t := v.Type()
if v.CanAddr() {
addr := v.UnsafeAddr()
vis := visit{addr, t}
if vd, ok := p.visited[vis]; ok && vd < p.depth {
p.fmtString(t.String()+"{(CYCLIC REFERENCE)}", false)
break // don't print v again
}
p.visited[vis] = p.depth
}
if showType {
io.WriteString(p, t.String())
}
writeByte(p, '{')
if nonzero(v) {
expand := !canInline(v.Type())
pp := p
if expand {
writeByte(p, '\n')
pp = p.indent()
}
for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
showTypeInStruct := true
if f := t.Field(i); f.Name != "" {
io.WriteString(pp, f.Name)
writeByte(pp, ':')
if expand {
writeByte(pp, '\t')
}
showTypeInStruct = labelType(f.Type)
}
pp.printValue(getField(v, i), showTypeInStruct, true)
if expand {
io.WriteString(pp, ",\n")
} else if i < v.NumField()-1 {
io.WriteString(pp, ", ")
}
}
if expand {
pp.tw.Flush()
}
}
writeByte(p, '}')
case reflect.Interface:
switch e := v.Elem(); {
case e.Kind() == reflect.Invalid:
io.WriteString(p, "nil")
case e.IsValid():
pp := *p
pp.depth++
pp.printValue(e, showType, true)
default:
io.WriteString(p, v.Type().String())
io.WriteString(p, "(nil)")
}
case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
t := v.Type()
if showType {
io.WriteString(p, t.String())
}
if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice && v.IsNil() && showType {
io.WriteString(p, "(nil)")
break
}
if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice && v.IsNil() {
io.WriteString(p, "nil")
break
}
writeByte(p, '{')
expand := !canInline(v.Type())
pp := p
if expand {
writeByte(p, '\n')
pp = p.indent()
}
for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
showTypeInSlice := t.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface
pp.printValue(v.Index(i), showTypeInSlice, true)
if expand {
io.WriteString(pp, ",\n")
} else if i < v.Len()-1 {
io.WriteString(pp, ", ")
}
}
if expand {
pp.tw.Flush()
}
writeByte(p, '}')
case reflect.Ptr:
e := v.Elem()
if !e.IsValid() {
writeByte(p, '(')
io.WriteString(p, v.Type().String())
io.WriteString(p, ")(nil)")
} else {
pp := *p
pp.depth++
writeByte(pp, '&')
pp.printValue(e, true, true)
}
case reflect.Chan:
x := v.Pointer()
if showType {
writeByte(p, '(')
io.WriteString(p, v.Type().String())
fmt.Fprintf(p, ")(%#v)", x)
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(p, "%#v", x)
}
case reflect.Func:
io.WriteString(p, v.Type().String())
io.WriteString(p, " {...}")
case reflect.UnsafePointer:
p.printInline(v, v.Pointer(), showType)
case reflect.Invalid:
io.WriteString(p, "nil")
}
}
func canInline(t reflect.Type) bool {
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Map:
return !canExpand(t.Elem())
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
if canExpand(t.Field(i).Type) {
return false
}
}
return true
case reflect.Interface:
return false
case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
return !canExpand(t.Elem())
case reflect.Ptr:
return false
case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func, reflect.UnsafePointer:
return false
}
return true
}
func canExpand(t reflect.Type) bool {
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Map, reflect.Struct,
reflect.Interface, reflect.Array, reflect.Slice,
reflect.Ptr:
return true
}
return false
}
func labelType(t reflect.Type) bool {
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Interface, reflect.Struct:
return true
}
return false
}
func (p *printer) fmtString(s string, quote bool) {
if quote {
s = strconv.Quote(s)
}
io.WriteString(p, s)
}
func writeByte(w io.Writer, b byte) {
w.Write([]byte{b})
}
func getField(v reflect.Value, i int) reflect.Value {
val := v.Field(i)
if val.Kind() == reflect.Interface && !val.IsNil() {
val = val.Elem()
}
return val
}

View File

@ -1,288 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"strings"
"testing"
"unsafe"
)
type test struct {
v interface{}
s string
}
type passtest struct {
v interface{}
f, s string
}
type LongStructTypeName struct {
longFieldName interface{}
otherLongFieldName interface{}
}
type SA struct {
t *T
v T
}
type T struct {
x, y int
}
type F int
func (f F) Format(s fmt.State, c rune) {
fmt.Fprintf(s, "F(%d)", int(f))
}
type Stringer struct { i int }
func (s *Stringer) String() string { return "foo" }
var long = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
var passthrough = []passtest{
{1, "%d", "1"},
{"a", "%s", "a"},
{&Stringer{}, "%s", "foo"},
}
func TestPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
for _, tt := range passthrough {
s := fmt.Sprintf(tt.f, Formatter(tt.v))
if tt.s != s {
t.Errorf("expected %q", tt.s)
t.Errorf("got %q", s)
t.Errorf("expraw\n%s", tt.s)
t.Errorf("gotraw\n%s", s)
}
}
}
var gosyntax = []test{
{nil, `nil`},
{"", `""`},
{"a", `"a"`},
{1, "int(1)"},
{1.0, "float64(1)"},
{[]int(nil), "[]int(nil)"},
{[0]int{}, "[0]int{}"},
{complex(1, 0), "(1+0i)"},
//{make(chan int), "(chan int)(0x1234)"},
{unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&long))), fmt.Sprintf("unsafe.Pointer(0x%02x)", uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&long)))},
{func(int) {}, "func(int) {...}"},
{map[int]int{1: 1}, "map[int]int{1:1}"},
{int32(1), "int32(1)"},
{io.EOF, `&errors.errorString{s:"EOF"}`},
{[]string{"a"}, `[]string{"a"}`},
{
[]string{long},
`[]string{"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"}`,
},
{F(5), "pretty.F(5)"},
{
SA{&T{1, 2}, T{3, 4}},
`pretty.SA{
t: &pretty.T{x:1, y:2},
v: pretty.T{x:3, y:4},
}`,
},
{
map[int][]byte{1: {}},
`map[int][]uint8{
1: {},
}`,
},
{
map[int]T{1: {}},
`map[int]pretty.T{
1: {},
}`,
},
{
long,
`"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"`,
},
{
LongStructTypeName{
longFieldName: LongStructTypeName{},
otherLongFieldName: long,
},
`pretty.LongStructTypeName{
longFieldName: pretty.LongStructTypeName{},
otherLongFieldName: "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789",
}`,
},
{
&LongStructTypeName{
longFieldName: &LongStructTypeName{},
otherLongFieldName: (*LongStructTypeName)(nil),
},
`&pretty.LongStructTypeName{
longFieldName: &pretty.LongStructTypeName{},
otherLongFieldName: (*pretty.LongStructTypeName)(nil),
}`,
},
{
[]LongStructTypeName{
{nil, nil},
{3, 3},
{long, nil},
},
`[]pretty.LongStructTypeName{
{},
{
longFieldName: int(3),
otherLongFieldName: int(3),
},
{
longFieldName: "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789",
otherLongFieldName: nil,
},
}`,
},
{
[]interface{}{
LongStructTypeName{nil, nil},
[]byte{1, 2, 3},
T{3, 4},
LongStructTypeName{long, nil},
},
`[]interface {}{
pretty.LongStructTypeName{},
[]uint8{0x1, 0x2, 0x3},
pretty.T{x:3, y:4},
pretty.LongStructTypeName{
longFieldName: "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789",
otherLongFieldName: nil,
},
}`,
},
}
func TestGoSyntax(t *testing.T) {
for _, tt := range gosyntax {
s := fmt.Sprintf("%# v", Formatter(tt.v))
if tt.s != s {
t.Errorf("expected %q", tt.s)
t.Errorf("got %q", s)
t.Errorf("expraw\n%s", tt.s)
t.Errorf("gotraw\n%s", s)
}
}
}
type I struct {
i int
R interface{}
}
func (i *I) I() *I { return i.R.(*I) }
func TestCycle(t *testing.T) {
type A struct{ *A }
v := &A{}
v.A = v
// panics from stack overflow without cycle detection
t.Logf("Example cycle:\n%# v", Formatter(v))
p := &A{}
s := fmt.Sprintf("%# v", Formatter([]*A{p, p}))
if strings.Contains(s, "CYCLIC") {
t.Errorf("Repeated address detected as cyclic reference:\n%s", s)
}
type R struct {
i int
*R
}
r := &R{
i: 1,
R: &R{
i: 2,
R: &R{
i: 3,
},
},
}
r.R.R.R = r
t.Logf("Example longer cycle:\n%# v", Formatter(r))
r = &R{
i: 1,
R: &R{
i: 2,
R: &R{
i: 3,
R: &R{
i: 4,
R: &R{
i: 5,
R: &R{
i: 6,
R: &R{
i: 7,
R: &R{
i: 8,
R: &R{
i: 9,
R: &R{
i: 10,
R: &R{
i: 11,
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
}
// here be pirates
r.R.R.R.R.R.R.R.R.R.R.R = r
t.Logf("Example very long cycle:\n%# v", Formatter(r))
i := &I{
i: 1,
R: &I{
i: 2,
R: &I{
i: 3,
R: &I{
i: 4,
R: &I{
i: 5,
R: &I{
i: 6,
R: &I{
i: 7,
R: &I{
i: 8,
R: &I{
i: 9,
R: &I{
i: 10,
R: &I{
i: 11,
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
},
}
iv := i.I().I().I().I().I().I().I().I().I().I()
*iv = *i
t.Logf("Example long interface cycle:\n%# v", Formatter(i))
}

3
vendor/github.com/kr/pretty/go.mod generated vendored
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
module "github.com/kr/pretty"
require "github.com/kr/text" v0.1.0

108
vendor/github.com/kr/pretty/pretty.go generated vendored
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@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
// Package pretty provides pretty-printing for Go values. This is
// useful during debugging, to avoid wrapping long output lines in
// the terminal.
//
// It provides a function, Formatter, that can be used with any
// function that accepts a format string. It also provides
// convenience wrappers for functions in packages fmt and log.
package pretty
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"reflect"
)
// Errorf is a convenience wrapper for fmt.Errorf.
//
// Calling Errorf(f, x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Errorf(f, Formatter(x), Formatter(y)).
func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
return fmt.Errorf(format, wrap(a, false)...)
}
// Fprintf is a convenience wrapper for fmt.Fprintf.
//
// Calling Fprintf(w, f, x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Fprintf(w, f, Formatter(x), Formatter(y)).
func Fprintf(w io.Writer, format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, error error) {
return fmt.Fprintf(w, format, wrap(a, false)...)
}
// Log is a convenience wrapper for log.Printf.
//
// Calling Log(x, y) is equivalent to
// log.Print(Formatter(x), Formatter(y)), but each operand is
// formatted with "%# v".
func Log(a ...interface{}) {
log.Print(wrap(a, true)...)
}
// Logf is a convenience wrapper for log.Printf.
//
// Calling Logf(f, x, y) is equivalent to
// log.Printf(f, Formatter(x), Formatter(y)).
func Logf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
log.Printf(format, wrap(a, false)...)
}
// Logln is a convenience wrapper for log.Printf.
//
// Calling Logln(x, y) is equivalent to
// log.Println(Formatter(x), Formatter(y)), but each operand is
// formatted with "%# v".
func Logln(a ...interface{}) {
log.Println(wrap(a, true)...)
}
// Print pretty-prints its operands and writes to standard output.
//
// Calling Print(x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Print(Formatter(x), Formatter(y)), but each operand is
// formatted with "%# v".
func Print(a ...interface{}) (n int, errno error) {
return fmt.Print(wrap(a, true)...)
}
// Printf is a convenience wrapper for fmt.Printf.
//
// Calling Printf(f, x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Printf(f, Formatter(x), Formatter(y)).
func Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, errno error) {
return fmt.Printf(format, wrap(a, false)...)
}
// Println pretty-prints its operands and writes to standard output.
//
// Calling Print(x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Println(Formatter(x), Formatter(y)), but each operand is
// formatted with "%# v".
func Println(a ...interface{}) (n int, errno error) {
return fmt.Println(wrap(a, true)...)
}
// Sprint is a convenience wrapper for fmt.Sprintf.
//
// Calling Sprint(x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Sprint(Formatter(x), Formatter(y)), but each operand is
// formatted with "%# v".
func Sprint(a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprint(wrap(a, true)...)
}
// Sprintf is a convenience wrapper for fmt.Sprintf.
//
// Calling Sprintf(f, x, y) is equivalent to
// fmt.Sprintf(f, Formatter(x), Formatter(y)).
func Sprintf(format string, a ...interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintf(format, wrap(a, false)...)
}
func wrap(a []interface{}, force bool) []interface{} {
w := make([]interface{}, len(a))
for i, x := range a {
w[i] = formatter{v: reflect.ValueOf(x), force: force}
}
return w
}

41
vendor/github.com/kr/pretty/zero.go generated vendored
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@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
package pretty
import (
"reflect"
)
func nonzero(v reflect.Value) bool {
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return v.Bool()
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
return v.Int() != 0
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
return v.Uint() != 0
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
return v.Float() != 0
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
return v.Complex() != complex(0, 0)
case reflect.String:
return v.String() != ""
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
if nonzero(getField(v, i)) {
return true
}
}
return false
case reflect.Array:
for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
if nonzero(v.Index(i)) {
return true
}
}
return false
case reflect.Map, reflect.Interface, reflect.Slice, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
return !v.IsNil()
case reflect.UnsafePointer:
return v.Pointer() != 0
}
return true
}

19
vendor/github.com/kr/text/License generated vendored
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@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
Copyright 2012 Keith Rarick
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

3
vendor/github.com/kr/text/Readme generated vendored
View File

@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
This is a Go package for manipulating paragraphs of text.
See http://go.pkgdoc.org/github.com/kr/text for full documentation.

