Compare commits
No commits in common. "main" and "main" have entirely different histories.
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
18
Cargo.toml
18
Cargo.toml
|
|
@ -9,14 +9,13 @@ repository = "https://github.com/Xe/site"
|
||||||
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
|
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[dependencies]
|
[dependencies]
|
||||||
axum = { version = "0.5", features = ["headers"] }
|
axum = "0.5"
|
||||||
axum-macros = "0.2"
|
axum-macros = "0.2"
|
||||||
axum-extra = "0.3"
|
axum-extra = "0.2"
|
||||||
color-eyre = "0.6"
|
color-eyre = "0.6"
|
||||||
chrono = "0.4"
|
chrono = "0.4"
|
||||||
comrak = "0.14.0"
|
comrak = "0.12.1"
|
||||||
derive_more = "0.99"
|
derive_more = "0.99"
|
||||||
dirs = "4"
|
|
||||||
envy = "0.4"
|
envy = "0.4"
|
||||||
estimated_read_time = "1"
|
estimated_read_time = "1"
|
||||||
futures = "0.3"
|
futures = "0.3"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -27,14 +26,11 @@ hyper = "0.14"
|
||||||
kankyo = "0.3"
|
kankyo = "0.3"
|
||||||
lazy_static = "1.4"
|
lazy_static = "1.4"
|
||||||
log = "0.4"
|
log = "0.4"
|
||||||
lol_html = "0.3"
|
|
||||||
maud = { version = "0.23.0", features = ["axum"] }
|
|
||||||
mime = "0.3.0"
|
mime = "0.3.0"
|
||||||
prometheus = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["process"] }
|
prometheus = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["process"] }
|
||||||
rand = "0"
|
rand = "0"
|
||||||
regex = "1"
|
|
||||||
reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
|
reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
|
||||||
serde_dhall = "0.11.2"
|
serde_dhall = "0.11.0"
|
||||||
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
|
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
|
||||||
serde_yaml = "0.8"
|
serde_yaml = "0.8"
|
||||||
sitemap = "0.4"
|
sitemap = "0.4"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -48,11 +44,9 @@ xml-rs = "0.8"
|
||||||
url = "2"
|
url = "2"
|
||||||
uuid = { version = "0.8", features = ["serde", "v4"] }
|
uuid = { version = "0.8", features = ["serde", "v4"] }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
xesite_types = { path = "./lib/xesite_types" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# workspace dependencies
|
# workspace dependencies
|
||||||
cfcache = { path = "./lib/cfcache" }
|
cfcache = { path = "./lib/cfcache" }
|
||||||
xe_jsonfeed = { path = "./lib/jsonfeed" }
|
jsonfeed = { path = "./lib/jsonfeed" }
|
||||||
mi = { path = "./lib/mi" }
|
mi = { path = "./lib/mi" }
|
||||||
patreon = { path = "./lib/patreon" }
|
patreon = { path = "./lib/patreon" }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -61,7 +55,7 @@ version = "0.4"
|
||||||
features = [ "full" ]
|
features = [ "full" ]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[dependencies.tower-http]
|
[dependencies.tower-http]
|
||||||
version = "0.3"
|
version = "0.2"
|
||||||
features = [ "full" ]
|
features = [ "full" ]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# os-specific dependencies
|
# os-specific dependencies
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[*Last time in the christine dot website cinematic
|
[*Last time in the christine dot website cinematic
|
||||||
universe:*](https://xeiaso.net/blog/unix-domain-sockets-2021-04-01)
|
universe:*](https://christine.website/blog/unix-domain-sockets-2021-04-01)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Unix sockets started to be used to grace the cluster. Things were at peace.
|
*Unix sockets started to be used to grace the cluster. Things were at peace.
