blog: add morph tutorial (#363)

* blog: add morph tutorial

Signed-off-by: Christine Dodrill <me@christine.website>

* typos

Signed-off-by: Christine Dodrill <me@christine.website>

blog/morph-setup-2021-04-25.markdown

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+---
+title: Using Morph for Deploying to NixOS
+date: 2021-04-25
+series: nixos
+tags:
+ - morph
+---
+
+# Using Morph for Deploying to NixOS
+
+Managing a single NixOS host is easy. Any time you want to edit any settings,
+you can just change options in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` and then do
+whatever you want from there. Managing multiple NixOS machines can be
+complicated. [Morph](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph) is a tool that makes it
+easy to manage multiple NixOS machines as if they were one single machine. In
+this post we're gonna start a new NixOS configuration for a network of servers
+from scratch and explain each step in the way.
+
+## `nixos-configs` Repo
+
+NixOS configs usually need a home. We can make a home for this in a Git
+repository named `nixos-configs`. You can make a nixos configs repo like this:
+
+```console
+$ mkdir -p ~/code/nixos-configs
+$ cd ~/code/nixos-configs
+$ git init
+```
+
+[You can see a copy of the repo that we're describing in this post <a
+href="https://github.com/Xe/blog-nixos-configs">here</a>. That repo is licensed
+as Creative Commons Zero and no attribution or credit is required if you want to
+use it as the basis for your NixOS configuration repo for any setup, home or
+professional.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
+
+From here you could associate it with a Git forge if you want, but that is an
+exercise left to the reader.
+
+Now that we have the nixos-configs repository, create a few folders that
+will be used to help organize things:
+
+- `common` -> base system configuration and options
+- `common/users` -> user account configuration
+- `hosts` -> host-specific configuration for named servers
+- `ops` -> operations data such as deployment configuration
+- `ops/home` -> configuration for a home network
+
+You can make them with a command like this:
+
+```console
+$ mkdir -p common/users hosts ops/home
+```
+
+Now that we have the base layout, start with adding a few files into the
+`common` folder:
+
+- `common/default.nix` -> the "parent" file that will import all of the other
+  files in the `common` directory, as well as define basic settings that
+  everything else will inherit from
+- `common/generic-libvirtd.nix` -> a bunch of settings to configure libvirtd
+  virtual machines (omit this if you aren't running VMs in libvirtd)
+- `common/users/default.nix` -> the list of all the user accounts we are going
+  to configure in this system
+  
+Here's what you should put in `common/default.nix`:
+
+```nix
+# common/default.nix
+
+# Mara\ inputs to this NixOS module. We don't use any here
+# so we can ignore them all.
+{ ... }:
+
+{
+  imports = [
+    # Mara\ User account definitions
+    ./users
+  ];
+ 
+  # Mara\ Clean /tmp on boot.
+  boot.cleanTmpDir = true;
+  
+  # Mara\ Automatically optimize the Nix store to save space
+  # by hard-linking identical files together. These savings
+  # add up.
+  nix.autoOptimiseStore = true;
+  
+  # Mara\ Limit the systemd journal to 100 MB of disk or the
+  # last 7 days of logs, whichever happens first.
+  services.journald.extraConfig = ''
+    SystemMaxUse=100M
+    MaxFileSec=7day
+  '';
+
+  # Mara\ Use systemd-resolved for DNS lookups, but disable
+  # its dnssec support because it is kinda broken in
+  # surprising ways.
+  services.resolved = {
+    enable = true;
+    dnssec = "false";
+  };
+}
+```
+
+This will give you a base system config with sensible defaults that you can
+build on top of.
+
+[Is now when I get my account? :D](conversation://Mara/happy)
+
+[Yep! We define that in `common/users/default.nix`:](conversation://Cadey/enby)
+
+```nix
+# common/users/default.nix
+
+# Mara\ Inputs to this NixOS module, in this case we are
+# using `pkgs` so I can configure my favorite shell fish
+# and `config` so we can make my SSH key also work with
+# the root user.
+{ config, pkgs, ... }:
+
+{
+  # Mara\ The block that specifies my user account.
+  users.users.mara = {
+    # Mara\ This account is intended for a non-system user.
+    isNormalUser = true;
+    
+    # Mara\ The shell that the user will default to. This
+    # can be any NixOS package, even PowerShell!
+    shell = pkgs.fish;
+    
+    # Mara\ My SSH keys.
+    openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
+      # Mara\ Replace this with your SSH key!
+      "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIPg9gYKVglnO2HQodSJt4z4mNrUSUiyJQ7b+J798bwD9"
+    ];
+  };
+  
+  # Mara\ Use my SSH keys for logging in as root.
+  users.users.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys =
+    config.users.users.mara.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys;
+}
+```
+
+In case you are using libvirtd to test this blogpost like I am, put the
+following in `common/generic-libvirtd.nix`:
+
+```nix
+# common/generic-libvirtd.nix
+
+# Mara\ This time all we need is the `modulesPath`
+# to grab an optional module out of the default
+# set of modules that ships in nixpkgs.
+{ modulesPath, ... }:
+
+{
+  # Mara\ Set a bunch of QEMU-specific options that
+  # aren't set by default.
+  imports = [ (modulesPath + "/profiles/qemu-guest.nix") ];
+
+  # Mara\ Enable SSH daemon support.
+  services.openssh.enable = true;
+
+  # Mara\ Make sure the virtual machine can boot
+  # and attach to its disk.
+  boot.initrd.availableKernelModules =