3
vendor/github.com/kr/text/doc.go generated vendored
View File

@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
// Package text provides rudimentary functions for manipulating text in
// paragraphs.
package text

3
vendor/github.com/kr/text/go.mod generated vendored
View File

@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
module "github.com/kr/text"
require "github.com/kr/pty" v1.1.1

74
vendor/github.com/kr/text/indent.go generated vendored
View File

@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
package text
import (
"io"
)
// Indent inserts prefix at the beginning of each non-empty line of s. The
// end-of-line marker is NL.
func Indent(s, prefix string) string {
return string(IndentBytes([]byte(s), []byte(prefix)))
}
// IndentBytes inserts prefix at the beginning of each non-empty line of b.
// The end-of-line marker is NL.
func IndentBytes(b, prefix []byte) []byte {
var res []byte
bol := true
for _, c := range b {
if bol && c != '\n' {
res = append(res, prefix...)
}
res = append(res, c)
bol = c == '\n'
}
return res
}
// Writer indents each line of its input.
type indentWriter struct {
w io.Writer
bol bool
pre [][]byte
sel int
off int
}
// NewIndentWriter makes a new write filter that indents the input
// lines. Each line is prefixed in order with the corresponding
// element of pre. If there are more lines than elements, the last
// element of pre is repeated for each subsequent line.
func NewIndentWriter(w io.Writer, pre ...[]byte) io.Writer {
return &indentWriter{
w: w,
pre: pre,
bol: true,
}
}
// The only errors returned are from the underlying indentWriter.
func (w *indentWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
for _, c := range p {
if w.bol {
var i int
i, err = w.w.Write(w.pre[w.sel][w.off:])
w.off += i
if err != nil {
return n, err
}
}
_, err = w.w.Write([]byte{c})
if err != nil {
return n, err
}
n++
w.bol = c == '\n'
if w.bol {
w.off = 0
if w.sel < len(w.pre)-1 {
w.sel++
}
}
}
return n, nil
}

View File

@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
package text
import (
"bytes"
"testing"
)
type T struct {
inp, exp, pre string
}
var tests = []T{
{
"The quick brown fox\njumps over the lazy\ndog.\nBut not quickly.\n",
"xxxThe quick brown fox\nxxxjumps over the lazy\nxxxdog.\nxxxBut not quickly.\n",
"xxx",
},
{
"The quick brown fox\njumps over the lazy\ndog.\n\nBut not quickly.",
"xxxThe quick brown fox\nxxxjumps over the lazy\nxxxdog.\n\nxxxBut not quickly.",
"xxx",
},
}
func TestIndent(t *testing.T) {
for _, test := range tests {
got := Indent(test.inp, test.pre)
if got != test.exp {
t.Errorf("mismatch %q != %q", got, test.exp)
}
}
}
type IndentWriterTest struct {
inp, exp string
pre []string
}
var ts = []IndentWriterTest{
{
`
The quick brown fox
jumps over the lazy
dog.
But not quickly.
`[1:],
`
xxxThe quick brown fox
xxxjumps over the lazy
xxxdog.
xxxBut not quickly.
`[1:],
[]string{"xxx"},
},
{
`
The quick brown fox
jumps over the lazy
dog.
But not quickly.
`[1:],
`
xxaThe quick brown fox
xxxjumps over the lazy
xxxdog.
xxxBut not quickly.
`[1:],
[]string{"xxa", "xxx"},
},
{
`
The quick brown fox
jumps over the lazy
dog.
But not quickly.
`[1:],
`
xxaThe quick brown fox
xxbjumps over the lazy
xxcdog.
xxxBut not quickly.
`[1:],
[]string{"xxa", "xxb", "xxc", "xxx"},
},
{
`
The quick brown fox
jumps over the lazy
dog.
But not quickly.`[1:],
`
xxaThe quick brown fox
xxxjumps over the lazy
xxxdog.
xxx
xxxBut not quickly.`[1:],
[]string{"xxa", "xxx"},
},
}
func TestIndentWriter(t *testing.T) {
for _, test := range ts {
b := new(bytes.Buffer)
pre := make([][]byte, len(test.pre))
for i := range test.pre {
pre[i] = []byte(test.pre[i])
}
w := NewIndentWriter(b, pre...)
if _, err := w.Write([]byte(test.inp)); err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
if got := b.String(); got != test.exp {
t.Errorf("mismatch %q != %q", got, test.exp)
t.Log(got)
t.Log(test.exp)
}
}
}

86
vendor/github.com/kr/text/wrap.go generated vendored
View File

@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
package text
import (
"bytes"
"math"
)
var (
nl = []byte{'\n'}
sp = []byte{' '}
)
const defaultPenalty = 1e5
// Wrap wraps s into a paragraph of lines of length lim, with minimal
// raggedness.
func Wrap(s string, lim int) string {
return string(WrapBytes([]byte(s), lim))
}
// WrapBytes wraps b into a paragraph of lines of length lim, with minimal
// raggedness.
func WrapBytes(b []byte, lim int) []byte {
words := bytes.Split(bytes.Replace(bytes.TrimSpace(b), nl, sp, -1), sp)
var lines [][]byte
for _, line := range WrapWords(words, 1, lim, defaultPenalty) {
lines = append(lines, bytes.Join(line, sp))
}
return bytes.Join(lines, nl)
}
// WrapWords is the low-level line-breaking algorithm, useful if you need more
// control over the details of the text wrapping process. For most uses, either
// Wrap or WrapBytes will be sufficient and more convenient.
//
// WrapWords splits a list of words into lines with minimal "raggedness",
// treating each byte as one unit, accounting for spc units between adjacent
// words on each line, and attempting to limit lines to lim units. Raggedness
// is the total error over all lines, where error is the square of the
// difference of the length of the line and lim. Too-long lines (which only
// happen when a single word is longer than lim units) have pen penalty units
// added to the error.
func WrapWords(words [][]byte, spc, lim, pen int) [][][]byte {
n := len(words)
length := make([][]int, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
length[i] = make([]int, n)
length[i][i] = len(words[i])
for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {
length[i][j] = length[i][j-1] + spc + len(words[j])
}
}
nbrk := make([]int, n)
cost := make([]int, n)
for i := range cost {
cost[i] = math.MaxInt32
}
for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if length[i][n-1] <= lim || i == n-1 {
cost[i] = 0
nbrk[i] = n
} else {
for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {
d := lim - length[i][j-1]
c := d*d + cost[j]
if length[i][j-1] > lim {
c += pen // too-long lines get a worse penalty
}
if c < cost[i] {
cost[i] = c
nbrk[i] = j
}
}
}
}
var lines [][][]byte
i := 0
for i < n {
lines = append(lines, words[i:nbrk[i]])
i = nbrk[i]
}
return lines
}

View File

@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
package text
import (
"bytes"
"testing"
)
var text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
func TestWrap(t *testing.T) {
exp := [][]string{
{"The", "quick", "brown", "fox"},
{"jumps", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog."},
}
words := bytes.Split([]byte(text), sp)
got := WrapWords(words, 1, 24, defaultPenalty)
if len(exp) != len(got) {
t.Fail()
}
for i := range exp {
if len(exp[i]) != len(got[i]) {
t.Fail()
}
for j := range exp[i] {
if exp[i][j] != string(got[i][j]) {
t.Fatal(i, exp[i][j], got[i][j])
}
}
}
}
func TestWrapNarrow(t *testing.T) {
exp := "The\nquick\nbrown\nfox\njumps\nover\nthe\nlazy\ndog."
if Wrap(text, 5) != exp {
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestWrapOneLine(t *testing.T) {
exp := "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
if Wrap(text, 500) != exp {
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestWrapBug1(t *testing.T) {
cases := []struct {
limit int
text string
want string
}{
{4, "aaaaa", "aaaaa"},
{4, "a aaaaa", "a\naaaaa"},
}
for _, test := range cases {
got := Wrap(test.text, test.limit)
if got != test.want {
t.Errorf("Wrap(%q, %d) = %q want %q", test.text, test.limit, got, test.want)
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
// +build go1.7
package errors
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
stderrors "errors"
)
func noErrors(at, depth int) error {
if at >= depth {
return stderrors.New("no error")
}
return noErrors(at+1, depth)
}
func yesErrors(at, depth int) error {
if at >= depth {
return New("ye error")
}
return yesErrors(at+1, depth)
}
func BenchmarkErrors(b *testing.B) {
var toperr error
type run struct {
stack int
std bool
}
runs := []run{
{10, false},
{10, true},
{100, false},
{100, true},
{1000, false},
{1000, true},
}
for _, r := range runs {
part := "pkg/errors"
if r.std {
part = "errors"
}
name := fmt.Sprintf("%s-stack-%d", part, r.stack)
b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
var err error
f := yesErrors
if r.std {
f = noErrors
}
b.ReportAllocs()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
err = f(0, r.stack)
}
b.StopTimer()
toperr = err
})
}
}

View File

@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
package errors
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err string
want error
}{
{"", fmt.Errorf("")},
{"foo", fmt.Errorf("foo")},
{"foo", New("foo")},
{"string with format specifiers: %v", errors.New("string with format specifiers: %v")},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := New(tt.err)
if got.Error() != tt.want.Error() {
t.Errorf("New.Error(): got: %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
}
}
}
func TestWrapNil(t *testing.T) {
got := Wrap(nil, "no error")
if got != nil {
t.Errorf("Wrap(nil, \"no error\"): got %#v, expected nil", got)
}
}
func TestWrap(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
message string
want string
}{
{io.EOF, "read error", "read error: EOF"},
{Wrap(io.EOF, "read error"), "client error", "client error: read error: EOF"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := Wrap(tt.err, tt.message).Error()
if got != tt.want {
t.Errorf("Wrap(%v, %q): got: %v, want %v", tt.err, tt.message, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
type nilError struct{}
func (nilError) Error() string { return "nil error" }
func TestCause(t *testing.T) {
x := New("error")
tests := []struct {
err error
want error
}{{
// nil error is nil
err: nil,
want: nil,
}, {
// explicit nil error is nil
err: (error)(nil),
want: nil,
}, {
// typed nil is nil
err: (*nilError)(nil),
want: (*nilError)(nil),
}, {
// uncaused error is unaffected
err: io.EOF,
want: io.EOF,
}, {
// caused error returns cause
err: Wrap(io.EOF, "ignored"),
want: io.EOF,
}, {
err: x, // return from errors.New
want: x,
}, {
WithMessage(nil, "whoops"),
nil,
}, {
WithMessage(io.EOF, "whoops"),
io.EOF,
}, {
WithStack(nil),
nil,
}, {
WithStack(io.EOF),
io.EOF,
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
got := Cause(tt.err)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
t.Errorf("test %d: got %#v, want %#v", i+1, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
func TestWrapfNil(t *testing.T) {
got := Wrapf(nil, "no error")
if got != nil {
t.Errorf("Wrapf(nil, \"no error\"): got %#v, expected nil", got)
}
}
func TestWrapf(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
message string
want string
}{
{io.EOF, "read error", "read error: EOF"},
{Wrapf(io.EOF, "read error without format specifiers"), "client error", "client error: read error without format specifiers: EOF"},
{Wrapf(io.EOF, "read error with %d format specifier", 1), "client error", "client error: read error with 1 format specifier: EOF"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := Wrapf(tt.err, tt.message).Error()
if got != tt.want {
t.Errorf("Wrapf(%v, %q): got: %v, want %v", tt.err, tt.message, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
func TestErrorf(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
want string
}{
{Errorf("read error without format specifiers"), "read error without format specifiers"},
{Errorf("read error with %d format specifier", 1), "read error with 1 format specifier"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := tt.err.Error()
if got != tt.want {
t.Errorf("Errorf(%v): got: %q, want %q", tt.err, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
func TestWithStackNil(t *testing.T) {
got := WithStack(nil)
if got != nil {
t.Errorf("WithStack(nil): got %#v, expected nil", got)
}
}
func TestWithStack(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
want string
}{
{io.EOF, "EOF"},
{WithStack(io.EOF), "EOF"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := WithStack(tt.err).Error()
if got != tt.want {
t.Errorf("WithStack(%v): got: %v, want %v", tt.err, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
func TestWithMessageNil(t *testing.T) {
got := WithMessage(nil, "no error")
if got != nil {
t.Errorf("WithMessage(nil, \"no error\"): got %#v, expected nil", got)
}
}
func TestWithMessage(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
message string
want string
}{
{io.EOF, "read error", "read error: EOF"},
{WithMessage(io.EOF, "read error"), "client error", "client error: read error: EOF"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := WithMessage(tt.err, tt.message).Error()
if got != tt.want {
t.Errorf("WithMessage(%v, %q): got: %q, want %q", tt.err, tt.message, got, tt.want)
}
}
}
// errors.New, etc values are not expected to be compared by value
// but the change in errors#27 made them incomparable. Assert that
// various kinds of errors have a functional equality operator, even
// if the result of that equality is always false.
func TestErrorEquality(t *testing.T) {
vals := []error{
nil,
io.EOF,
errors.New("EOF"),
New("EOF"),
Errorf("EOF"),
Wrap(io.EOF, "EOF"),
Wrapf(io.EOF, "EOF%d", 2),
WithMessage(nil, "whoops"),
WithMessage(io.EOF, "whoops"),
WithStack(io.EOF),
WithStack(nil),
}
for i := range vals {
for j := range vals {
_ = vals[i] == vals[j] // mustn't panic
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
package errors_test
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
)
func ExampleNew() {
err := errors.New("whoops")
fmt.Println(err)
// Output: whoops
}
func ExampleNew_printf() {
err := errors.New("whoops")
fmt.Printf("%+v", err)
// Example output:
// whoops
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.ExampleNew_printf
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:17
// testing.runExample
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:114
// testing.RunExamples
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:38
// testing.(*M).Run
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/testing.go:744
// main.main
// /github.com/pkg/errors/_test/_testmain.go:106
// runtime.main
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/proc.go:183
// runtime.goexit
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:2059
}
func ExampleWithMessage() {
cause := errors.New("whoops")
err := errors.WithMessage(cause, "oh noes")
fmt.Println(err)
// Output: oh noes: whoops
}
func ExampleWithStack() {
cause := errors.New("whoops")
err := errors.WithStack(cause)
fmt.Println(err)
// Output: whoops
}
func ExampleWithStack_printf() {
cause := errors.New("whoops")
err := errors.WithStack(cause)
fmt.Printf("%+v", err)
// Example Output:
// whoops
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.ExampleWithStack_printf
// /home/fabstu/go/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:55
// testing.runExample
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/example.go:114
// testing.RunExamples
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/example.go:38
// testing.(*M).Run
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/testing.go:744
// main.main
// github.com/pkg/errors/_test/_testmain.go:106
// runtime.main
// /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:183
// runtime.goexit
// /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:2086
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.ExampleWithStack_printf
// /home/fabstu/go/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:56
// testing.runExample
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/example.go:114
// testing.RunExamples
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/example.go:38
// testing.(*M).Run
// /usr/lib/go/src/testing/testing.go:744
// main.main
// github.com/pkg/errors/_test/_testmain.go:106
// runtime.main
// /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:183
// runtime.goexit
// /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:2086
}
func ExampleWrap() {
cause := errors.New("whoops")
err := errors.Wrap(cause, "oh noes")
fmt.Println(err)
// Output: oh noes: whoops
}
func fn() error {
e1 := errors.New("error")
e2 := errors.Wrap(e1, "inner")
e3 := errors.Wrap(e2, "middle")
return errors.Wrap(e3, "outer")
}
func ExampleCause() {
err := fn()
fmt.Println(err)
fmt.Println(errors.Cause(err))
// Output: outer: middle: inner: error
// error
}
func ExampleWrap_extended() {
err := fn()
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", err)
// Example output:
// error
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.fn
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:47
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.ExampleCause_printf
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:63
// testing.runExample
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:114
// testing.RunExamples
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:38
// testing.(*M).Run
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/testing.go:744
// main.main
// /github.com/pkg/errors/_test/_testmain.go:104
// runtime.main
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/proc.go:183
// runtime.goexit
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:2059
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.fn
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:48: inner
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.fn
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:49: middle
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.fn
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:50: outer
}
func ExampleWrapf() {
cause := errors.New("whoops")
err := errors.Wrapf(cause, "oh noes #%d", 2)
fmt.Println(err)
// Output: oh noes #2: whoops
}
func ExampleErrorf_extended() {
err := errors.Errorf("whoops: %s", "foo")
fmt.Printf("%+v", err)
// Example output:
// whoops: foo
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.ExampleErrorf
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:101
// testing.runExample
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:114
// testing.RunExamples
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/example.go:38
// testing.(*M).Run
// /home/dfc/go/src/testing/testing.go:744
// main.main
// /github.com/pkg/errors/_test/_testmain.go:102
// runtime.main
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/proc.go:183
// runtime.goexit
// /home/dfc/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:2059
}
func Example_stackTrace() {
type stackTracer interface {
StackTrace() errors.StackTrace
}
err, ok := errors.Cause(fn()).(stackTracer)
if !ok {
panic("oops, err does not implement stackTracer")
}
st := err.StackTrace()
fmt.Printf("%+v", st[0:2]) // top two frames
// Example output:
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.fn
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:47
// github.com/pkg/errors_test.Example_stackTrace
// /home/dfc/src/github.com/pkg/errors/example_test.go:127
}
func ExampleCause_printf() {
err := errors.Wrap(func() error {
return func() error {
return errors.Errorf("hello %s", fmt.Sprintf("world"))
}()
}(), "failed")
fmt.Printf("%v", err)
// Output: failed: hello world
}