|
||||||
Then, a realization came through:*
|
Then, a realization came through:*
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "My Stance on Toxicity About Programming Languages"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-23
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- toxicity
|
|
||||||
- culture
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have been toxic and hateful in the past about programming language choice. I
|
|
||||||
now realize this is a mistake. I am sorry if my being toxic about programming
|
|
||||||
languages has harmed you.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
By toxic, I mean doing things or saying things that imply people are lesser for
|
|
||||||
having different experience and preferences about programming languages. I have
|
|
||||||
seen people imply that using languages like PHP or Node.js means that they are
|
|
||||||
idiots or similar. This is toxic behavior and I do not want to be a part of it
|
|
||||||
in the future.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I am trying to not be toxic about programming languages in the future. Each
|
|
||||||
programming language is made to solve the tasks it was designed to solve and
|
|
||||||
being toxic about it helps nobody. By being toxic about programming languages
|
|
||||||
like this, I only serve to spread toxicity and then see it be repeated as the
|
|
||||||
people that look up to me as a role model will then strive to repeat my
|
|
||||||
behavior. This cannot continue. I do not want my passion projects to become
|
|
||||||
synonymous with toxicity and vitriol. I do not want to be known as the person
|
|
||||||
that hates $PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE. I want to break the cycle.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
With this, I want to confirm that I will not write any more attack articles
|
|
||||||
about programming languages. I am doing my best to ensure that this will also
|
|
||||||
spread to my social media actions, conference talks and as many other things as
|
|
||||||
I can.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I challenge all of you readers to take this challenge too. Don't spread toxicity
|
|
||||||
about programming languages. All of the PHP hate out there is a classic example
|
|
||||||
of this. PHP is a viable programming language that is used by a large percentage
|
|
||||||
of the internet. By insinuating that everyone using PHP is inferior (or worse)
|
|
||||||
you only serve to push people away and worst case cause them to be toxic about
|
|
||||||
the things you like. Toxicity breeds toxicity and the best way to stop it is to
|
|
||||||
be the one to break the cycle and have others follow in your footsteps.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have been incredibly toxic about PHP in the past. PHP is one of if not the
|
|
||||||
most widely used programming languages for writing applications that run on a
|
|
||||||
web server. Its design makes it dead simple to understand how incoming HTTP
|
|
||||||
requests relate to files on the disk. There is no compile step. The steps to
|
|
||||||
make a change are to open the file on the server, make the change you want to
|
|
||||||
see and press F5. This is a developer experience that is unparalleled in most
|
|
||||||
HTTP frameworks that I've seen in other programming environments. PHP users
|
|
||||||
deserve better than to be hated on. PHP is an incredibly valid choice and I'm
|
|
||||||
sure that with the right linters and human review in the mix it can be as secure
|
|
||||||
as "properly written" services in Go, Java and Rust.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">Take the "don't be toxic about programming
|
|
||||||
languages" challenge! Just stop with the hate, toxicity and vitriol. Our jobs
|
|
||||||
are complicated enough already. Being toxic to eachother about how we decide to
|
|
||||||
solve problems is a horrible life decision at the least and actively harmful to
|
|
||||||
people's careers at most. Just stop.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This post is not intended as a sub-blog.
|
|
||||||
If you feel that this post is calling you out, please don't take this
|
|
||||||
personally. There is a lot of toxicity out there and it will take a long time to
|
|
||||||
totally disarm it, even with people dedicated to doing it. This is an adaptation
|
|
||||||
of [this twitter
|
|
||||||
thread](https://twitter.com/theprincessxena/status/1527765025561186304).</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Anbernic Win600 First Impressions"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-07-14
|
|
||||||
series: reviews
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Right now PC gaming is largely a monopoly centered around Microsoft Windows.
