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PLATYPUS Language Specification

2. Lexical Specification (INCOMPLETE)

NOTE: This is incredibly incomplete and broken, I am simply writing this down and will fix it as I read along the informal language specification provided to me

2.1 Input Elements and Tokens

<input character> ->
    ASCII characters but not SEOF

<input> ->
    <input elements> SEOF

<input elements> ->
    <input element> | <input elements> <input element>

<token> ->
    <variable identifier> | <keyword> | <floating-point literal>
    | <integer literal> | <string literal> | <separator> | <operator>

2.2 White Space

<white space> ->
    ASCII SP character (space)
    | ASCII HT character (horizontal tab)
    | ASCII VT character (vertical tab)
    | ASCII FF character (form feed)
    | <line terminator>

<line terminator> ->
    CR | LF | CR LF

2.3 Comments

<comment> ->
    !< <opt_characters in line> <line terminator>

<characters in line> ->
    <comment character> | <characters in line> <comment character>

<comment character> ->
    <input character> but not <line terminator>

2.4 Variable Identifiers

<variable identifier> ->
    <arithmetic variable identifier> | <string variable identifier>

<arithmetic identifier> ->
    <letter> <opt_letters or digits>

<letters or digits> ->
    <letter or digit> | <letters or digits> <letter or digit>

<letter> -> one of
    [a-z][A-Z]

<letter or digit> -> one of
    [a-z][A-Z][0-9]

<string variable identifier> ->
    <arithmetic variable identifier>#

2.5 Keywords

<keyword> ->
    PLATYPUS | IF | THEN | ELSE | USING | REPEAT | INPUT | OUTPUT

2.6 Integer Literals

<integer literal> ->
    <decimal integer literal> | <octal integer literal>

<decimal integer literal> ->
    0 | <non-zero digit> <opt_digits>

<digits> ->
    <digit> | <digits> <digit>

<digit> ->
    0 | <non-zero digit>

<non-zero digit> -> one of
    [1-9]

<octal integer literal> ->
    0 <octal digit> <octal digits>

<octal digit> ->
    0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7

<octal digits> ->
    <octal digit> | <octal digits> <octal digit>

2.7 Floating-point Literals

<floating-point literal> ->
    <decimal integer literal> . <opt_digits>

2.8 String Literals

<string literal> ->
    "<opt_string characters>"

<string chacters> ->
    <input character> | <string characters> <input character>

2.9 Separators

<separator> -> one of
    ( ) { } , ; " .

2.10 Operators

<operator> ->
    <arithmetic operator> | <string concatenation operator>
    | <relational operator> | <logical operator>
    | <assignment operator>

<arithmetic operator> -> one of
    + - * /

<string concatenation operator> -> one of
    <<
    
<relational operator> -> one of
    > < == <>

<logical operator> ->
    .AND. | .OR.

<assignment operator> ->
    =

3. The PLATYPUS Syntatic Specification

3.1 PLATYPUS Program

<program> ->
    PLATYPUS {<opt_statements>} SEOF

<statements> ->
    <statement> | <statements> <statement>

3.2 Statements

<statement> ->
    <assignment statement>
    | <selection statement>
    | <iteration statement>
    | <input statement>
    | <output statement>

3.3 Assignment Statement

<assignment statement> ->
    <assignment expression>

<assignment expression> ->
    AVID = <arithmetic expression>
    | SVID = <string expression>

3.2.2 Selection Statement (if statement)

<selection statement> ->
    IF (<conditional expression>) THEN <opt_statements>
    ELSE {<opt_statements>};

3.2.3 Iteration Statement (the loop statement)

<iteration statement> ->
    USING (<assignment expression> , <conditional expression>, <assignment expression>) REPEAT { <opt_statements> };

3.2.4 Input Statement

<input statement> ->
    INPUT (<variable list>);

<variable list> ->
    <variable identifier> | <variable list>,<variable identifier>

3.2.5 Output Statement

<output statement> ->
    OUTPUT(<opt_variable list> | <opt_string literal>);

3.3 Expressions

3.3.1 Arithmetic Expressions

<arithmetic expression> ->
    <unary arithmetic expression>
    | <additive arithmetic expression>

<unary arithmetic expression> ->
    - <primary arithmetic expression>
    | + <primary arithmetic expression

<additive arithmetic expression> ->
    <additive arithmetic expression> + <multiplicative arithmetic expression>
    | <additive arithmetic expression> - <multiplicative arithmetic expression>
    | <multiplicative arithmetic expression>

<multiplicative arithmetic expression> ->
    <multiplicative arithmetic expression> * <primary arithmetic expression>
    | <multiplicative arithmetic expression> / <primary arithmetic expression>
    | <primary arithmetic expression>

<primary arithmetic expression> ->
    <variable identifier>
    | <floating-point literal>
    | <integer literal>
    | (<arithmetic expression>)

3.3.2 String Expression

<string expression> ->
    <primary string expression>
    | <string expression> << <primary string expression>

<primary string expression> ->
    <string variable identifier>
    | <string literal>

3.3.3 Conditional Expression

<conditional expression> ->
    <conditional expression>
    | <logical AND expression>
    | <logical OR expression>


// BNF from C specification 
// (translated to PLATYPUS because it does not implement all of C's grammar)
// source: https://cs.wmich.edu/~gupta/teaching/cs4850/sumII06/The%20syntax%20of%20C%20in%20Backus-Naur%20form.htm
    <conditional expression> ->
        <logical OR expression>

    <logical OR expression> ->
        <logical AND expression>
        | <logical OR expression> .OR. <relational expression>

    <logical AND expression> ->
        <relational expression>
        | <logical AND expression> .AND. <relational expression>
// END BNF from C specification


<logical OR expression> ->
    <relational expression> .OR. <relational expression>

<logical AND expression> ->
    <relational expression> .AND. <relational expression>

3.3.4 Relational Expression

<relational expression> ->
    <primary a_relational expression> == <primary a_relational expression>
    | <primary a_relational expression> <= <primary a_relational expression>
    | <primary a_relational expression> >= <primary a_relational expression>
    | <primary a_relational expression> > <primary a_relational expression>
    | <primary a_relational expression> < <primary a_relational expression>
    | <primary s_relational expression> == <primary s_relational expression>
    | <primary s_relational expression> <= <primary s_relational expression>
    | <primary s_relational expression> >= <primary s_relational expression>
    | <primary s_relational expression> > <primary s_relational expression>
    | <primary s_relational expression> < <primary s_relational expression>

<primary a_relational expression> ->
    <floating-point literal>
    | <integer literal>
    | <variable identifier>

<primary s_relational expression> ->
    <string variable identifier>
    | <string literal>