View File

@ -1,535 +0,0 @@
package errors
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"regexp"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func TestFormatNew(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want string
}{{
New("error"),
"%s",
"error",
}, {
New("error"),
"%v",
"error",
}, {
New("error"),
"%+v",
"error\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatNew\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:26",
}, {
New("error"),
"%q",
`"error"`,
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}
func TestFormatErrorf(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want string
}{{
Errorf("%s", "error"),
"%s",
"error",
}, {
Errorf("%s", "error"),
"%v",
"error",
}, {
Errorf("%s", "error"),
"%+v",
"error\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatErrorf\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:56",
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}
func TestFormatWrap(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want string
}{{
Wrap(New("error"), "error2"),
"%s",
"error2: error",
}, {
Wrap(New("error"), "error2"),
"%v",
"error2: error",
}, {
Wrap(New("error"), "error2"),
"%+v",
"error\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWrap\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:82",
}, {
Wrap(io.EOF, "error"),
"%s",
"error: EOF",
}, {
Wrap(io.EOF, "error"),
"%v",
"error: EOF",
}, {
Wrap(io.EOF, "error"),
"%+v",
"EOF\n" +
"error\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWrap\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:96",
}, {
Wrap(Wrap(io.EOF, "error1"), "error2"),
"%+v",
"EOF\n" +
"error1\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWrap\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:103\n",
}, {
Wrap(New("error with space"), "context"),
"%q",
`"context: error with space"`,
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}
func TestFormatWrapf(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want string
}{{
Wrapf(io.EOF, "error%d", 2),
"%s",
"error2: EOF",
}, {
Wrapf(io.EOF, "error%d", 2),
"%v",
"error2: EOF",
}, {
Wrapf(io.EOF, "error%d", 2),
"%+v",
"EOF\n" +
"error2\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWrapf\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:134",
}, {
Wrapf(New("error"), "error%d", 2),
"%s",
"error2: error",
}, {
Wrapf(New("error"), "error%d", 2),
"%v",
"error2: error",
}, {
Wrapf(New("error"), "error%d", 2),
"%+v",
"error\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWrapf\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:149",
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}
func TestFormatWithStack(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want []string
}{{
WithStack(io.EOF),
"%s",
[]string{"EOF"},
}, {
WithStack(io.EOF),
"%v",
[]string{"EOF"},
}, {
WithStack(io.EOF),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:175"},
}, {
WithStack(New("error")),
"%s",
[]string{"error"},
}, {
WithStack(New("error")),
"%v",
[]string{"error"},
}, {
WithStack(New("error")),
"%+v",
[]string{"error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:189",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:189"},
}, {
WithStack(WithStack(io.EOF)),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:197",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:197"},
}, {
WithStack(WithStack(Wrapf(io.EOF, "message"))),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF",
"message",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:205",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:205",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:205"},
}, {
WithStack(Errorf("error%d", 1)),
"%+v",
[]string{"error1",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:216",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithStack\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:216"},
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatCompleteCompare(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want, true)
}
}
func TestFormatWithMessage(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
error
format string
want []string
}{{
WithMessage(New("error"), "error2"),
"%s",
[]string{"error2: error"},
}, {
WithMessage(New("error"), "error2"),
"%v",
[]string{"error2: error"},
}, {
WithMessage(New("error"), "error2"),
"%+v",
[]string{
"error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:244",
"error2"},
}, {
WithMessage(io.EOF, "addition1"),
"%s",
[]string{"addition1: EOF"},
}, {
WithMessage(io.EOF, "addition1"),
"%v",
[]string{"addition1: EOF"},
}, {
WithMessage(io.EOF, "addition1"),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF", "addition1"},
}, {
WithMessage(WithMessage(io.EOF, "addition1"), "addition2"),
"%v",
[]string{"addition2: addition1: EOF"},
}, {
WithMessage(WithMessage(io.EOF, "addition1"), "addition2"),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF", "addition1", "addition2"},
}, {
Wrap(WithMessage(io.EOF, "error1"), "error2"),
"%+v",
[]string{"EOF", "error1", "error2",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:272"},
}, {
WithMessage(Errorf("error%d", 1), "error2"),
"%+v",
[]string{"error1",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:278",
"error2"},
}, {
WithMessage(WithStack(io.EOF), "error"),
"%+v",
[]string{
"EOF",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:285",
"error"},
}, {
WithMessage(Wrap(WithStack(io.EOF), "inside-error"), "outside-error"),
"%+v",
[]string{
"EOF",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:293",
"inside-error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatWithMessage\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:293",
"outside-error"},
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatCompleteCompare(t, i, tt.error, tt.format, tt.want, true)
}
}
func TestFormatGeneric(t *testing.T) {
starts := []struct {
err error
want []string
}{
{New("new-error"), []string{
"new-error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatGeneric\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:315"},
}, {Errorf("errorf-error"), []string{
"errorf-error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestFormatGeneric\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:319"},
}, {errors.New("errors-new-error"), []string{
"errors-new-error"},
},
}
wrappers := []wrapper{
{
func(err error) error { return WithMessage(err, "with-message") },
[]string{"with-message"},
}, {
func(err error) error { return WithStack(err) },
[]string{
"github.com/pkg/errors.(func·002|TestFormatGeneric.func2)\n\t" +
".+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:333",
},
}, {
func(err error) error { return Wrap(err, "wrap-error") },
[]string{
"wrap-error",
"github.com/pkg/errors.(func·003|TestFormatGeneric.func3)\n\t" +
".+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:339",
},
}, {
func(err error) error { return Wrapf(err, "wrapf-error%d", 1) },
[]string{
"wrapf-error1",
"github.com/pkg/errors.(func·004|TestFormatGeneric.func4)\n\t" +
".+/github.com/pkg/errors/format_test.go:346",
},
},
}
for s := range starts {
err := starts[s].err
want := starts[s].want
testFormatCompleteCompare(t, s, err, "%+v", want, false)
testGenericRecursive(t, err, want, wrappers, 3)
}
}
func testFormatRegexp(t *testing.T, n int, arg interface{}, format, want string) {
got := fmt.Sprintf(format, arg)
gotLines := strings.SplitN(got, "\n", -1)
wantLines := strings.SplitN(want, "\n", -1)
if len(wantLines) > len(gotLines) {
t.Errorf("test %d: wantLines(%d) > gotLines(%d):\n got: %q\nwant: %q", n+1, len(wantLines), len(gotLines), got, want)
return
}
for i, w := range wantLines {
match, err := regexp.MatchString(w, gotLines[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !match {
t.Errorf("test %d: line %d: fmt.Sprintf(%q, err):\n got: %q\nwant: %q", n+1, i+1, format, got, want)
}
}
}
var stackLineR = regexp.MustCompile(`\.`)
// parseBlocks parses input into a slice, where:
// - incase entry contains a newline, its a stacktrace
// - incase entry contains no newline, its a solo line.
//
// Detecting stack boundaries only works incase the WithStack-calls are
// to be found on the same line, thats why it is optionally here.
//
// Example use:
//
// for _, e := range blocks {
// if strings.ContainsAny(e, "\n") {
// // Match as stack
// } else {
// // Match as line
// }
// }
//
func parseBlocks(input string, detectStackboundaries bool) ([]string, error) {
var blocks []string
stack := ""
wasStack := false
lines := map[string]bool{} // already found lines
for _, l := range strings.Split(input, "\n") {
isStackLine := stackLineR.MatchString(l)
switch {
case !isStackLine && wasStack:
blocks = append(blocks, stack, l)
stack = ""
lines = map[string]bool{}
case isStackLine:
if wasStack {
// Detecting two stacks after another, possible cause lines match in
// our tests due to WithStack(WithStack(io.EOF)) on same line.
if detectStackboundaries {
if lines[l] {
if len(stack) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("len of block must not be zero here")
}
blocks = append(blocks, stack)
stack = l
lines = map[string]bool{l: true}
continue
}
}
stack = stack + "\n" + l
} else {
stack = l
}
lines[l] = true
case !isStackLine && !wasStack:
blocks = append(blocks, l)
default:
return nil, errors.New("must not happen")
}
wasStack = isStackLine
}
// Use up stack
if stack != "" {
blocks = append(blocks, stack)
}
return blocks, nil
}
func testFormatCompleteCompare(t *testing.T, n int, arg interface{}, format string, want []string, detectStackBoundaries bool) {
gotStr := fmt.Sprintf(format, arg)
got, err := parseBlocks(gotStr, detectStackBoundaries)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if len(got) != len(want) {
t.Fatalf("test %d: fmt.Sprintf(%s, err) -> wrong number of blocks: got(%d) want(%d)\n got: %s\nwant: %s\ngotStr: %q",
n+1, format, len(got), len(want), prettyBlocks(got), prettyBlocks(want), gotStr)
}
for i := range got {
if strings.ContainsAny(want[i], "\n") {
// Match as stack
match, err := regexp.MatchString(want[i], got[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !match {
t.Fatalf("test %d: block %d: fmt.Sprintf(%q, err):\ngot:\n%q\nwant:\n%q\nall-got:\n%s\nall-want:\n%s\n",
n+1, i+1, format, got[i], want[i], prettyBlocks(got), prettyBlocks(want))
}
} else {
// Match as message
if got[i] != want[i] {
t.Fatalf("test %d: fmt.Sprintf(%s, err) at block %d got != want:\n got: %q\nwant: %q", n+1, format, i+1, got[i], want[i])
}
}
}
}
type wrapper struct {
wrap func(err error) error
want []string
}
func prettyBlocks(blocks []string, prefix ...string) string {
var out []string
for _, b := range blocks {
out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%v", b))
}
return " " + strings.Join(out, "\n ")
}
func testGenericRecursive(t *testing.T, beforeErr error, beforeWant []string, list []wrapper, maxDepth int) {
if len(beforeWant) == 0 {
panic("beforeWant must not be empty")
}
for _, w := range list {
if len(w.want) == 0 {
panic("want must not be empty")
}
err := w.wrap(beforeErr)
// Copy required cause append(beforeWant, ..) modified beforeWant subtly.
beforeCopy := make([]string, len(beforeWant))
copy(beforeCopy, beforeWant)
beforeWant := beforeCopy
last := len(beforeWant) - 1
var want []string
// Merge two stacks behind each other.
if strings.ContainsAny(beforeWant[last], "\n") && strings.ContainsAny(w.want[0], "\n") {
want = append(beforeWant[:last], append([]string{beforeWant[last] + "((?s).*)" + w.want[0]}, w.want[1:]...)...)
} else {
want = append(beforeWant, w.want...)
}
testFormatCompleteCompare(t, maxDepth, err, "%+v", want, false)
if maxDepth > 0 {
testGenericRecursive(t, err, want, list, maxDepth-1)
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
package errors
import (
"fmt"
"runtime"
"testing"
)
var initpc, _, _, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
func TestFrameLine(t *testing.T) {
var tests = []struct {
Frame
want int
}{{
Frame(initpc),
9,
}, {
func() Frame {
var pc, _, _, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
return Frame(pc)
}(),
20,
}, {
func() Frame {
var pc, _, _, _ = runtime.Caller(1)
return Frame(pc)
}(),
28,
}, {
Frame(0), // invalid PC
0,
}}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := tt.Frame.line()
want := tt.want
if want != got {
t.Errorf("Frame(%v): want: %v, got: %v", uintptr(tt.Frame), want, got)
}
}
}
type X struct{}
func (x X) val() Frame {
var pc, _, _, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
return Frame(pc)
}
func (x *X) ptr() Frame {
var pc, _, _, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
return Frame(pc)
}
func TestFrameFormat(t *testing.T) {
var tests = []struct {
Frame
format string
want string
}{{
Frame(initpc),
"%s",
"stack_test.go",
}, {
Frame(initpc),
"%+s",
"github.com/pkg/errors.init\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go",
}, {
Frame(0),
"%s",
"unknown",
}, {
Frame(0),
"%+s",
"unknown",
}, {
Frame(initpc),
"%d",
"9",
}, {
Frame(0),
"%d",
"0",
}, {
Frame(initpc),
"%n",
"init",
}, {
func() Frame {
var x X
return x.ptr()
}(),
"%n",
`\(\*X\).ptr`,
}, {
func() Frame {
var x X
return x.val()
}(),
"%n",
"X.val",
}, {
Frame(0),
"%n",
"",
}, {
Frame(initpc),
"%v",
"stack_test.go:9",
}, {
Frame(initpc),
"%+v",
"github.com/pkg/errors.init\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:9",
}, {
Frame(0),
"%v",
"unknown:0",
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.Frame, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}
func TestFuncname(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
name, want string
}{
{"", ""},
{"runtime.main", "main"},
{"github.com/pkg/errors.funcname", "funcname"},
{"funcname", "funcname"},
{"io.copyBuffer", "copyBuffer"},
{"main.(*R).Write", "(*R).Write"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
got := funcname(tt.name)
want := tt.want
if got != want {
t.Errorf("funcname(%q): want: %q, got %q", tt.name, want, got)
}
}
}
func TestTrimGOPATH(t *testing.T) {
var tests = []struct {
Frame
want string
}{{
Frame(initpc),
"github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go",
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
pc := tt.Frame.pc()
fn := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
file, _ := fn.FileLine(pc)
got := trimGOPATH(fn.Name(), file)
testFormatRegexp(t, i, got, "%s", tt.want)
}
}
func TestStackTrace(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
err error
want []string
}{{
New("ooh"), []string{
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:172",
},
}, {
Wrap(New("ooh"), "ahh"), []string{
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:177", // this is the stack of Wrap, not New
},
}, {
Cause(Wrap(New("ooh"), "ahh")), []string{
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:182", // this is the stack of New
},
}, {
func() error { return New("ooh") }(), []string{
`github.com/pkg/errors.(func·009|TestStackTrace.func1)` +
"\n\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:187", // this is the stack of New
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:187", // this is the stack of New's caller
},
}, {
Cause(func() error {
return func() error {
return Errorf("hello %s", fmt.Sprintf("world"))
}()
}()), []string{
`github.com/pkg/errors.(func·010|TestStackTrace.func2.1)` +
"\n\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:196", // this is the stack of Errorf
`github.com/pkg/errors.(func·011|TestStackTrace.func2)` +
"\n\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:197", // this is the stack of Errorf's caller
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:198", // this is the stack of Errorf's caller's caller
},
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
x, ok := tt.err.(interface {
StackTrace() StackTrace
})
if !ok {
t.Errorf("expected %#v to implement StackTrace() StackTrace", tt.err)
continue
}
st := x.StackTrace()
for j, want := range tt.want {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, st[j], "%+v", want)
}
}
}
func stackTrace() StackTrace {
const depth = 8
var pcs [depth]uintptr
n := runtime.Callers(1, pcs[:])
var st stack = pcs[0:n]
return st.StackTrace()
}
func TestStackTraceFormat(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
StackTrace
format string
want string
}{{
nil,
"%s",
`\[\]`,
}, {
nil,
"%v",
`\[\]`,
}, {
nil,
"%+v",
"",
}, {
nil,
"%#v",
`\[\]errors.Frame\(nil\)`,
}, {
make(StackTrace, 0),
"%s",
`\[\]`,
}, {
make(StackTrace, 0),
"%v",
`\[\]`,
}, {
make(StackTrace, 0),
"%+v",
"",
}, {
make(StackTrace, 0),
"%#v",
`\[\]errors.Frame{}`,
}, {
stackTrace()[:2],
"%s",
`\[stack_test.go stack_test.go\]`,
}, {
stackTrace()[:2],
"%v",
`\[stack_test.go:225 stack_test.go:272\]`,
}, {
stackTrace()[:2],
"%+v",
"\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.stackTrace\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:225\n" +
"github.com/pkg/errors.TestStackTraceFormat\n" +
"\t.+/github.com/pkg/errors/stack_test.go:276",
}, {
stackTrace()[:2],
"%#v",
`\[\]errors.Frame{stack_test.go:225, stack_test.go:284}`,
}}
for i, tt := range tests {
testFormatRegexp(t, i, tt.StackTrace, tt.format, tt.want)
}
}