|
|
||||||
Many PC games only support Windows and a large fraction of them use technical
|
|
||||||
means to prevent gamers on other platforms from playing those games. In 2021,
|
|
||||||
Valve introduced the [Steam Deck](https://www.steamdeck.com/en/) as an
|
|
||||||
alternative to that monopoly. There's always been a small, underground market
|
|
||||||
for handheld gaming PCs that let you play PC games on the go, but it's always
|
|
||||||
been a very niche market dominated by a few big players that charge a lot of
|
|
||||||
money relative to the game experience they deliver. The Steam Deck radically
|
|
||||||
changed this equation and it's still on backorder to this day. This has made
|
|
||||||
other manufacturers take notice and one of them was Anbernic.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Anbernic](https://anbernic.com/) is a company that specializes in making retro
|
|
||||||
emulation handheld gaming consoles. Recently they released their
|
|
||||||
[Win600](https://anbernic.com/products/new-anbernic-win600) handheld. It has a
|
|
||||||
Radeon Silver 3020e or a Radeon Silver 3050e and today I am going to give you my
|
|
||||||
first impressions of it. I have the 3050e version.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">A review of the Steam Deck is coming up
|
|
||||||
soon!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the real standout features of this device is that Anbernic has been
|
|
||||||
working with Valve to allow people to run SteamOS on it! This makes us all one
|
|
||||||
step closer to having a viable competitor to Windows for gaming. SteamOS is
|
|
||||||
fantastic and has revolutionized gaming on Linux. It's good to see it coming to
|
|
||||||
more devices.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Out of the box
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I ordered my Win600 about 3 hours after sales opened. It arrived in a week and
|
|
||||||
came in one of those china-spec packages made out of insulation. If you've ever
|
|
||||||
ordered things from AliExpress you know what I'm talking about. It's just a
|
|
||||||
solid mass of insulation.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[](https://cdn.xeiaso.net/file/christine-static/img/FXozAEjUsAQEg9d.jpeg)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The unboxing experience was pretty great. The console came with:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* The console
|
|
||||||
* A box containing the charger and cable
|
|
||||||
* A slip of paper telling you how to set up windows without a wifi connection
|
|
||||||
* A screen protector and cleaning cloth (my screen protector was broken in the
|
|
||||||
box, so much for all that insulation lol)
|
|
||||||
* A user manual that points out obvious things about your device
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the weirder things about this device is the mouse/gamepad slider on the
|
|
||||||
side. It changes the USB devices on the system and makes the gamepad either act
|
|
||||||
like an xinput joypad or a mouse and keyboard. The mouse and keyboard controls
|
|
||||||
are strange. Here are the controls I have discovered so far:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* R1 is right click
|
|
||||||
* L1 is left click
|
|
||||||
* A is enter
|
|
||||||
* The right stick very slowly skitters the mouse around the screen
|
|
||||||
* The left stick is a super aggressive scroll wheel
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Figuring out these controls on the fly without any help from the manual meant
|
|
||||||
that I had taken long enough in the setup screen that [Cortana started to pipe
|
|
||||||
up](https://youtu.be/yn6bSm9HXFg) and guided me through the setup process. This
|
|
||||||
was not fun. I had to connect an external keyboard to finish setup.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">This is probably not Anbernic's fault.
|
|
||||||
Windows is NOT made for smaller devices like this and oh god it
|
|
||||||
shows.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Windows 10 "fun"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There is also a keyboard button on the side. When you are using windows this
|
|
||||||
button summons a soft keyboard. Not the nice to use modern soft keyboard though,
|
|
||||||
the legacy terrible soft keyboard that Microsoft has had for forever and never
|
|
||||||
really updated. Using it is grating, like rubbing sandpaper all over your hands.
|
|
||||||
This made entering in my Wi-Fi password an adventure. It took my husband and I
|
|
||||||
15 minutes to get the device to connect to Wi-Fi. 15 minutes to connect to
|
|
||||||
Wi-Fi.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once it was connected to Wi-Fi, I tried to update the system to the latest
|
|
||||||
version of windows. The settings update crashed. Windows Update's service also
|
|
||||||
crashed. Windows Update also randomly got stuck trying to start the installation
|
|
||||||
process for updates. Once updates worked and finished installing, I rebooted.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I tried to clean up the taskbar by disabling all of the random icons that
|
|
||||||
product managers at Microsoft want you to see. The Cortana button was stuck on
|
|
||||||
and I was unable to disable it. Trying to hide the Windows meet icon crashed
|
|
||||||
explorer.exe. I don't know what part of this is Windows going out of its way to
|
|
||||||
mess with me (I'm cursed) and what part of it is Windows really not being
|
|
||||||
optimized for this hardware in any sense of the way.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Windows is really painful on this device. It's obvious that Windows was not made
|
|
||||||
with this device in mind. There are buttons to hack around this (but not as far
|
|
||||||
as the task manager button I've seen on other handhelds), but overall trying to
|
|
||||||
use Windows with a game console is like trying to saw a log with a pencil
|
|
||||||
sharpener. It's just the wrong tool for the job. Sure you _can_ do it, but _can_
|
|
||||||
and _should_ are different words in English.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Another weird thing about Windows on this device is that the screen only reports
|
|
||||||
a single display mode: 1280x720. It has no support for lower resolutions to run
|
|
||||||
older games that only work on those lower resolutions. In most cases this will
|
|
||||||
be not an issue, but if you want to lower the resolution of a game to squeeze
|
|
||||||
more performance out then you may have issues.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Steam
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In a moment of weakness, I decided to start up Steam. Steam defaulted to Big
|
|
||||||
Picture mode and its first-time-user-experience made me set up Wi-Fi again.
