151 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
151 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
(Work in progress)
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This is a guide for people with experience in C or a similar language. The general tutorials can be found here:
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http://nimrod-lang.org/tut1.html
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http://nimrod-lang.org/tut2.html
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The manual provides a more or less complete overview of the language:
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http://nimrod-lang.org/manual.html
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### At a glance
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<table>
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<tr><th>Feature</th><th>C</th><th>Nimrod</th></tr>
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<tr><td>Memory Management</td><td>Manual (not counting libraries)</td><td>Garbage-collected and manual</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Types</td><td>Static</td><td>Static</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Compilation</td><td>Machine code</td><td>Machine code via C <br>(other backends in progress/planned)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Meta-programming</td><td>C Preprocessor</td><td>Nimrod (const/when/template/macro)</td></tr>
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<tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
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</table>
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### Structs - Tuples and Objects
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Tuples and Objects in Nimrod are kind of like structs in C, but not really.
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### Interfacing C and Nimrod
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See [Foreign Function Interface](http://nimrod-lang.org/manual.html#foreign-function-interface)
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### Converting C code to Nimrod
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See [c2nim](http://nimrod-lang.org/c2nim.html)
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### Cheat Sheet
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Note: Code examples are not exactly one-to-one, there may be subtle differences in the semantics. See comments.
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th>C</th><th>Nimrod</th><th>Comment</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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```C
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int x;
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int y = 2;
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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```Nimrod
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var x : int
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var y1 : int = 2
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var y2 = 2
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let z = 2
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```
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</td>
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<td><b>Define variable</b>. y2 uses type inference. z is single-assignment. In nimrod, uninitialized variables is initialized to 0/nil or similar defaults.</i>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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```C
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9 % 8 // 1
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-9 % 8 // -1
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(unsigned)(-9) % (unsigned)(8) // 7
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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```Nimrod
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9 mod 8 # 1
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-9 mod 8 # -1
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-9 %% 8 # 7
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```
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</td>
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<td><b>Modulo operator</b>. <i>%% treats its argument as unsigned numbers. <a href="http://nimrod-lang.org/manual.html#pre-defined-integer-types">See</a></i></i>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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```C
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int x = foobar() ? 42 : 0;
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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```Nimrod
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var x = if foobar(): 42 else: 0
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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<i>If-statements return the value of the expression they evaluate to, so Nimrod doesn't need a </i><b>ternary operator</b>.</i>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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```C
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void foo() {
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printf("Hello World\n");
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}
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int bar() {
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return 2;
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}
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int baz(int x) {
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return x*2;
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}
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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```Nimrod
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proc foo() =
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echo "Hello World"
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proc bar() : int =
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2
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proc baz(x : int) =
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x*2
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```
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</td>
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<td><b>Function/Procedure.</b> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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```C
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void foobar(person_t *a) {
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person_t b;
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b = *a;
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b.name = "Bob";
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*a = b;
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}
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```
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</td>
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<td>
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```Nimrod
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proc foobar(a: ref TPerson) =
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var b: TPerson
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b = a[]
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b.name = "Bob"
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a[] = b
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```
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</td>
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<td><b>Dereference.</b> <i>In C, only the pointer to the strings in the struct is copied. In Nimrod, the string is also copied, but refs are not deep-copied.</i> </td>
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</tr>
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</table> |