+    [ "ata_piix" "uhci_hcd" "virtio_pci" "sr_mod" "virtio_blk" ];
+
+  # Mara\ Other boot settings that we're leaving
+  # to the defaults.
+  boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ ];
+  boot.kernelModules = [ ];
+  boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
+
+  # Mara\ This VM boots with grub.
+  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.version = 2;
+  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
+
+  # Mara\ Mount /dev/vda1 as the root filesystem.
+  fileSystems."/" = {
+    device = "/dev/vda1";
+    fsType = "ext4";
+  };
+}
+```
+
+Now that we have the basic modules defined, we can create a `network.nix` file
+that will tell Morph where to deploy to. In this case we are going to create a
+network with a single host called `ryuko`. Put the following in
+`ops/home/network.nix`:
+
+```nix
+# ops/home/network.nix
+
+{
+  # Mara\ Configuration for the network in general.
+  network = {
+    # Mara\ A human-readable description.
+    description = "My awesome home network";
+  };
+
+  # Mara\ This specifies the configuration for
+  # `ryuko` as a NixOS module.
+  "ryuko" = { config, pkgs, lib, ... }: {
+    # Mara\ Import the VM-specific config as
+    # well as all of the settings in
+    # `common/default.nix`, including my user
+    # details.
+    imports = [
+      ../../common/generic-libvirtd.nix
+      ../../common
+    ];
+    
+    # Mara\ The user you will SSH into the
+    # machine as. This defaults to your current
+    # username, however for this example we will
+    # just SSH in as root.
+    deployment.targetUser = "root";
+    
+    # Mara\ The target IP address or hostname
+    # of the server we are deploying to. This is
+    # the IP address of a libvirtd virtual
+    # machine on my machine.
+    deployment.targetHost = "192.168.122.251";
+  };
+}
+```
+
+Now that we finally have all of this set up, we can write a little script that
+will push this config to the server by doing the following:
+
+- Build the NixOS configuration for `ryuko`
+- Push the NixOS configuration for `ryuko` to the virtual machine
+- Activate the configuration on `ryuko`
+
+Put the following in `ops/home/push`:
+
+```shell
+#!/usr/bin/env nix-shell
+# Mara\ The above shebang line will use `nix-shell`
+# to create the environment of this shell script.
+
+# Mara\ Specify the packages we are using in this
+# script as well as the fact that we are running it
+# in bash.
+#! nix-shell -p morph -i bash
+
+# Mara\ Explode on any error.
+set -e
+
+# Mara\ Build the system configurations for every
+# machine in this network and register them as
+# garbage collector roots so `nix-collect-garbage`
+# doesn't sweep them away.
+morph build --keep-result ./network.nix
+
+# Mara\ Push the config to the hosts.
+morph push ./network.nix
+
+# Mara\ Activate the NixOS configuration on the
+# network.
+morph deploy ./network.nix switch
+```
+
+Now mark that script as executable:
+
+```console
+$ cd ./ops/home
+$ chmod +x ./push
+```
+
+And then try it out:
+
+```console
+$ ./push
+```
+
+And finally SSH into the machine to be sure that everything works:
+
+```console
+$ ssh mara@192.168.122.251 -- id
+uid=1000(mara) gid=100(users) groups=100(users)
+```
+
+From here you can do just about anything you want with `ryuko`.
+
+If you want to add a non-VM NixOS host to this, make a folder in `hosts` for
+that machine's hostname and then copy the contents of `/etc/nixos` to that
+folder. For example if you have a server named `mako` with the IP address
+`192.168.122.147`. You would do something like this:
+
+```console
+$ mkdir hosts/mako -p
+$ scp root@192.168.122.147:/etc/nixos/configuration.nix ./hosts/mako
+$ scp root@192.168.122.147:/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix ./hosts/mako
+```
+
+And then you can register it in your `network.nix` like this:
+
+```nix
+"mako" = { config, pkgs, lib, ... }: {
+  deployment.targetUser = "root";
+  deployment.targetHost = "192.168.122.147";
+  
+  # Mara\ Import mako's configuration.nix
+  imports = [ ../../hosts/mako/configuration.nix ];
+};
+```
+
+This should help you get your servers wrangled into a somewhat consistent state.
+From here the following articles may be useful to give you ideas:
+
+- [Borg Backup Config](https://christine.website/blog/borg-backup-2021-01-09)
+- [Nixops Services On Your Home
+  Network](https://christine.website/blog/nixops-services-2020-11-09) (just be
+  sure to ignore the part where it mentions `deployment.keys`, you can replace
+  it with the semantically identical
+  [`deployment.secrets`](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph/blob/master/examples/secrets.nix)
+  as described in the morph documentation)
+- [Prometheus and
+  Aegis](https://christine.website/blog/aegis-prometheus-2021-04-05)
+- [My Automagic NixOS Wireguard
+  Setup](https://christine.website/blog/my-wireguard-setup-2021-02-06)
+- [Encrypted Secrets with
+  NixOS](https://christine.website/blog/nixos-encrypted-secrets-2021-01-20)
+
+Also feel free to dig around [the `common` folder of my `nixos-configs`
+repo](https://github.com/Xe/nixos-configs/tree/master/common). There's a bunch
+of examples of things in there that I haven't gotten around to documenting in
+this blog yet. Another useful thing you may want to look into is
+[home-manager](https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager), which is a tool
+that lets you manage your dotfiles across machines. With home-manager I'm able
+to set up all of my configurations for everything on a new machine in less than
+30 minutes (starting from a blank NixOS server).