View File

@ -1,772 +0,0 @@
// Package difflib is a partial port of Python difflib module.
//
// It provides tools to compare sequences of strings and generate textual diffs.
//
// The following class and functions have been ported:
//
// - SequenceMatcher
//
// - unified_diff
//
// - context_diff
//
// Getting unified diffs was the main goal of the port. Keep in mind this code
// is mostly suitable to output text differences in a human friendly way, there
// are no guarantees generated diffs are consumable by patch(1).
package difflib
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"strings"
)
func min(a, b int) int {
if a < b {
return a
}
return b
}
func max(a, b int) int {
if a > b {
return a
}
return b
}
func calculateRatio(matches, length int) float64 {
if length > 0 {
return 2.0 * float64(matches) / float64(length)
}
return 1.0
}
type Match struct {
A int
B int
Size int
}
type OpCode struct {
Tag byte
I1 int
I2 int
J1 int
J2 int
}
// SequenceMatcher compares sequence of strings. The basic
// algorithm predates, and is a little fancier than, an algorithm
// published in the late 1980's by Ratcliff and Obershelp under the
// hyperbolic name "gestalt pattern matching". The basic idea is to find
// the longest contiguous matching subsequence that contains no "junk"
// elements (R-O doesn't address junk). The same idea is then applied
// recursively to the pieces of the sequences to the left and to the right
// of the matching subsequence. This does not yield minimal edit
// sequences, but does tend to yield matches that "look right" to people.
//
// SequenceMatcher tries to compute a "human-friendly diff" between two
// sequences. Unlike e.g. UNIX(tm) diff, the fundamental notion is the
// longest *contiguous* & junk-free matching subsequence. That's what
// catches peoples' eyes. The Windows(tm) windiff has another interesting
// notion, pairing up elements that appear uniquely in each sequence.
// That, and the method here, appear to yield more intuitive difference
// reports than does diff. This method appears to be the least vulnerable
// to synching up on blocks of "junk lines", though (like blank lines in
// ordinary text files, or maybe "<P>" lines in HTML files). That may be
// because this is the only method of the 3 that has a *concept* of
// "junk" <wink>.
//
// Timing: Basic R-O is cubic time worst case and quadratic time expected
// case. SequenceMatcher is quadratic time for the worst case and has
// expected-case behavior dependent in a complicated way on how many
// elements the sequences have in common; best case time is linear.
type SequenceMatcher struct {
a []string
b []string
b2j map[string][]int
IsJunk func(string) bool
autoJunk bool
bJunk map[string]struct{}
matchingBlocks []Match
fullBCount map[string]int
bPopular map[string]struct{}
opCodes []OpCode
}
func NewMatcher(a, b []string) *SequenceMatcher {
m := SequenceMatcher{autoJunk: true}
m.SetSeqs(a, b)
return &m
}
func NewMatcherWithJunk(a, b []string, autoJunk bool,
isJunk func(string) bool) *SequenceMatcher {
m := SequenceMatcher{IsJunk: isJunk, autoJunk: autoJunk}
m.SetSeqs(a, b)
return &m
}
// Set two sequences to be compared.
func (m *SequenceMatcher) SetSeqs(a, b []string) {
m.SetSeq1(a)
m.SetSeq2(b)
}
// Set the first sequence to be compared. The second sequence to be compared is
// not changed.
//
// SequenceMatcher computes and caches detailed information about the second
// sequence, so if you want to compare one sequence S against many sequences,
// use .SetSeq2(s) once and call .SetSeq1(x) repeatedly for each of the other
// sequences.
//
// See also SetSeqs() and SetSeq2().
func (m *SequenceMatcher) SetSeq1(a []string) {
if &a == &m.a {
return
}
m.a = a
m.matchingBlocks = nil
m.opCodes = nil
}
// Set the second sequence to be compared. The first sequence to be compared is
// not changed.
func (m *SequenceMatcher) SetSeq2(b []string) {
if &b == &m.b {
return
}
m.b = b
m.matchingBlocks = nil
m.opCodes = nil
m.fullBCount = nil
m.chainB()
}
func (m *SequenceMatcher) chainB() {
// Populate line -> index mapping
b2j := map[string][]int{}
for i, s := range m.b {
indices := b2j[s]
indices = append(indices, i)
b2j[s] = indices
}
// Purge junk elements
m.bJunk = map[string]struct{}{}
if m.IsJunk != nil {
junk := m.bJunk
for s, _ := range b2j {
if m.IsJunk(s) {
junk[s] = struct{}{}
}
}
for s, _ := range junk {
delete(b2j, s)
}
}
// Purge remaining popular elements
popular := map[string]struct{}{}
n := len(m.b)
if m.autoJunk && n >= 200 {
ntest := n/100 + 1
for s, indices := range b2j {
if len(indices) > ntest {
popular[s] = struct{}{}
}
}
for s, _ := range popular {
delete(b2j, s)
}
}
m.bPopular = popular
m.b2j = b2j
}
func (m *SequenceMatcher) isBJunk(s string) bool {
_, ok := m.bJunk[s]
return ok
}
// Find longest matching block in a[alo:ahi] and b[blo:bhi].
//
// If IsJunk is not defined:
//
// Return (i,j,k) such that a[i:i+k] is equal to b[j:j+k], where
// alo <= i <= i+k <= ahi
// blo <= j <= j+k <= bhi
// and for all (i',j',k') meeting those conditions,
// k >= k'
// i <= i'
// and if i == i', j <= j'
//
// In other words, of all maximal matching blocks, return one that
// starts earliest in a, and of all those maximal matching blocks that
// start earliest in a, return the one that starts earliest in b.
//
// If IsJunk is defined, first the longest matching block is
// determined as above, but with the additional restriction that no
// junk element appears in the block. Then that block is extended as
// far as possible by matching (only) junk elements on both sides. So
// the resulting block never matches on junk except as identical junk
// happens to be adjacent to an "interesting" match.
//
// If no blocks match, return (alo, blo, 0).
func (m *SequenceMatcher) findLongestMatch(alo, ahi, blo, bhi int) Match {
// CAUTION: stripping common prefix or suffix would be incorrect.
// E.g.,
// ab
// acab
// Longest matching block is "ab", but if common prefix is
// stripped, it's "a" (tied with "b"). UNIX(tm) diff does so
// strip, so ends up claiming that ab is changed to acab by
// inserting "ca" in the middle. That's minimal but unintuitive:
// "it's obvious" that someone inserted "ac" at the front.
// Windiff ends up at the same place as diff, but by pairing up
// the unique 'b's and then matching the first two 'a's.
besti, bestj, bestsize := alo, blo, 0
// find longest junk-free match
// during an iteration of the loop, j2len[j] = length of longest
// junk-free match ending with a[i-1] and b[j]
j2len := map[int]int{}
for i := alo; i != ahi; i++ {
// look at all instances of a[i] in b; note that because
// b2j has no junk keys, the loop is skipped if a[i] is junk
newj2len := map[int]int{}
for _, j := range m.b2j[m.a[i]] {
// a[i] matches b[j]
if j < blo {
continue
}
if j >= bhi {
break
}
k := j2len[j-1] + 1
newj2len[j] = k
if k > bestsize {
besti, bestj, bestsize = i-k+1, j-k+1, k
}
}
j2len = newj2len
}
// Extend the best by non-junk elements on each end. In particular,
// "popular" non-junk elements aren't in b2j, which greatly speeds
// the inner loop above, but also means "the best" match so far
// doesn't contain any junk *or* popular non-junk elements.
for besti > alo && bestj > blo && !m.isBJunk(m.b[bestj-1]) &&
m.a[besti-1] == m.b[bestj-1] {
besti, bestj, bestsize = besti-1, bestj-1, bestsize+1
}
for besti+bestsize < ahi && bestj+bestsize < bhi &&
!m.isBJunk(m.b[bestj+bestsize]) &&
m.a[besti+bestsize] == m.b[bestj+bestsize] {
bestsize += 1
}
// Now that we have a wholly interesting match (albeit possibly
// empty!), we may as well suck up the matching junk on each
// side of it too. Can't think of a good reason not to, and it
// saves post-processing the (possibly considerable) expense of
// figuring out what to do with it. In the case of an empty
// interesting match, this is clearly the right thing to do,
// because no other kind of match is possible in the regions.
for besti > alo && bestj > blo && m.isBJunk(m.b[bestj-1]) &&
m.a[besti-1] == m.b[bestj-1] {
besti, bestj, bestsize = besti-1, bestj-1, bestsize+1
}
for besti+bestsize < ahi && bestj+bestsize < bhi &&
m.isBJunk(m.b[bestj+bestsize]) &&
m.a[besti+bestsize] == m.b[bestj+bestsize] {
bestsize += 1
}
return Match{A: besti, B: bestj, Size: bestsize}
}
// Return list of triples describing matching subsequences.
//
// Each triple is of the form (i, j, n), and means that
// a[i:i+n] == b[j:j+n]. The triples are monotonically increasing in
// i and in j. It's also guaranteed that if (i, j, n) and (i', j', n') are
// adjacent triples in the list, and the second is not the last triple in the
// list, then i+n != i' or j+n != j'. IOW, adjacent triples never describe
// adjacent equal blocks.
//
// The last triple is a dummy, (len(a), len(b), 0), and is the only
// triple with n==0.
func (m *SequenceMatcher) GetMatchingBlocks() []Match {
if m.matchingBlocks != nil {
return m.matchingBlocks
}
var matchBlocks func(alo, ahi, blo, bhi int, matched []Match) []Match
matchBlocks = func(alo, ahi, blo, bhi int, matched []Match) []Match {
match := m.findLongestMatch(alo, ahi, blo, bhi)
i, j, k := match.A, match.B, match.Size
if match.Size > 0 {
if alo < i && blo < j {
matched = matchBlocks(alo, i, blo, j, matched)
}
matched = append(matched, match)
if i+k < ahi && j+k < bhi {
matched = matchBlocks(i+k, ahi, j+k, bhi, matched)
}
}
return matched
}
matched := matchBlocks(0, len(m.a), 0, len(m.b), nil)
// It's possible that we have adjacent equal blocks in the
// matching_blocks list now.
nonAdjacent := []Match{}
i1, j1, k1 := 0, 0, 0
for _, b := range matched {
// Is this block adjacent to i1, j1, k1?
i2, j2, k2 := b.A, b.B, b.Size
if i1+k1 == i2 && j1+k1 == j2 {
// Yes, so collapse them -- this just increases the length of
// the first block by the length of the second, and the first
// block so lengthened remains the block to compare against.
k1 += k2
} else {
// Not adjacent. Remember the first block (k1==0 means it's
// the dummy we started with), and make the second block the
// new block to compare against.
if k1 > 0 {
nonAdjacent = append(nonAdjacent, Match{i1, j1, k1})
}
i1, j1, k1 = i2, j2, k2
}
}
if k1 > 0 {
nonAdjacent = append(nonAdjacent, Match{i1, j1, k1})
}
nonAdjacent = append(nonAdjacent, Match{len(m.a), len(m.b), 0})
m.matchingBlocks = nonAdjacent
return m.matchingBlocks
}
// Return list of 5-tuples describing how to turn a into b.
//
// Each tuple is of the form (tag, i1, i2, j1, j2). The first tuple
// has i1 == j1 == 0, and remaining tuples have i1 == the i2 from the
// tuple preceding it, and likewise for j1 == the previous j2.
//
// The tags are characters, with these meanings:
//
// 'r' (replace): a[i1:i2] should be replaced by b[j1:j2]
//
// 'd' (delete): a[i1:i2] should be deleted, j1==j2 in this case.
//
// 'i' (insert): b[j1:j2] should be inserted at a[i1:i1], i1==i2 in this case.
//
// 'e' (equal): a[i1:i2] == b[j1:j2]
func (m *SequenceMatcher) GetOpCodes() []OpCode {
if m.opCodes != nil {
return m.opCodes
}
i, j := 0, 0
matching := m.GetMatchingBlocks()
opCodes := make([]OpCode, 0, len(matching))
for _, m := range matching {
// invariant: we've pumped out correct diffs to change
// a[:i] into b[:j], and the next matching block is
// a[ai:ai+size] == b[bj:bj+size]. So we need to pump
// out a diff to change a[i:ai] into b[j:bj], pump out
// the matching block, and move (i,j) beyond the match
ai, bj, size := m.A, m.B, m.Size
tag := byte(0)
if i < ai && j < bj {
tag = 'r'
} else if i < ai {
tag = 'd'
} else if j < bj {
tag = 'i'
}
if tag > 0 {
opCodes = append(opCodes, OpCode{tag, i, ai, j, bj})
}
i, j = ai+size, bj+size
// the list of matching blocks is terminated by a
// sentinel with size 0
if size > 0 {
opCodes = append(opCodes, OpCode{'e', ai, i, bj, j})
}
}
m.opCodes = opCodes
return m.opCodes
}
// Isolate change clusters by eliminating ranges with no changes.
//
// Return a generator of groups with up to n lines of context.
// Each group is in the same format as returned by GetOpCodes().
func (m *SequenceMatcher) GetGroupedOpCodes(n int) [][]OpCode {
if n < 0 {
n = 3
}
codes := m.GetOpCodes()
if len(codes) == 0 {
codes = []OpCode{OpCode{'e', 0, 1, 0, 1}}
}
// Fixup leading and trailing groups if they show no changes.
if codes[0].Tag == 'e' {
c := codes[0]
i1, i2, j1, j2 := c.I1, c.I2, c.J1, c.J2
codes[0] = OpCode{c.Tag, max(i1, i2-n), i2, max(j1, j2-n), j2}
}
if codes[len(codes)-1].Tag == 'e' {
c := codes[len(codes)-1]
i1, i2, j1, j2 := c.I1, c.I2, c.J1, c.J2
codes[len(codes)-1] = OpCode{c.Tag, i1, min(i2, i1+n), j1, min(j2, j1+n)}
}
nn := n + n
groups := [][]OpCode{}
group := []OpCode{}
for _, c := range codes {
i1, i2, j1, j2 := c.I1, c.I2, c.J1, c.J2
// End the current group and start a new one whenever
// there is a large range with no changes.
if c.Tag == 'e' && i2-i1 > nn {
group = append(group, OpCode{c.Tag, i1, min(i2, i1+n),
j1, min(j2, j1+n)})
groups = append(groups, group)
group = []OpCode{}
i1, j1 = max(i1, i2-n), max(j1, j2-n)
}
group = append(group, OpCode{c.Tag, i1, i2, j1, j2})
}
if len(group) > 0 && !(len(group) == 1 && group[0].Tag == 'e') {
groups = append(groups, group)
}
return groups
}
// Return a measure of the sequences' similarity (float in [0,1]).
//
// Where T is the total number of elements in both sequences, and
// M is the number of matches, this is 2.0*M / T.
// Note that this is 1 if the sequences are identical, and 0 if
// they have nothing in common.
//
// .Ratio() is expensive to compute if you haven't already computed
// .GetMatchingBlocks() or .GetOpCodes(), in which case you may
// want to try .QuickRatio() or .RealQuickRation() first to get an
// upper bound.
func (m *SequenceMatcher) Ratio() float64 {
matches := 0
for _, m := range m.GetMatchingBlocks() {
matches += m.Size
}
return calculateRatio(matches, len(m.a)+len(m.b))
}
// Return an upper bound on ratio() relatively quickly.
//
// This isn't defined beyond that it is an upper bound on .Ratio(), and
// is faster to compute.
func (m *SequenceMatcher) QuickRatio() float64 {
// viewing a and b as multisets, set matches to the cardinality
// of their intersection; this counts the number of matches
// without regard to order, so is clearly an upper bound
if m.fullBCount == nil {
m.fullBCount = map[string]int{}
for _, s := range m.b {
m.fullBCount[s] = m.fullBCount[s] + 1
}
}
// avail[x] is the number of times x appears in 'b' less the
// number of times we've seen it in 'a' so far ... kinda
avail := map[string]int{}
matches := 0
for _, s := range m.a {
n, ok := avail[s]
if !ok {
n = m.fullBCount[s]
}
avail[s] = n - 1
if n > 0 {
matches += 1
}
}
return calculateRatio(matches, len(m.a)+len(m.b))
}
// Return an upper bound on ratio() very quickly.
//
// This isn't defined beyond that it is an upper bound on .Ratio(), and
// is faster to compute than either .Ratio() or .QuickRatio().
func (m *SequenceMatcher) RealQuickRatio() float64 {
la, lb := len(m.a), len(m.b)
return calculateRatio(min(la, lb), la+lb)
}
// Convert range to the "ed" format
func formatRangeUnified(start, stop int) string {
// Per the diff spec at http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification/
beginning := start + 1 // lines start numbering with one
length := stop - start
if length == 1 {
return fmt.Sprintf("%d", beginning)
}
if length == 0 {
beginning -= 1 // empty ranges begin at line just before the range
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%d,%d", beginning, length)
}
// Unified diff parameters
type UnifiedDiff struct {
A []string // First sequence lines
FromFile string // First file name
FromDate string // First file time
B []string // Second sequence lines
ToFile string // Second file name
ToDate string // Second file time
Eol string // Headers end of line, defaults to LF
Context int // Number of context lines
}
// Compare two sequences of lines; generate the delta as a unified diff.
//
// Unified diffs are a compact way of showing line changes and a few
// lines of context. The number of context lines is set by 'n' which
// defaults to three.
//
// By default, the diff control lines (those with ---, +++, or @@) are
// created with a trailing newline. This is helpful so that inputs
// created from file.readlines() result in diffs that are suitable for
// file.writelines() since both the inputs and outputs have trailing
// newlines.
//
// For inputs that do not have trailing newlines, set the lineterm
// argument to "" so that the output will be uniformly newline free.
//
// The unidiff format normally has a header for filenames and modification
// times. Any or all of these may be specified using strings for
// 'fromfile', 'tofile', 'fromfiledate', and 'tofiledate'.
// The modification times are normally expressed in the ISO 8601 format.
func WriteUnifiedDiff(writer io.Writer, diff UnifiedDiff) error {
buf := bufio.NewWriter(writer)
defer buf.Flush()
wf := func(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
_, err := buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
return err
}
ws := func(s string) error {
_, err := buf.WriteString(s)
return err
}
if len(diff.Eol) == 0 {
diff.Eol = "\n"
}
started := false
m := NewMatcher(diff.A, diff.B)
for _, g := range m.GetGroupedOpCodes(diff.Context) {
if !started {
started = true
fromDate := ""
if len(diff.FromDate) > 0 {
fromDate = "\t" + diff.FromDate
}
toDate := ""
if len(diff.ToDate) > 0 {
toDate = "\t" + diff.ToDate
}
if diff.FromFile != "" || diff.ToFile != "" {
err := wf("--- %s%s%s", diff.FromFile, fromDate, diff.Eol)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = wf("+++ %s%s%s", diff.ToFile, toDate, diff.Eol)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
first, last := g[0], g[len(g)-1]
range1 := formatRangeUnified(first.I1, last.I2)
range2 := formatRangeUnified(first.J1, last.J2)
if err := wf("@@ -%s +%s @@%s", range1, range2, diff.Eol); err != nil {
return err
}
for _, c := range g {
i1, i2, j1, j2 := c.I1, c.I2, c.J1, c.J2
if c.Tag == 'e' {
for _, line := range diff.A[i1:i2] {
if err := ws(" " + line); err != nil {
return err
}
}
continue
}
if c.Tag == 'r' || c.Tag == 'd' {
for _, line := range diff.A[i1:i2] {
if err := ws("-" + line); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
if c.Tag == 'r' || c.Tag == 'i' {
for _, line := range diff.B[j1:j2] {
if err := ws("+" + line); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
}
}
return nil
}
// Like WriteUnifiedDiff but returns the diff a string.
func GetUnifiedDiffString(diff UnifiedDiff) (string, error) {
w := &bytes.Buffer{}
err := WriteUnifiedDiff(w, diff)
return string(w.Bytes()), err
}
// Convert range to the "ed" format.
func formatRangeContext(start, stop int) string {
// Per the diff spec at http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification/
beginning := start + 1 // lines start numbering with one
length := stop - start
if length == 0 {
beginning -= 1 // empty ranges begin at line just before the range
}
if length <= 1 {
return fmt.Sprintf("%d", beginning)
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%d,%d", beginning, beginning+length-1)
}
type ContextDiff UnifiedDiff
// Compare two sequences of lines; generate the delta as a context diff.
//
// Context diffs are a compact way of showing line changes and a few
// lines of context. The number of context lines is set by diff.Context
// which defaults to three.
//
// By default, the diff control lines (those with *** or ---) are
// created with a trailing newline.
//
// For inputs that do not have trailing newlines, set the diff.Eol
// argument to "" so that the output will be uniformly newline free.
//
// The context diff format normally has a header for filenames and
// modification times. Any or all of these may be specified using
// strings for diff.FromFile, diff.ToFile, diff.FromDate, diff.ToDate.
// The modification times are normally expressed in the ISO 8601 format.
// If not specified, the strings default to blanks.
func WriteContextDiff(writer io.Writer, diff ContextDiff) error {
buf := bufio.NewWriter(writer)
defer buf.Flush()
var diffErr error
wf := func(format string, args ...interface{}) {
_, err := buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
if diffErr == nil && err != nil {
diffErr = err
}
}
ws := func(s string) {
_, err := buf.WriteString(s)
if diffErr == nil && err != nil {
diffErr = err
}
}
if len(diff.Eol) == 0 {
diff.Eol = "\n"
}
prefix := map[byte]string{
'i': "+ ",
'd': "- ",
'r': "! ",
'e': " ",
}
started := false
m := NewMatcher(diff.A, diff.B)
for _, g := range m.GetGroupedOpCodes(diff.Context) {
if !started {
started = true
fromDate := ""
if len(diff.FromDate) > 0 {
fromDate = "\t" + diff.FromDate
}
toDate := ""
if len(diff.ToDate) > 0 {
toDate = "\t" + diff.ToDate
}
if diff.FromFile != "" || diff.ToFile != "" {
wf("*** %s%s%s", diff.FromFile, fromDate, diff.Eol)
wf("--- %s%s%s", diff.ToFile, toDate, diff.Eol)
}
}
first, last := g[0], g[len(g)-1]
ws("***************" + diff.Eol)
range1 := formatRangeContext(first.I1, last.I2)
wf("*** %s ****%s", range1, diff.Eol)
for _, c := range g {
if c.Tag == 'r' || c.Tag == 'd' {
for _, cc := range g {
if cc.Tag == 'i' {
continue
}
for _, line := range diff.A[cc.I1:cc.I2] {
ws(prefix[cc.Tag] + line)
}
}
break
}
}
range2 := formatRangeContext(first.J1, last.J2)
wf("--- %s ----%s", range2, diff.Eol)
for _, c := range g {
if c.Tag == 'r' || c.Tag == 'i' {
for _, cc := range g {
if cc.Tag == 'd' {
continue
}
for _, line := range diff.B[cc.J1:cc.J2] {
ws(prefix[cc.Tag] + line)
}
}
break
}
}
}
return diffErr
}
// Like WriteContextDiff but returns the diff a string.
func GetContextDiffString(diff ContextDiff) (string, error) {
w := &bytes.Buffer{}
err := WriteContextDiff(w, diff)
return string(w.Bytes()), err
}
// Split a string on "\n" while preserving them. The output can be used
// as input for UnifiedDiff and ContextDiff structures.
func SplitLines(s string) []string {
lines := strings.SplitAfter(s, "\n")
lines[len(lines)-1] += "\n"
return lines
}

