275 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
275 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# PLATYPUS Language Specification
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## 2. Lexical Specification (INCOMPLETE)
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## NOTE:
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**This is incomplete, I am simply writing this down and will fix it as I read along the informal language specification provided to me
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This does not follow standard BNF/EBNF syntax, I will rewrite it once I get all the definitions correct and complete.**
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### 2.1 Input Elements and Tokens
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``` bnf
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<input character> ::=
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ASCII characters but not SEOF
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<input> ::=
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<input elements> SEOF
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<input elements> ::=
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<input element> | <input elements> <input element>
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<token> ::=
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<variable identifier> | <keyword> | <floating-point literal>
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| <integer literal> | <string literal> | <separator> | <operator>
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```
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### 2.2 White Space
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``` bnf
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<white space> ::=
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ASCII SP character (space)
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| ASCII HT character (horizontal tab)
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| ASCII VT character (vertical tab)
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| ASCII FF character (form feed)
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| <line terminator>
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<line terminator> ::=
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CR | LF | CR LF
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```
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### 2.3 Comments
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``` bnf
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<comment> ::=
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!< <opt_characters in line> <line terminator>
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<characters in line> ::=
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<comment character> | <characters in line> <comment character>
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<comment character> ::=
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<input character> but not <line terminator>
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```
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### 2.4 Variable Identifiers
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``` bnf
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<variable identifier> ::=
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<arithmetic variable identifier> | <string variable identifier>
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<arithmetic identifier> ::=
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<letter> <opt_letters or digits>
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<opt_letters or digits> ::=
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ε | <letters or digits>
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<letters or digits> ::=
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<letter or digit> | <letters or digits> <letter or digit>
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<letter> ::=
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[a-z] | [A-Z]
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<letter or digit> ::=
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<letter> | <digit>
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<string variable identifier> ::=
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<arithmetic variable identifier>#
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```
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### 2.5 Keywords
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``` bnf
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<keyword> ::=
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PLATYPUS | IF | THEN | ELSE | USING | REPEAT | INPUT | OUTPUT
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```
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### 2.6 Integer Literals
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``` bnf
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<integer literal> ::=
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<decimal integer literal> | <octal integer literal>
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<decimal integer literal> ::=
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0 | <non-zero digit> <opt_digits>
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<opt_digits> ::=
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ε | <digits>
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<digits> ::=
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<digit> | <digits> <digit>
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<digit> ::=
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0 | <non-zero digit>
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<non-zero digit> ::= one of
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
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<octal integer literal> ::=
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0 <octal digit> <octal digits>
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<octal digit> ::=
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
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<octal digits> ::=
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<octal digit> | <octal digits> <octal digit>
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```
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### 2.7 Floating-point Literals
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``` bnf
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<floating-point literal> ::=
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<decimal integer literal> . <opt_digits>
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```
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### 2.8 String Literals
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``` bnf
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<opt_string literal> ::=
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ε | <string literal>
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<string literal> ::=
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"<opt_string characters>"
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<opt_string characters> ::=
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ε | <string characters>
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<string characters> ::=
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<input character> | <string characters> <input character>
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```
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### 2.9 Separators
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``` bnf
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<separator> ::=
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( | ) | { | } | , | ; | " |.
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```
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### 2.10 Operators
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``` bnf
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<operator> ::=
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<arithmetic operator> | <string concatenation operator>
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| <relational operator> | <logical operator>
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| <assignment operator>
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<arithmetic operator> ::=
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+ | - | * | /
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<string concatenation operator> ::=
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<<
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<relational operator> ::=
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> | < | == | <>
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<logical operator> ::=
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.AND. | .OR.
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<assignment operator> ::=
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=
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```
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## 3. The PLATYPUS Syntactic Specification
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### 3.1 PLATYPUS Program
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``` bnf
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<program> ::=
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PLATYPUS {<opt_statements>} SEOF
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<opt_statements> ::=
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ε | <statements>
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<statements> ::=
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<statement> | <statements> <statement>
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```
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### 3.2 Statements
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``` bnf
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<statement> ::=
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<assignment statement>
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| <selection statement>
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| <iteration statement>
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| <input statement>
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| <output statement>
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```
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### 3.3 Assignment Statement
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``` bnf
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<assignment statement> ::=
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<assignment expression> ;
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<assignment expression> ::=
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<arithmetic variable identifier> = <arithmetic expression>
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| <string variable identifier> = <string expression>
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```
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#### 3.2.2 Selection Statement (`if` statement)
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``` bnf
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<selection statement> ::=
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IF (<conditional expression>) THEN <opt_statements>
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ELSE {<opt_statements>};
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```
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#### 3.2.3 Iteration Statement (the loop statement)
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``` bnf
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<iteration statement> ::=
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USING (<assignment expression> , <conditional expression>, <assignment expression>) REPEAT { <opt_statements> };
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```
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#### 3.2.4 Input Statement
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``` bnf
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<input statement> ::=
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INPUT (<variable list>);
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<opt_variable list> ::=
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ε | <variable list>
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<variable list> ::=
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<variable identifier> | <variable list>,<variable identifier>
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```
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#### 3.2.5 Output Statement
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``` bnf
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<output statement> ::=
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OUTPUT(<opt_variable list> | <opt_string literal>);
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```
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### 3.3 Expressions
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#### 3.3.1 Arithmetic Expressions
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``` bnf
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<arithmetic expression> ::=
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<unary arithmetic expression>
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| <additive arithmetic expression>
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<unary arithmetic expression> ::=
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- <primary arithmetic expression>
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| + <primary arithmetic expression
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<additive arithmetic expression> ::=
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<additive arithmetic expression> + <multiplicative arithmetic expression>
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| <additive arithmetic expression> - <multiplicative arithmetic expression>
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| <multiplicative arithmetic expression>
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<multiplicative arithmetic expression> ::=
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<multiplicative arithmetic expression> * <primary arithmetic expression>
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| <multiplicative arithmetic expression> / <primary arithmetic expression>
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| <primary arithmetic expression>
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<primary arithmetic expression> ::=
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<variable identifier>
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| <floating-point literal>
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| <integer literal>
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| (<arithmetic expression>)
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```
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#### 3.3.2 String Expression
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``` bnf
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<string expression> ::=
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<primary string expression>
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| <string expression> << <primary string expression>
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<primary string expression> ::=
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<string variable identifier>
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| <string literal>
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```
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#### 3.3.3 Conditional Expression
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``` bnf
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// BNF from C specification adapted to PLATYPUS
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// source: https://cs.wmich.edu/~gupta/teaching/cs4850/sumII06/The%20syntax%20of%20C%20in%20Backus-Naur%20form.htm
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<conditional expression> ::=
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<logical OR expression>
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<logical OR expression> ::=
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<logical AND expression>
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| <logical OR expression> .OR. <logical AND expression>
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<logical AND expression> ::=
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<relational expression>
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| <logical AND expression> .AND. <relational expression>
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// END BNF from C specification
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```
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#### 3.3.4 Relational Expression
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``` bnf
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<relational expression> ::=
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<primary a_relational expression> <relational operator> <primary a_relational expression>
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| <primary s_relational expression> <relational operator> <primary s_relational expression>
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<primary a_relational expression> ::=
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<floating-point literal>
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| <integer literal>
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| <variable identifier>
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<primary s_relational expression> ::=
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<string literal>
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| <string variable identifier>
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``` |