|
|
||||||
There was no way to bypass it. I got out my moonlander again and typed in my
|
|
||||||
Wi-Fi password again, and then I downloaded Sonic Adventure 2 as a test for how
|
|
||||||
games feel on it. Sonic Adventure 2 is a very lightweight game (you can play it
|
|
||||||
for like 6.5 hours on a full charge of the Steam Deck) and I've played it to
|
|
||||||
_death_ over the years. I know how the game _should_ feel.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[](https://cdn.xeiaso.net/file/christine-static/img/FXpIjhwUIAUEujg.jpeg)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
City Escape ran at a perfect 60 FPS at the device's native resolution. The main
|
|
||||||
thing I noticed though was the position of the analog sticks. Based on the
|
|
||||||
design of the device, I'm pretty sure they were going for something with a
|
|
||||||
PlayStation DualShock 4 layout with the action buttons on the top and the sticks
|
|
||||||
on the bottom. The sticks are too far down on the device. Playing Sonic
|
|
||||||
Adventure 2 was kind of painful.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## SteamOS
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So I installed SteamOS on the device. Besides a weird issue with 5 GHZ Wi-Fi not
|
|
||||||
working and updates requiring me to reboot the device IMMEDIATELY after
|
|
||||||
connecting to Wi-Fi, it works great. I can install games and they run. The DPI
|
|
||||||
for SteamOS is quite wrong though. All the UI elements are painfully small. For
|
|
||||||
comparison, I put my Steam Deck on the same screen as I had on the Win600. The
|
|
||||||
Steam Deck is on top and the Win600 is on the bottom.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/christine-static/img/FXqSz_tVsAAU0wf.jpeg)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Yeah. It leaves things to be desired.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When I had SteamOS set up, I did find something that makes the Win600 slightly
|
|
||||||
better than the Steam Deck. When you are adding games to Steam with Emulation
|
|
||||||
Station you need to close the Steam client to edit the leveldb files that Steam
|
|
||||||
uses to track what games you can launch. On the Steam Deck, the Steam client
|
|
||||||
also enables the built-in controllers to act as a keyboard and mouse. This means
|
|
||||||
that you need to poke around and pray with the touchscreen to get EmuDeck games
|
|
||||||
up and running. The mouse/controller switch on the Win600 makes this slightly
|
|
||||||
more convenient because the controllers can always poorly act as a mouse and
|
|
||||||
keyboard.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When you are in KDE on the Win600, you don't get a soft keyboard at all. This is
|
|
||||||
mildly inconvenient, but can be fixed with the moonlander yet again. Here's a
|
|
||||||
screenshot of what my KDE desktop on the Win600 looks like:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/christine-static/img/Screenshot_20220714_144655.png)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Overall, SteamOS is a lot more ergonomic in my opinion and will let you play
|
|
||||||
games to your heart's content.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The D-pad feels really good. I love how it responds. When I did a little bit of
|
|
||||||
Sonic Mania I never felt like I was inaccurate. There were some weird audio
|
|
||||||
hitches on Sonic Mania though where the music would cut out randomly. Not sure
|
|
||||||
what's going on with that. I could play through entire Pokemon games with that
|
|
||||||
D-pad.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Conclusions for now
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Overall I'm getting the feeling that this device is _okay_. It's not great, it's
|
|
||||||
not terrible, but it's okay. I need to get some more experience with it, but so
|
|
||||||
far it seems that this device really does have a weight class and oh god if you
|
|
||||||
play a game outside its weight class your UX goes to shit instantly. The battery
|
|
||||||
life leaves _a lot_ to be desired so far. However it does work. It's hard to not
|
|
||||||
compare this to the Steam Deck, but it's so much less in comparison to the Steam
|
|
||||||
Deck.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I don't know how I feel about this device. I'm not sure it's worth the money. I
|
|
||||||
need to get more experience with it. I'll have a better sense of all this when I
|
|
||||||
write my full review. Stay tuned for that!