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@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
package difflib
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"math"
"reflect"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func assertAlmostEqual(t *testing.T, a, b float64, places int) {
if math.Abs(a-b) > math.Pow10(-places) {
t.Errorf("%.7f != %.7f", a, b)
}
}
func assertEqual(t *testing.T, a, b interface{}) {
if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
t.Errorf("%v != %v", a, b)
}
}
func splitChars(s string) []string {
chars := make([]string, 0, len(s))
// Assume ASCII inputs
for i := 0; i != len(s); i++ {
chars = append(chars, string(s[i]))
}
return chars
}
func TestSequenceMatcherRatio(t *testing.T) {
s := NewMatcher(splitChars("abcd"), splitChars("bcde"))
assertEqual(t, s.Ratio(), 0.75)
assertEqual(t, s.QuickRatio(), 0.75)
assertEqual(t, s.RealQuickRatio(), 1.0)
}
func TestGetOptCodes(t *testing.T) {
a := "qabxcd"
b := "abycdf"
s := NewMatcher(splitChars(a), splitChars(b))
w := &bytes.Buffer{}
for _, op := range s.GetOpCodes() {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s a[%d:%d], (%s) b[%d:%d] (%s)\n", string(op.Tag),
op.I1, op.I2, a[op.I1:op.I2], op.J1, op.J2, b[op.J1:op.J2])
}
result := string(w.Bytes())
expected := `d a[0:1], (q) b[0:0] ()
e a[1:3], (ab) b[0:2] (ab)
r a[3:4], (x) b[2:3] (y)
e a[4:6], (cd) b[3:5] (cd)
i a[6:6], () b[5:6] (f)
`
if expected != result {
t.Errorf("unexpected op codes: \n%s", result)
}
}
func TestGroupedOpCodes(t *testing.T) {
a := []string{}
for i := 0; i != 39; i++ {
a = append(a, fmt.Sprintf("%02d", i))
}
b := []string{}
b = append(b, a[:8]...)
b = append(b, " i")
b = append(b, a[8:19]...)
b = append(b, " x")
b = append(b, a[20:22]...)
b = append(b, a[27:34]...)
b = append(b, " y")
b = append(b, a[35:]...)
s := NewMatcher(a, b)
w := &bytes.Buffer{}
for _, g := range s.GetGroupedOpCodes(-1) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "group\n")
for _, op := range g {
fmt.Fprintf(w, " %s, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", string(op.Tag),
op.I1, op.I2, op.J1, op.J2)
}
}
result := string(w.Bytes())
expected := `group
e, 5, 8, 5, 8
i, 8, 8, 8, 9
e, 8, 11, 9, 12
group
e, 16, 19, 17, 20
r, 19, 20, 20, 21
e, 20, 22, 21, 23
d, 22, 27, 23, 23
e, 27, 30, 23, 26
group
e, 31, 34, 27, 30
r, 34, 35, 30, 31
e, 35, 38, 31, 34
`
if expected != result {
t.Errorf("unexpected op codes: \n%s", result)
}
}
func ExampleGetUnifiedDiffCode() {
a := `one
two
three
four
fmt.Printf("%s,%T",a,b)`
b := `zero
one
three
four`
diff := UnifiedDiff{
A: SplitLines(a),
B: SplitLines(b),
FromFile: "Original",
FromDate: "2005-01-26 23:30:50",
ToFile: "Current",
ToDate: "2010-04-02 10:20:52",
Context: 3,
}
result, _ := GetUnifiedDiffString(diff)
fmt.Println(strings.Replace(result, "\t", " ", -1))
// Output:
// --- Original 2005-01-26 23:30:50
// +++ Current 2010-04-02 10:20:52
// @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
// +zero
// one
// -two
// three
// four
// -fmt.Printf("%s,%T",a,b)
}
func ExampleGetContextDiffCode() {
a := `one
two
three
four
fmt.Printf("%s,%T",a,b)`
b := `zero
one
tree
four`
diff := ContextDiff{
A: SplitLines(a),
B: SplitLines(b),
FromFile: "Original",
ToFile: "Current",
Context: 3,
Eol: "\n",
}
result, _ := GetContextDiffString(diff)
fmt.Print(strings.Replace(result, "\t", " ", -1))
// Output:
// *** Original
// --- Current
// ***************
// *** 1,5 ****
// one
// ! two
// ! three
// four
// - fmt.Printf("%s,%T",a,b)
// --- 1,4 ----
// + zero
// one
// ! tree
// four
}
func ExampleGetContextDiffString() {
a := `one
two
three
four`
b := `zero
one
tree
four`
diff := ContextDiff{
A: SplitLines(a),
B: SplitLines(b),
FromFile: "Original",
ToFile: "Current",
Context: 3,
Eol: "\n",
}
result, _ := GetContextDiffString(diff)
fmt.Printf(strings.Replace(result, "\t", " ", -1))
// Output:
// *** Original
// --- Current
// ***************
// *** 1,4 ****
// one
// ! two
// ! three
// four
// --- 1,4 ----
// + zero
// one
// ! tree
// four
}
func rep(s string, count int) string {
return strings.Repeat(s, count)
}
func TestWithAsciiOneInsert(t *testing.T) {
sm := NewMatcher(splitChars(rep("b", 100)),
splitChars("a"+rep("b", 100)))
assertAlmostEqual(t, sm.Ratio(), 0.995, 3)
assertEqual(t, sm.GetOpCodes(),
[]OpCode{{'i', 0, 0, 0, 1}, {'e', 0, 100, 1, 101}})
assertEqual(t, len(sm.bPopular), 0)
sm = NewMatcher(splitChars(rep("b", 100)),
splitChars(rep("b", 50)+"a"+rep("b", 50)))
assertAlmostEqual(t, sm.Ratio(), 0.995, 3)
assertEqual(t, sm.GetOpCodes(),
[]OpCode{{'e', 0, 50, 0, 50}, {'i', 50, 50, 50, 51}, {'e', 50, 100, 51, 101}})
assertEqual(t, len(sm.bPopular), 0)
}
func TestWithAsciiOnDelete(t *testing.T) {
sm := NewMatcher(splitChars(rep("a", 40)+"c"+rep("b", 40)),
splitChars(rep("a", 40)+rep("b", 40)))
assertAlmostEqual(t, sm.Ratio(), 0.994, 3)
assertEqual(t, sm.GetOpCodes(),
[]OpCode{{'e', 0, 40, 0, 40}, {'d', 40, 41, 40, 40}, {'e', 41, 81, 40, 80}})
}
func TestWithAsciiBJunk(t *testing.T) {
isJunk := func(s string) bool {
return s == " "
}
sm := NewMatcherWithJunk(splitChars(rep("a", 40)+rep("b", 40)),
splitChars(rep("a", 44)+rep("b", 40)), true, isJunk)
assertEqual(t, sm.bJunk, map[string]struct{}{})
sm = NewMatcherWithJunk(splitChars(rep("a", 40)+rep("b", 40)),
splitChars(rep("a", 44)+rep("b", 40)+rep(" ", 20)), false, isJunk)
assertEqual(t, sm.bJunk, map[string]struct{}{" ": struct{}{}})
isJunk = func(s string) bool {
return s == " " || s == "b"
}
sm = NewMatcherWithJunk(splitChars(rep("a", 40)+rep("b", 40)),
splitChars(rep("a", 44)+rep("b", 40)+rep(" ", 20)), false, isJunk)
assertEqual(t, sm.bJunk, map[string]struct{}{" ": struct{}{}, "b": struct{}{}})
}
func TestSFBugsRatioForNullSeqn(t *testing.T) {
sm := NewMatcher(nil, nil)
assertEqual(t, sm.Ratio(), 1.0)
assertEqual(t, sm.QuickRatio(), 1.0)
assertEqual(t, sm.RealQuickRatio(), 1.0)
}
func TestSFBugsComparingEmptyLists(t *testing.T) {
groups := NewMatcher(nil, nil).GetGroupedOpCodes(-1)
assertEqual(t, len(groups), 0)
diff := UnifiedDiff{
FromFile: "Original",
ToFile: "Current",
Context: 3,
}
result, err := GetUnifiedDiffString(diff)
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, result, "")
}
func TestOutputFormatRangeFormatUnified(t *testing.T) {
// Per the diff spec at http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification/
//
// Each <range> field shall be of the form:
// %1d", <beginning line number> if the range contains exactly one line,
// and:
// "%1d,%1d", <beginning line number>, <number of lines> otherwise.
// If a range is empty, its beginning line number shall be the number of
// the line just before the range, or 0 if the empty range starts the file.
fm := formatRangeUnified
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 3), "3,0")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 4), "4")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 5), "4,2")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 6), "4,3")
assertEqual(t, fm(0, 0), "0,0")
}
func TestOutputFormatRangeFormatContext(t *testing.T) {
// Per the diff spec at http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification/
//
// The range of lines in file1 shall be written in the following format
// if the range contains two or more lines:
// "*** %d,%d ****\n", <beginning line number>, <ending line number>
// and the following format otherwise:
// "*** %d ****\n", <ending line number>
// The ending line number of an empty range shall be the number of the preceding line,
// or 0 if the range is at the start of the file.
//
// Next, the range of lines in file2 shall be written in the following format
// if the range contains two or more lines:
// "--- %d,%d ----\n", <beginning line number>, <ending line number>
// and the following format otherwise:
// "--- %d ----\n", <ending line number>
fm := formatRangeContext
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 3), "3")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 4), "4")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 5), "4,5")
assertEqual(t, fm(3, 6), "4,6")
assertEqual(t, fm(0, 0), "0")
}
func TestOutputFormatTabDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
diff := UnifiedDiff{
A: splitChars("one"),
B: splitChars("two"),
FromFile: "Original",
FromDate: "2005-01-26 23:30:50",
ToFile: "Current",
ToDate: "2010-04-12 10:20:52",
Eol: "\n",
}
ud, err := GetUnifiedDiffString(diff)
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(ud)[:2], []string{
"--- Original\t2005-01-26 23:30:50\n",
"+++ Current\t2010-04-12 10:20:52\n",
})
cd, err := GetContextDiffString(ContextDiff(diff))
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(cd)[:2], []string{
"*** Original\t2005-01-26 23:30:50\n",
"--- Current\t2010-04-12 10:20:52\n",
})
}
func TestOutputFormatNoTrailingTabOnEmptyFiledate(t *testing.T) {
diff := UnifiedDiff{
A: splitChars("one"),
B: splitChars("two"),
FromFile: "Original",
ToFile: "Current",
Eol: "\n",
}
ud, err := GetUnifiedDiffString(diff)
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(ud)[:2], []string{"--- Original\n", "+++ Current\n"})
cd, err := GetContextDiffString(ContextDiff(diff))
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(cd)[:2], []string{"*** Original\n", "--- Current\n"})
}
func TestOmitFilenames(t *testing.T) {
diff := UnifiedDiff{
A: SplitLines("o\nn\ne\n"),
B: SplitLines("t\nw\no\n"),
Eol: "\n",
}
ud, err := GetUnifiedDiffString(diff)
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(ud), []string{
"@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@\n",
"+t\n",
"+w\n",
"@@ -2,2 +3,0 @@\n",
"-n\n",
"-e\n",
"\n",
})
cd, err := GetContextDiffString(ContextDiff(diff))
assertEqual(t, err, nil)
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(cd), []string{
"***************\n",
"*** 0 ****\n",
"--- 1,2 ----\n",
"+ t\n",
"+ w\n",
"***************\n",
"*** 2,3 ****\n",
"- n\n",
"- e\n",
"--- 3 ----\n",
"\n",
})
}
func TestSplitLines(t *testing.T) {
allTests := []struct {
input string
want []string
}{
{"foo", []string{"foo\n"}},
{"foo\nbar", []string{"foo\n", "bar\n"}},
{"foo\nbar\n", []string{"foo\n", "bar\n", "\n"}},
}
for _, test := range allTests {
assertEqual(t, SplitLines(test.input), test.want)
}
}
func benchmarkSplitLines(b *testing.B, count int) {
str := strings.Repeat("foo\n", count)
b.ResetTimer()
n := 0
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
n += len(SplitLines(str))
}
}
func BenchmarkSplitLines100(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkSplitLines(b, 100)
}
func BenchmarkSplitLines10000(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkSplitLines(b, 10000)
}