src/app/markdown.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ pub fn render(inp: &str) -> Result<String> {
                 if u.scheme() != "conversation" {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
-                let smol = u.query().unwrap_or("").contains("smol");
                 let parent = node.parent().unwrap();
                 node.detach();
                 let mut message = vec![];
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn render(inp: &str) -> Result<String> {
                 let name = u.host_str().unwrap_or("Mara");
 
                 let mut html = vec![];
-                crate::templates::mara(&mut html, mood, name, Html(message.trim().into()), smol)?;
+                crate::templates::mara(&mut html, mood, name, Html(message.trim().into()))?;
 
                 let new_node = arena.alloc(AstNode::new(RefCell::new(Ast::new(
                     NodeValue::HtmlInline(html),

templates/mara.rs.html

@@ -1,22 +1,11 @@
-@(mood: &str, character: &str, message: Html<String>, smol: bool)
+@(mood: &str, character: &str, message: Html<String>)
 <div class="conversation">
-    <div class="conversation-picture @if smol { conversation-smol }">
+    <div class="conversation-picture conversation-smol">
         <picture>
             <source srcset="https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/stickers/@character.to_lowercase()/@(mood).avif" type="image/avif">
             <source srcset="https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/stickers/@character.to_lowercase()/@(mood).webp" type="image/webp">
             <img src="https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/stickers/@character.to_lowercase()/@(mood).png" alt="@character is @mood">
         </picture>
     </div>
-    @if smol {
     <div class="conversation-chat">&lt;<b>@character</b>&gt; @message</div>
-    } else {
-    <div>
-        <p>
-            <b>@character</b>
-        </p>
-        <blockquote>
-            @message
-        </blockquote>
-    </div>
-    }
 </div>