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

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@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
package blackfriday
import (
"bytes"
"testing"
)
func TestEsc(t *testing.T) {
tests := []string{
"abc", "abc",
"a&c", "a&amp;c",
"<", "&lt;",
"[]:<", "[]:&lt;",
"Hello <!--", "Hello &lt;!--",
}
for i := 0; i < len(tests); i += 2 {
var b bytes.Buffer
escapeHTML(&b, []byte(tests[i]))
if !bytes.Equal(b.Bytes(), []byte(tests[i+1])) {
t.Errorf("\nInput [%#v]\nExpected[%#v]\nActual [%#v]",
tests[i], tests[i+1], b.String())
}
}
}
func BenchmarkEscapeHTML(b *testing.B) {
tests := [][]byte{
[]byte(""),
[]byte("AT&T has an ampersand in their name."),
[]byte("AT&amp;T is another way to write it."),
[]byte("This & that."),
[]byte("4 < 5."),
[]byte("6 > 5."),
[]byte("Here's a [link] [1] with an ampersand in the URL."),
[]byte("Here's a link with an ampersand in the link text: [AT&T] [2]."),
[]byte("Here's an inline [link](/script?foo=1&bar=2)."),
[]byte("Here's an inline [link](</script?foo=1&bar=2>)."),
[]byte("[1]: http://example.com/?foo=1&bar=2"),
[]byte("[2]: http://att.com/ \"AT&T\""),
}
var buf bytes.Buffer
for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
for _, t := range tests {
escapeHTML(&buf, t)
buf.Reset()
}
}
}

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@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
//
// Blackfriday Markdown Processor
// Available at http://github.com/russross/blackfriday
//
// Copyright © 2011 Russ Ross <russ@russross.com>.
// Distributed under the Simplified BSD License.
// See README.md for details.
//
//
// Helper functions for unit testing
//
package blackfriday
import (
"io/ioutil"
"path/filepath"
"regexp"
"testing"
)
type TestParams struct {
extensions Extensions
referenceOverride ReferenceOverrideFunc
HTMLFlags
HTMLRendererParameters
}
func execRecoverableTestSuite(t *testing.T, tests []string, params TestParams, suite func(candidate *string)) {
// Catch and report panics. This is useful when running 'go test -v' on
// the integration server. When developing, though, crash dump is often
// preferable, so recovery can be easily turned off with doRecover = false.
var candidate string
const doRecover = true
if doRecover {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
t.Errorf("\npanic while processing [%#v]: %s\n", candidate, err)
}
}()
}
suite(&candidate)
}
func runMarkdown(input string, params TestParams) string {
params.HTMLRendererParameters.Flags = params.HTMLFlags
renderer := NewHTMLRenderer(params.HTMLRendererParameters)
return string(Run([]byte(input), WithRenderer(renderer),
WithExtensions(params.extensions),
WithRefOverride(params.referenceOverride)))
}
// doTests runs full document tests using MarkdownCommon configuration.
func doTests(t *testing.T, tests []string) {
doTestsParam(t, tests, TestParams{
extensions: CommonExtensions,
HTMLRendererParameters: HTMLRendererParameters{
Flags: CommonHTMLFlags,
},
})
}
func doTestsBlock(t *testing.T, tests []string, extensions Extensions) {
doTestsParam(t, tests, TestParams{
extensions: extensions,
HTMLFlags: UseXHTML,
})
}
func doTestsParam(t *testing.T, tests []string, params TestParams) {
execRecoverableTestSuite(t, tests, params, func(candidate *string) {
for i := 0; i+1 < len(tests); i += 2 {
input := tests[i]
*candidate = input
expected := tests[i+1]
actual := runMarkdown(*candidate, params)
if actual != expected {
t.Errorf("\nInput [%#v]\nExpected[%#v]\nActual [%#v]",
*candidate, expected, actual)
}
// now test every substring to stress test bounds checking
if !testing.Short() {
for start := 0; start < len(input); start++ {
for end := start + 1; end <= len(input); end++ {
*candidate = input[start:end]
runMarkdown(*candidate, params)
}
}
}
}
})
}
func doTestsInline(t *testing.T, tests []string) {
doTestsInlineParam(t, tests, TestParams{})
}
func doLinkTestsInline(t *testing.T, tests []string) {
doTestsInline(t, tests)
prefix := "http://localhost"
params := HTMLRendererParameters{AbsolutePrefix: prefix}
transformTests := transformLinks(tests, prefix)
doTestsInlineParam(t, transformTests, TestParams{
HTMLRendererParameters: params,
})
doTestsInlineParam(t, transformTests, TestParams{
HTMLFlags: UseXHTML,
HTMLRendererParameters: params,
})
}
func doSafeTestsInline(t *testing.T, tests []string) {
doTestsInlineParam(t, tests, TestParams{HTMLFlags: Safelink})
// All the links in this test should not have the prefix appended, so
// just rerun it with different parameters and the same expectations.
prefix := "http://localhost"
params := HTMLRendererParameters{AbsolutePrefix: prefix}
transformTests := transformLinks(tests, prefix)
doTestsInlineParam(t, transformTests, TestParams{
HTMLFlags: Safelink,
HTMLRendererParameters: params,
})
}
func doTestsInlineParam(t *testing.T, tests []string, params TestParams) {
params.extensions |= Autolink | Strikethrough
params.HTMLFlags |= UseXHTML
doTestsParam(t, tests, params)
}
func transformLinks(tests []string, prefix string) []string {
newTests := make([]string, len(tests))
anchorRe := regexp.MustCompile(`<a href="/(.*?)"`)
imgRe := regexp.MustCompile(`<img src="/(.*?)"`)
for i, test := range tests {
if i%2 == 1 {
test = anchorRe.ReplaceAllString(test, `<a href="`+prefix+`/$1"`)
test = imgRe.ReplaceAllString(test, `<img src="`+prefix+`/$1"`)
}
newTests[i] = test
}
return newTests
}
func doTestsReference(t *testing.T, files []string, flag Extensions) {
params := TestParams{extensions: flag}
execRecoverableTestSuite(t, files, params, func(candidate *string) {
for _, basename := range files {
filename := filepath.Join("testdata", basename+".text")
inputBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Couldn't open '%s', error: %v\n", filename, err)
continue
}
input := string(inputBytes)
filename = filepath.Join("testdata", basename+".html")
expectedBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Couldn't open '%s', error: %v\n", filename, err)
continue
}
expected := string(expectedBytes)
actual := string(runMarkdown(input, params))
if actual != expected {
t.Errorf("\n [%#v]\nExpected[%#v]\nActual [%#v]",
basename+".text", expected, actual)
}
// now test every prefix of every input to check for
// bounds checking
if !testing.Short() {
start, max := 0, len(input)
for end := start + 1; end <= max; end++ {
*candidate = input[start:end]
runMarkdown(*candidate, params)
}
}
}
})
}

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@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
//
// Blackfriday Markdown Processor
// Available at http://github.com/russross/blackfriday
//
// Copyright © 2011 Russ Ross <russ@russross.com>.
// Distributed under the Simplified BSD License.
// See README.md for details.
//
//
// Unit tests for full document parsing and rendering
//
package blackfriday
import "testing"
func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
var tests = []string{
// Empty document.
"",
"",
" ",
"",
// This shouldn't panic.
// https://github.com/russross/blackfriday/issues/172
"[]:<",
"<p>[]:&lt;</p>\n",
// This shouldn't panic.
// https://github.com/russross/blackfriday/issues/173
" [",
"<p>[</p>\n",
}
doTests(t, tests)
}

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@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
//
// Blackfriday Markdown Processor
// Available at http://github.com/russross/blackfriday
//
// Copyright © 2011 Russ Ross <russ@russross.com>.
// Distributed under the Simplified BSD License.
// See README.md for details.
//
//
// Markdown 1.0.3 reference tests
//
package blackfriday
import (
"io/ioutil"
"path/filepath"
"testing"
)
func TestReference(t *testing.T) {
files := []string{
"Amps and angle encoding",
"Auto links",
"Backslash escapes",
"Blockquotes with code blocks",
"Code Blocks",
"Code Spans",
"Hard-wrapped paragraphs with list-like lines",
"Horizontal rules",
"Inline HTML (Advanced)",
"Inline HTML (Simple)",
"Inline HTML comments",
"Links, inline style",
"Links, reference style",
"Links, shortcut references",
"Literal quotes in titles",
"Markdown Documentation - Basics",
"Markdown Documentation - Syntax",
"Nested blockquotes",
"Ordered and unordered lists",
"Strong and em together",
"Tabs",
"Tidyness",
}
doTestsReference(t, files, 0)
}
func TestReference_EXTENSION_NO_EMPTY_LINE_BEFORE_BLOCK(t *testing.T) {
files := []string{
"Amps and angle encoding",
"Auto links",
"Backslash escapes",
"Blockquotes with code blocks",
"Code Blocks",
"Code Spans",
"Hard-wrapped paragraphs with list-like lines no empty line before block",
"Horizontal rules",
"Inline HTML (Advanced)",
"Inline HTML (Simple)",
"Inline HTML comments",
"Links, inline style",
"Links, reference style",
"Links, shortcut references",
"Literal quotes in titles",
"Markdown Documentation - Basics",
"Markdown Documentation - Syntax",
"Nested blockquotes",
"Ordered and unordered lists",
"Strong and em together",
"Tabs",
"Tidyness",
}
doTestsReference(t, files, NoEmptyLineBeforeBlock)
}
// benchResultAnchor is an anchor variable to store the result of a benchmarked
// code so that compiler could never optimize away the call to runMarkdown()
var benchResultAnchor string
func BenchmarkReference(b *testing.B) {
params := TestParams{extensions: CommonExtensions}
files := []string{
"Amps and angle encoding",
"Auto links",
"Backslash escapes",
"Blockquotes with code blocks",
"Code Blocks",
"Code Spans",
"Hard-wrapped paragraphs with list-like lines",
"Horizontal rules",
"Inline HTML (Advanced)",
"Inline HTML (Simple)",
"Inline HTML comments",
"Links, inline style",
"Links, reference style",
"Links, shortcut references",
"Literal quotes in titles",
"Markdown Documentation - Basics",
"Markdown Documentation - Syntax",
"Nested blockquotes",
"Ordered and unordered lists",
"Strong and em together",
"Tabs",
"Tidyness",
}
var tests []string
for _, basename := range files {
filename := filepath.Join("testdata", basename+".text")
inputBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
b.Errorf("Couldn't open '%s', error: %v\n", filename, err)
continue
}
tests = append(tests, string(inputBytes))
}
b.ResetTimer()
for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
for _, test := range tests {
benchResultAnchor = runMarkdown(test, params)
}
}
}

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@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
<p>AT&amp;T has an ampersand in their name.</p>
<p>AT&amp;T is another way to write it.</p>
<p>This &amp; that.</p>
<p>4 &lt; 5.</p>
<p>6 &gt; 5.</p>
<p>Here's a <a href="http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a> with an ampersand in the URL.</p>
<p>Here's a link with an amersand in the link text: <a href="http://att.com/" title="AT&amp;T">AT&amp;T</a>.</p>
<p>Here's an inline <a href="/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a>.</p>
<p>Here's an inline <a href="/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a>.</p>

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@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
AT&T has an ampersand in their name.
AT&amp;T is another way to write it.
This & that.
4 < 5.
6 > 5.
Here's a [link] [1] with an ampersand in the URL.
Here's a link with an amersand in the link text: [AT&T] [2].
Here's an inline [link](/script?foo=1&bar=2).
Here's an inline [link](</script?foo=1&bar=2>).
[1]: http://example.com/?foo=1&bar=2
[2]: http://att.com/ "AT&T"

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@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
<p>Link: <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>.</p>
<p>With an ampersand: <a href="http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2">http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2</a></p>
<ul>
<li>In a list?</li>
<li><a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a></li>
<li>It should.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Blockquoted: <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Auto-links should not occur here: <code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;</code></p>
<pre><code>or here: &lt;http://example.com/&gt;
</code></pre>

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@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
Link: <http://example.com/>.
With an ampersand: <http://example.com/?foo=1&bar=2>
* In a list?
* <http://example.com/>
* It should.
> Blockquoted: <http://example.com/>
Auto-links should not occur here: `<http://example.com/>`
or here: <http://example.com/>

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@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
<p>These should all get escaped:</p>
<p>Backslash: \</p>
<p>Backtick: `</p>
<p>Asterisk: *</p>
<p>Underscore: _</p>
<p>Left brace: {</p>
<p>Right brace: }</p>
<p>Left bracket: [</p>
<p>Right bracket: ]</p>
<p>Left paren: (</p>
<p>Right paren: )</p>
<p>Greater-than: &gt;</p>
<p>Hash: #</p>
<p>Period: .</p>
<p>Bang: !</p>
<p>Plus: +</p>
<p>Minus: -</p>
<p>Tilde: ~</p>
<p>These should not, because they occur within a code block:</p>
<pre><code>Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \&gt;
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
Tilde: \~
</code></pre>
<p>Nor should these, which occur in code spans:</p>
<p>Backslash: <code>\\</code></p>
<p>Backtick: <code>\`</code></p>
<p>Asterisk: <code>\*</code></p>
<p>Underscore: <code>\_</code></p>
<p>Left brace: <code>\{</code></p>
<p>Right brace: <code>\}</code></p>
<p>Left bracket: <code>\[</code></p>
<p>Right bracket: <code>\]</code></p>
<p>Left paren: <code>\(</code></p>
<p>Right paren: <code>\)</code></p>
<p>Greater-than: <code>\&gt;</code></p>
<p>Hash: <code>\#</code></p>
<p>Period: <code>\.</code></p>
<p>Bang: <code>\!</code></p>
<p>Plus: <code>\+</code></p>
<p>Minus: <code>\-</code></p>
<p>Tilde: <code>\~</code></p>
<p>These should get escaped, even though they're matching pairs for
other Markdown constructs:</p>
<p>*asterisks*</p>
<p>_underscores_</p>
<p>`backticks`</p>
<p>This is a code span with a literal backslash-backtick sequence: <code>\`</code></p>
<p>This is a tag with unescaped backticks <span attr='`ticks`'>bar</span>.</p>
<p>This is a tag with backslashes <span attr='\\backslashes\\'>bar</span>.</p>

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@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
These should all get escaped:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
Tilde: \~
These should not, because they occur within a code block:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
Tilde: \~
Nor should these, which occur in code spans:
Backslash: `\\`
Backtick: `` \` ``
Asterisk: `\*`
Underscore: `\_`
Left brace: `\{`
Right brace: `\}`
Left bracket: `\[`
Right bracket: `\]`
Left paren: `\(`
Right paren: `\)`
Greater-than: `\>`
Hash: `\#`
Period: `\.`
Bang: `\!`
Plus: `\+`
Minus: `\-`
Tilde: `\~`
These should get escaped, even though they're matching pairs for
other Markdown constructs:
\*asterisks\*
\_underscores\_
\`backticks\`
This is a code span with a literal backslash-backtick sequence: `` \` ``
This is a tag with unescaped backticks <span attr='`ticks`'>bar</span>.
This is a tag with backslashes <span attr='\\backslashes\\'>bar</span>.

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@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
<blockquote>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
print &quot;working&quot;;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Or:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
return &quot;working&quot;;
}
</code></pre>
</blockquote>

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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
> Example:
>
> sub status {
> print "working";
> }
>
> Or:
>
> sub status {
> return "working";
> }

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@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
<pre><code>code block on the first line
</code></pre>
<p>Regular text.</p>
<pre><code>code block indented by spaces
</code></pre>
<p>Regular text.</p>
<pre><code>the lines in this block
all contain trailing spaces
</code></pre>
<p>Regular Text.</p>
<pre><code>code block on the last line
</code></pre>

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
code block on the first line
Regular text.
code block indented by spaces
Regular text.
the lines in this block
all contain trailing spaces
Regular Text.
code block on the last line

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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
<p><code>&lt;test a=&quot;</code> content of attribute <code>&quot;&gt;</code></p>
<p>Fix for backticks within HTML tag: <span attr='`ticks`'>like this</span></p>
<p>Here's how you put <code>`backticks`</code> in a code span.</p>

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@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
`<test a="` content of attribute `">`
Fix for backticks within HTML tag: <span attr='`ticks`'>like this</span>
Here's how you put `` `backticks` `` in a code span.

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
<p>In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version</p>
<ol>
<li>This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.</li>
</ol>
<p>Here's one with a bullet.</p>
<ul>
<li>criminey.</li>
</ul>

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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version
8. This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.
Here's one with a bullet.
* criminey.

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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
<p>In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version
8. This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.</p>
<p>Here's one with a bullet.
* criminey.</p>

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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version
8. This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.
Here's one with a bullet.
* criminey.

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@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
<p>Dashes:</p>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>---
</code></pre>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>- - -
</code></pre>
<p>Asterisks:</p>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>***
</code></pre>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>* * *
</code></pre>
<p>Underscores:</p>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>___
</code></pre>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<pre><code>_ _ _
</code></pre>

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@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
Dashes:
---
---
---
---
---
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
Asterisks:
***
***
***
***
***
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
Underscores:
___
___
___
___
___
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _

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@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
<p>Simple block on one line:</p>
<div>foo</div>
<p>And nested without indentation:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
<div style=">"/>
</div>
<div>bar</div>
</div>

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@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
Simple block on one line:
<div>foo</div>
And nested without indentation:
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
<div style=">"/>
</div>
<div>bar</div>
</div>

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@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
<p>Here's a simple block:</p>
<div>
foo
</div>
<p>This should be a code block, though:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;
foo
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>As should this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;foo&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Now, nested:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This should just be an HTML comment:</p>
<!-- Comment -->
<p>Multiline:</p>
<!--
Blah
Blah
-->
<p>Code block:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Comment --&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Just plain comment, with trailing spaces on the line:</p>
<!-- foo -->
<p>Code:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;hr /&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Hr's:</p>
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr class="foo" id="bar" />
<hr class="foo" id="bar"/>
<hr class="foo" id="bar" >

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@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
Here's a simple block:
<div>
foo
</div>
This should be a code block, though:
<div>
foo
</div>
As should this:
<div>foo</div>
Now, nested:
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
</div>
This should just be an HTML comment:
<!-- Comment -->
Multiline:
<!--
Blah
Blah
-->
Code block:
<!-- Comment -->
Just plain comment, with trailing spaces on the line:
<!-- foo -->
Code:
<hr />
Hr's:
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr class="foo" id="bar" />
<hr class="foo" id="bar"/>
<hr class="foo" id="bar" >

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@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
<p>Paragraph one.</p>
<!-- This is a simple comment -->
<!--
This is another comment.
-->
<p>Paragraph two.</p>
<!-- one comment block -- -- with two comments -->
<p>The end.</p>

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@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
Paragraph one.
<!-- This is a simple comment -->
<!--
This is another comment.
-->
Paragraph two.
<!-- one comment block -- -- with two comments -->
The end.

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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
<p>Just a <a href="/url/">URL</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title preceded by two spaces">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title preceded by a tab">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title has spaces afterward">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p>[Empty]().</p>

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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
Just a [URL](/url/).
[URL and title](/url/ "title").
[URL and title](/url/ "title preceded by two spaces").
[URL and title](/url/ "title preceded by a tab").
[URL and title](/url/ "title has spaces afterward" ).
[Empty]().

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@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>With <a href="/url/">embedded [brackets]</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">once</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">twice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">thrice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented [four][] times.</p>
<pre><code>[four]: /url
</code></pre>
<hr>
<p><a href="foo">this</a> should work</p>
<p>So should <a href="foo">this</a>.</p>
<p>And <a href="foo">this</a>.</p>
<p>And <a href="foo">this</a>.</p>
<p>And <a href="foo">this</a>.</p>
<p>But not [that] [].</p>
<p>Nor [that][].</p>
<p>Nor [that].</p>
<p>[Something in brackets like <a href="foo">this</a> should work]</p>
<p>[Same with <a href="foo">this</a>.]</p>
<p>In this case, <a href="/somethingelse/">this</a> points to something else.</p>
<p>Backslashing should suppress [this] and [this].</p>
<hr>
<p>Here's one where the <a href="/url/">link
breaks</a> across lines.</p>
<p>Here's another where the <a href="/url/">link
breaks</a> across lines, but with a line-ending space.</p>

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@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
Foo [bar] [1].
Foo [bar][1].
Foo [bar]
[1].
[1]: /url/ "Title"
With [embedded [brackets]] [b].
Indented [once][].
Indented [twice][].
Indented [thrice][].
Indented [four][] times.
[once]: /url
[twice]: /url
[thrice]: /url
[four]: /url
[b]: /url/
* * *
[this] [this] should work
So should [this][this].
And [this] [].
And [this][].
And [this].
But not [that] [].
Nor [that][].
Nor [that].
[Something in brackets like [this][] should work]
[Same with [this].]
In this case, [this](/somethingelse/) points to something else.
Backslashing should suppress \[this] and [this\].
[this]: foo
* * *
Here's one where the [link
breaks] across lines.
Here's another where the [link
breaks] across lines, but with a line-ending space.
[link breaks]: /url/

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
<p>This is the <a href="/simple">simple case</a>.</p>
<p>This one has a <a href="/foo">line
break</a>.</p>
<p>This one has a <a href="/foo">line
break</a> with a line-ending space.</p>
<p><a href="/that">this</a> and the <a href="/other">other</a></p>

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@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
This is the [simple case].
[simple case]: /simple
This one has a [line
break].
This one has a [line
break] with a line-ending space.
[line break]: /foo
[this] [that] and the [other]
[this]: /this
[that]: /that
[other]: /other

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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title with &quot;quotes&quot; inside">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title with &quot;quotes&quot; inside">bar</a>.</p>

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@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
Foo [bar][].
Foo [bar](/url/ "Title with "quotes" inside").
[bar]: /url/ "Title with "quotes" inside"

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@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
<h1>Markdown: Basics</h1>
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax</h2>
<p>This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown.
The <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax">syntax page</a> provides complete, detailed documentation for
every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by
looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page
are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the
HTML output produced by Markdown.</p>
<p>It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the <a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Markdown Dingus">Dingus</a> is a
web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text
and translate it to XHTML.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can <a href="/projects/markdown/basics.text">see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p>
<h2>Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes</h2>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>Markdown offers two styles of headers: <em>Setext</em> and <em>atx</em>.
Setext-style headers for <code>&lt;h1&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;h2&gt;</code> are created by
&quot;underlining&quot; with equal signs (<code>=</code>) and hyphens (<code>-</code>), respectively.
To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (<code>#</code>) at the
beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting
HTML header level.</p>
<p>Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '<code>&gt;</code>' angle brackets.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.
### Header 3
&gt; This is a blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;h1&gt;A First Level Header&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;A Second Level Header&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Header 3&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;This is an H2 in a blockquote&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Phrase Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized&lt;/em&gt;.
Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized also&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Use two asterisks for &lt;strong&gt;strong emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;.
Or, if you prefer, &lt;strong&gt;use two underscores instead&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2>Lists</h2>
<p>Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (<code>*</code>,
<code>+</code>, and <code>-</code>) as list markers. These three markers are
interchangable; this:</p>
<pre><code>* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>this:</p>
<pre><code>+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>and this:</p>
<pre><code>- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>all produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Candy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gum.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booze.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as
list markers:</p>
<pre><code>1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you put blank lines between items, you'll get <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags for the
list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting
the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list item.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With multiple paragraphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another item in the list.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles for creating links: <em>inline</em> and
<em>reference</em>. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the
text you want to turn into a link.</p>
<p>Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text.
For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot;&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/ &quot;With a Title&quot;).
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot; title=&quot;With a Title&quot;&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which
you define elsewhere in your document:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href=&quot;http://google.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.yahoo.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Yahoo Search&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.msn.com/&quot;
title=&quot;MSN Search&quot;&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters,
numbers and spaces, but are <em>not</em> case sensitive:</p>
<pre><code>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/&quot;&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Images</h3>
<p>Image syntax is very much like link syntax.</p>
<p>Inline (titles are optional):</p>
<pre><code>![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg &quot;Title&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style:</p>
<pre><code>![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg &quot;Title&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;img src=&quot;/path/to/img.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;alt text&quot; title=&quot;Title&quot; /&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Code</h3>
<p>In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in
backtick quotes. Any ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> or
<code>&gt;</code>) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes
it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:</p>
<pre><code>I strongly recommend against using any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&amp;mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&amp;#8212;`.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I strongly recommend against using any
&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt; instead of decimal-encoded
entites like &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of
the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, <code>&amp;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>,
and <code>&gt;</code> characters will be escaped automatically.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For example.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>

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@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
Markdown: Basics
================
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax
------------------------------------------------
This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown.
The [syntax page] [s] provides complete, detailed documentation for
every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by
looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page
are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the
HTML output produced by Markdown.
It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the [Dingus] [d] is a
web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text
and translate it to XHTML.
**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL] [src].
[s]: /projects/markdown/syntax "Markdown Syntax"
[d]: /projects/markdown/dingus "Markdown Dingus"
[src]: /projects/markdown/basics.text
## Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes ##
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.
Markdown offers two styles of headers: *Setext* and *atx*.
Setext-style headers for `<h1>` and `<h2>` are created by
"underlining" with equal signs (`=`) and hyphens (`-`), respectively.
To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (`#`) at the
beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting
HTML header level.
Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '`>`' angle brackets.
Markdown:
A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.
### Header 3
> This is a blockquote.
>
> This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
>
> ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
Output:
<h1>A First Level Header</h1>
<h2>A Second Level Header</h2>
<p>Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.</p>
<p>The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.</p>
<h3>Header 3</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>This is a blockquote.</p>
<p>This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.</p>
<h2>This is an H2 in a blockquote</h2>
</blockquote>
### Phrase Emphasis ###
Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.
Markdown:
Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
Output:
<p>Some of these words <em>are emphasized</em>.
Some of these words <em>are emphasized also</em>.</p>
<p>Use two asterisks for <strong>strong emphasis</strong>.
Or, if you prefer, <strong>use two underscores instead</strong>.</p>
## Lists ##
Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (`*`,
`+`, and `-`) as list markers. These three markers are
interchangable; this:
* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
this:
+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
and this:
- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
all produce the same output:
<ul>
<li>Candy.</li>
<li>Gum.</li>
<li>Booze.</li>
</ul>
Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as
list markers:
1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
Output:
<ol>
<li>Red</li>
<li>Green</li>
<li>Blue</li>
</ol>
If you put blank lines between items, you'll get `<p>` tags for the
list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting
the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:
* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
Output:
<ul>
<li><p>A list item.</p>
<p>With multiple paragraphs.</p></li>
<li><p>Another item in the list.</p></li>
</ul>
### Links ###
Markdown supports two styles for creating links: *inline* and
*reference*. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the
text you want to turn into a link.
Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text.
For example:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
Output:
<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/">
example link</a>.</p>
Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title").
Output:
<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Title">
example link</a>.</p>
Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which
you define elsewhere in your document:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Output:
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google">Google</a> than from <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/"
title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> or <a href="http://search.msn.com/"
title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters,
numbers and spaces, but are *not* case sensitive:
I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
Output:
<p>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/">The New York Times</a>.</p>
### Images ###
Image syntax is very much like link syntax.
Inline (titles are optional):
![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title")
Reference-style:
![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title"
Both of the above examples produce the same output:
<img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" />
### Code ###
In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in
backtick quotes. Any ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` or
`>`) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes
it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:
I strongly recommend against using any `<blink>` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&#8212;`.
Output:
<p>I strongly recommend against using any
<code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<p>I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
<code>&amp;mdash;</code> instead of decimal-encoded
entites like <code>&amp;#8212;</code>.</p>
To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of
the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, `&`, `<`,
and `>` characters will be escaped automatically.
Markdown:
If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
<blockquote>
<p>For example.</p>
</blockquote>
Output:
<p>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>

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@ -1,946 +0,0 @@
<h1>Markdown: Syntax</h1>
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>
<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li>
<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li>
<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li>
<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li>
<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax.text">see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.</p>
<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
filters -- including <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>, <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href="http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>,
<a href="http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and <a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> -- the single biggest source of
inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.</p>
<p>To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
used email.</p>
<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
<p>Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>
<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes it easier
to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; Markdown is a <em>writing</em>
format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
can be conveyed in plain text.</p>
<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
the tags.</p>
<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. <code>&lt;div&gt;</code>,
<code>&lt;table&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p&gt;</code>, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
to add extra (unwanted) <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>
<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>
<pre><code>This is a regular paragraph.
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Foo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
This is another regular paragraph.
</code></pre>
<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style <code>*emphasis*</code> inside an
HTML block.</p>
<p>Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;cite&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;del&gt;</code> -- can be
used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
you'd prefer to use HTML <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags instead of Markdown's
link or image syntax, go right ahead.</p>
<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> processed within
span-level tags.</p>
<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: <code>&lt;</code>
and <code>&amp;</code>. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. <code>&amp;lt;</code>, and
<code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
write about 'AT&amp;T', you need to write '<code>AT&amp;amp;T</code>'. You even need to
escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.</p>
<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
into <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:</p>
<pre><code>&amp;copy;
</code></pre>
<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline HTML</a>, if you use
angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
such. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>4 &lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>4 &amp;lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single <code>&lt;</code>
and <code>&amp;</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>The implication of the &quot;one or more consecutive lines of text&quot; rule is
that Markdown supports &quot;hard-wrapped&quot; text paragraphs. This differs
significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
Type's &quot;Convert Line Breaks&quot; option) which translate every line break
character in a paragraph into a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> tag.</p>
<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> break tag using Markdown, you
end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.</p>
<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>, but a simplistic
&quot;every line break is a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>&quot; rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
Markdown's email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a>
work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.</p>
<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p>
<p>Setext-style headers are &quot;underlined&quot; using equal signs (for first-level
headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an H1
=============
This is an H2
-------------
</code></pre>
<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>'s or <code>-</code>'s will work.</p>
<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1
## This is an H2
###### This is an H6
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may &quot;close&quot; atx-style headers. This is purely
cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
determines the header level.) :</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1 #
## This is an H2 ##
### This is an H3 ######
</code></pre>
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>&gt;</code> characters for blockquoting. If you're
familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
wrap the text and put a <code>&gt;</code> before every line:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
&gt; consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
&gt; Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt;
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
&gt; id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the <code>&gt;</code> before the first
line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
adding additional levels of <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is the first level of quoting.
&gt;
&gt; &gt; This is nested blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; Back to the first level.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
and code blocks:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; ## This is a header.
&gt;
&gt; 1. This is the first list item.
&gt; 2. This is the second list item.
&gt;
&gt; Here's some example code:
&gt;
&gt; return shell_exec(&quot;echo $input | $markdown_script&quot;);
</code></pre>
<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>
<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.</p>
<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
-- as list markers:</p>
<pre><code>* Red
* Green
* Blue
</code></pre>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<pre><code>+ Red
+ Green
+ Blue
</code></pre>
<p>and:</p>
<pre><code>- Red
- Green
- Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
2. McHale
3. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McHale&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
1. McHale
1. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>or even:</p>
<pre><code>3. Bird
1. McHale
8. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.</p>
<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.</p>
<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
or a tab.</p>
<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
items in <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Magic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>But this:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bird&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
or one tab:</p>
<pre><code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
lazy:</p>
<pre><code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
* Another item in the same list.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's <code>&gt;</code>
delimiters need to be indented:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a blockquote:
&gt; This is a blockquote
&gt; inside a list item.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
to be indented <em>twice</em> -- 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a code block:
&lt;code goes here&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
accident, by writing something like this:</p>
<pre><code>1986. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the beginning of a
line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:</p>
<pre><code>1986\. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
in both <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:</p>
<pre><code>This is a normal paragraph:
This is a code block.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will generate:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is a normal paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;This is a code block.
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
line of the code block. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code>Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application &quot;Foo&quot;
beep
end tell
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of AppleScript:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;tell application &quot;Foo&quot;
beep
end tell
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
(or the end of the article).</p>
<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code>)
are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code> &lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&gt;
&amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.</p>
<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code>&lt;hr /&gt;</code>) by placing three or
more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
following lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>
<pre><code>* * *
***
*****
- - -
---------------------------------------
_ _ _
</code></pre>
<hr>
<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].</p>
<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an <em>optional</em>
title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ &quot;Title&quot;) inline link.
[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
</code></pre>
<p>Will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot; title=&quot;Title&quot;&gt;
an example&lt;/a&gt; inline link.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://example.net/&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; has no
title attribute.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
use relative paths:</p>
<pre><code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
on a line by itself:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/ &quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);</li>
<li>followed by a colon;</li>
<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>
<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>
<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
in double or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: &lt;http://example.com/&gt; &quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
&quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.</p>
<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. these two links:</p>
<pre><code>[link text][a]
[link text][A]
</code></pre>
<p>are equivalent.</p>
<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
&quot;Google&quot; to the google.com web site, you could simply write:</p>
<pre><code>[Google][]
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Google]: http://google.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
multiple words in the link text:</p>
<pre><code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
document, sort of like footnotes.</p>
<p>Here's an example of reference links in action:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
[1]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
[google]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[msn]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href=&quot;http://google.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.yahoo.com/&quot; title=&quot;Yahoo Search&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;
or &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.msn.com/&quot; title=&quot;MSN Search&quot;&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
Markdown's inline link style:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;)
than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;) or
[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;).
</code></pre>
<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
is text.</p>
<p>With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
prose.</p>
<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of
emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an
HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag; double <code>*</code>'s or <code>_</code>'s will be wrapped with an HTML
<code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>
<pre><code>*single asterisks*
_single underscores_
**double asterisks**
__double underscores__
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;em&gt;single asterisks&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;single underscores&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double asterisks&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double underscores&lt;/strong&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.</p>
<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>
<pre><code>un*fucking*believable
</code></pre>
<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with spaces, it'll be treated as a
literal asterisk or underscore.</p>
<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
escape it:</p>
<pre><code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (<code>`</code>).
Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
normal paragraph. For example:</p>
<pre><code>Use the `printf()` function.
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Use the &lt;code&gt;printf()&lt;/code&gt; function.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:</p>
<pre><code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
</code></pre>
<p>which will produce this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;There is a literal backtick (`) here.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:</p>
<pre><code>A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;A single backtick in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A backtick-delimited string in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`foo`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>Please don't use any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
</code></pre>
<p>into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Please don't use any &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can write this:</p>
<pre><code>`&amp;#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&amp;mdash;`.
</code></pre>
<p>to produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt; is the decimal-encoded
equivalent of &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
<p>Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a &quot;natural&quot; syntax for
placing images into a plain text document format.</p>
<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg &quot;Optional title&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>
<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the <code>alt</code>
attribute text for the image;</li>
<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in double
or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text][id]
</code></pre>
<p>Where &quot;id&quot; is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
are defined using syntax identical to link references:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: url/to/image &quot;Optional title attribute&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
use regular HTML <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating &quot;automatic&quot; links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot;&gt;http://example.com/&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;address@example.com&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>into something like this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;&amp;#x6D;&amp;#x61;i&amp;#x6C;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x6F;:&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;
&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;
&amp;#109;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;
&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to &quot;address@example.com&quot;.</p>
<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>
<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag), you can backslashes
before the asterisks, like this:</p>
<pre><code>\*literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:</p>
<pre><code>\ backslash
` backtick
* asterisk
_ underscore
{} curly braces
[] square brackets
() parentheses
# hash mark
+ plus sign
- minus sign (hyphen)
. dot
! exclamation mark
</code></pre>

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@ -1,888 +0,0 @@
Markdown: Syntax
================
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
* [Overview](#overview)
* [Philosophy](#philosophy)
* [Inline HTML](#html)
* [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape)
* [Block Elements](#block)
* [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p)
* [Headers](#header)
* [Blockquotes](#blockquote)
* [Lists](#list)
* [Code Blocks](#precode)
* [Horizontal Rules](#hr)
* [Span Elements](#span)
* [Links](#link)
* [Emphasis](#em)
* [Code](#code)
* [Images](#img)
* [Miscellaneous](#misc)
* [Backslash Escapes](#backslash)
* [Automatic Links](#autolink)
**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL][src].
[src]: /projects/markdown/syntax.text
* * *
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.
Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
filters -- including [Setext] [1], [atx] [2], [Textile] [3], [reStructuredText] [4],
[Grutatext] [5], and [EtText] [6] -- the single biggest source of
inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.
[1]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html
[2]: http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/
[3]: http://textism.com/tools/textile/
[4]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
[5]: http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html
[6]: http://ettext.taint.org/doc/
To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
look like \*emphasis\*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
used email.
<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
format for *writing* for the web.
Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
HTML tags. The idea is *not* to create a syntax that makes it easier
to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
edit prose. HTML is a *publishing* format; Markdown is a *writing*
format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
can be conveyed in plain text.
For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
the tags.
The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. `<div>`,
`<table>`, `<pre>`, `<p>`, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
to add extra (unwanted) `<p>` tags around HTML block-level tags.
For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:
This is a regular paragraph.
<table>
<tr>
<td>Foo</td>
</tr>
</table>
This is another regular paragraph.
Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style `*emphasis*` inside an
HTML block.
Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. `<span>`, `<cite>`, or `<del>` -- can be
used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
you'd prefer to use HTML `<a>` or `<img>` tags instead of Markdown's
link or image syntax, go right ahead.
Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax *is* processed within
span-level tags.
<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: `<`
and `&`. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. `&lt;`, and
`&amp;`.
Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
write about 'AT&T', you need to write '`AT&amp;T`'. You even need to
escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:
http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
you need to encode the URL as:
http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
in your anchor tag `href` attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.
Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
into `&amp;`.
So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:
&copy;
and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:
AT&T
Markdown will translate it to:
AT&amp;T
Similarly, because Markdown supports [inline HTML](#html), if you use
angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
such. But if you write:
4 < 5
Markdown will translate it to:
4 &lt; 5
However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
ampersands are *always* encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single `<`
and `&` in your example code needs to be escaped.)
* * *
<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.
The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is
that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs
significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break
character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag.
When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you
end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.
Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a `<br />`, but a simplistic
"every line break is a `<br />`" rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
Markdown's email-style [blockquoting][bq] and multi-paragraph [list items][l]
work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.
[bq]: #blockquote
[l]: #list
<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2].
Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for first-level
headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:
This is an H1
=============
This is an H2
-------------
Any number of underlining `=`'s or `-`'s will work.
Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:
# This is an H1
## This is an H2
###### This is an H6
Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
determines the header level.) :
# This is an H1 #
## This is an H2 ##
### This is an H3 ######
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're
familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
wrap the text and put a `>` before every line:
> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
> consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
> Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
>
> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
> id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first
line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:
> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
adding additional levels of `>`:
> This is the first level of quoting.
>
> > This is nested blockquote.
>
> Back to the first level.
Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
and code blocks:
> ## This is a header.
>
> 1. This is the first list item.
> 2. This is the second list item.
>
> Here's some example code:
>
> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
Quote Level from the Text menu.
<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.
Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
-- as list markers:
* Red
* Green
* Blue
is equivalent to:
+ Red
+ Green
+ Blue
and:
- Red
- Green
- Blue
Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:
1. Bird
2. McHale
3. Parish
It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
Markdown produces from the above list is:
<ol>
<li>Bird</li>
<li>McHale</li>
<li>Parish</li>
</ol>
If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:
1. Bird
1. McHale
1. Parish
or even:
3. Bird
1. McHale
8. Parish
you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.
If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.
List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
or a tab.
To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:
* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:
* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
items in `<p>` tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:
* Bird
* Magic
will turn into:
<ul>
<li>Bird</li>
<li>Magic</li>
</ul>
But this:
* Bird
* Magic
will turn into:
<ul>
<li><p>Bird</p></li>
<li><p>Magic</p></li>
</ul>
List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
or one tab:
1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
lazy:
* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
* Another item in the same list.
To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>`
delimiters need to be indented:
* A list item with a blockquote:
> This is a blockquote
> inside a list item.
To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs:
* A list item with a code block:
<code goes here>
It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
accident, by writing something like this:
1986. What a great season.
In other words, a *number-period-space* sequence at the beginning of a
line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:
1986\. What a great season.
<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags.
To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:
This is a normal paragraph:
This is a code block.
Markdown will generate:
<p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>
<pre><code>This is a code block.
</code></pre>
One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
line of the code block. For example, this:
Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
will turn into:
<p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
<pre><code>tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
</code></pre>
A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
(or the end of the article).
Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`)
are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:
<div class="footer">
&copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
</div>
will turn into:
<pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt;
&amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.
<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
You can produce a horizontal rule tag (`<hr />`) by placing three or
more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
following lines will produce a horizontal rule:
* * *
***
*****
- - -
---------------------------------------
_ _ _
* * *
<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*.
In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].
To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional*
title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:
This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
Will produce:
<p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">
an example</a> inline link.</p>
<p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no
title attribute.</p>
If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
use relative paths:
See my [About](/about/) page for details.
Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:
This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:
This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
on a line by itself:
[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
That is:
* Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);
* followed by a colon;
* followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);
* followed by the URL for the link;
* optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
in double or single quotes.
The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:
[id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here"
You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:
[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
"Optional Title Here"
Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.
Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are *not* case sensitive. E.g. these two links:
[link text][a]
[link text][A]
are equivalent.
The *implicit link name* shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
"Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply write:
[Google][]
And then define the link:
[Google]: http://google.com/
Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
multiple words in the link text:
Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
And then define the link:
[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
document, sort of like footnotes.
Here's an example of reference links in action:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
[google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google">Google</a> than from
<a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>
or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
Markdown's inline link style:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
is text.
With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
prose.
<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of
emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an
HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML
`<strong>` tag. E.g., this input:
*single asterisks*
_single underscores_
**double asterisks**
__double underscores__
will produce:
<em>single asterisks</em>
<em>single underscores</em>
<strong>double asterisks</strong>
<strong>double underscores</strong>
You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.
Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:
un*fucking*believable
But if you surround an `*` or `_` with spaces, it'll be treated as a
literal asterisk or underscore.
To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
escape it:
\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``).
Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
normal paragraph. For example:
Use the `printf()` function.
will produce:
<p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>
To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:
``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
which will produce this:
<p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>
The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:
A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
will produce:
<p>A single backtick in a code span: <code>`</code></p>
<p>A backtick-delimited string in a code span: <code>`foo`</code></p>
With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
tags. Markdown will turn this:
Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.
into:
<p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
You can write this:
`&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`.
to produce:
<p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded
equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p>
<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax for
placing images into a plain text document format.
Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
for links, allowing for two styles: *inline* and *reference*.
Inline image syntax looks like this:
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Optional title")
That is:
* An exclamation mark: `!`;
* followed by a set of square brackets, containing the `alt`
attribute text for the image;
* followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
the image, and an optional `title` attribute enclosed in double
or single quotes.
Reference-style image syntax looks like this:
![Alt text][id]
Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
are defined using syntax identical to link references:
[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
use regular HTML `<img>` tags.
* * *
<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic" links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:
<http://example.com/>
Markdown will turn this into:
<a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>
Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:
<address@example.com>
into something like this:
<a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;
&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;
&#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;
&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a>
which will render in a browser as a clickable link to "address@example.com".
(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
will probably eventually start receiving spam.)
<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
literal asterisks (instead of an HTML `<em>` tag), you can backslashes
before the asterisks, like this:
\*literal asterisks\*
Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:
\ backslash
` backtick
* asterisk
_ underscore
{} curly braces
[] square brackets
() parentheses
# hash mark
+ plus sign
- minus sign (hyphen)
. dot
! exclamation mark

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
<blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
<blockquote>
<p>bar</p>
</blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
</blockquote>

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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
> foo
>
> > bar
>
> foo

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@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
<h2>Unordered</h2>
<p>Asterisks tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>asterisk 1</li>
<li>asterisk 2</li>
<li>asterisk 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Asterisks loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>asterisk 1</p></li>
<li><p>asterisk 2</p></li>
<li><p>asterisk 3</p></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>Pluses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Plus 1</li>
<li>Plus 2</li>
<li>Plus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Pluses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Plus 1</p></li>
<li><p>Plus 2</p></li>
<li><p>Plus 3</p></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>Minuses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Minus 1</li>
<li>Minus 2</li>
<li>Minus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Minuses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Minus 1</p></li>
<li><p>Minus 2</p></li>
<li><p>Minus 3</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Ordered</h2>
<p>Tight:</p>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second</li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
<p>and:</p>
<ol>
<li>One</li>
<li>Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
</ol>
<p>Loose using tabs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>First</p></li>
<li><p>Second</p></li>
<li><p>Third</p></li>
</ol>
<p>and using spaces:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>One</p></li>
<li><p>Two</p></li>
<li><p>Three</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Multiple paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Item 1, graf one.</p>
<p>Item 2. graf two. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's
back.</p></li>
<li><p>Item 2.</p></li>
<li><p>Item 3.</p></li>
</ol>
<h2>Nested</h2>
<ul>
<li>Tab
<ul>
<li>Tab
<ul>
<li>Tab</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>Here's another:</p>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second:
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
<p>Same thing but with paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>First</p></li>
<li><p>Second:</p>
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Third</p></li>
</ol>
<p>This was an error in Markdown 1.0.1:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>this</p>
<ul>
<li>sub</li>
</ul>
<p>that</p></li>
</ul>

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