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ up being the _worst_ experience that I have using an aarch64 MacBook.
|
||||||
[This website](https://github.com/Xe/site) is a fairly complicated webapp
|
[This website](https://github.com/Xe/site) is a fairly complicated webapp
|
||||||
written in Rust. As such it makes for a fairly decent compile stress test. I'm
|
written in Rust. As such it makes for a fairly decent compile stress test. I'm
|
||||||
going to do a compile test against my [Ryzen
|
going to do a compile test against my [Ryzen
|
||||||
3600](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nixos-desktop-flow-2020-04-25) with this M1
|
3600](https://christine.website/blog/nixos-desktop-flow-2020-04-25) with this M1
|
||||||
MacBook Air.
|
MacBook Air.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
My tower is running this version of Rust:
|
My tower is running this version of Rust:
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ server, my kubernetes cluster and my dokku server:
|
||||||
- hlang -> https://h.christine.website
|
- hlang -> https://h.christine.website
|
||||||
- mi -> https://mi.within.website
|
- mi -> https://mi.within.website
|
||||||
- printerfacts -> https://printerfacts.cetacean.club
|
- printerfacts -> https://printerfacts.cetacean.club
|
||||||
- xesite -> https://xeiaso.net
|
- xesite -> https://christine.website
|
||||||
- graphviz -> https://graphviz.christine.website
|
- graphviz -> https://graphviz.christine.website
|
||||||
- idp -> https://idp.christine.website
|
- idp -> https://idp.christine.website
|
||||||
- oragono -> ircs://irc.within.website:6697/
|
- oragono -> ircs://irc.within.website:6697/
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Site Update: The Big Domain Move To xeiaso.net"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-28
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- dns
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Hello all!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you take a look in the URL bar of your browser (or on the article URL section
|
|
||||||
of your feed reader), you should see that there is a new domain name! Welcome to
|
|
||||||
[xeiaso.net](https://xeiaso.net)!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Hopefully nothing broke in the process of moving things over, I tried to make
|
|
||||||
sure that everything would forward over and today I'm going to explain how I did
|
|
||||||
that.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have really good SEO on my NixOS articles, and for my blog in general. I did
|
|
||||||
not want to risk tanking that SEO when I moved domain names, so I have been
|
|
||||||
putting this off for the better part of a year. As for why now? I got tired of
|
|
||||||
internets complaning that the URL was "christine dot website" when I wanted to
|
|
||||||
be called "Xe". Now you have no excuse.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So the first step was to be sure that everything got forwarded over to the new
|
|
||||||
domain. After buying the domain name and setting everything up in Cloudflare
|
|
||||||
(including moving my paid plan over), I pointed the new domain at my server and
|
|
||||||
then set up a new NixOS configuration block to have that domain name point to my
|
|
||||||
site binary:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
services.nginx.virtualHosts."xeiaso.net" = {
|
|
||||||
locations."/" = {
|
|
||||||
proxyPass = "http://unix:${toString cfg.sockPath}";
|
|
||||||
proxyWebsockets = true;
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
forceSSL = cfg.useACME;
|
|
||||||
useACMEHost = "xeiaso.net";
|
|
||||||
extraConfig = ''
|
|
||||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/xesite.access.log;
|
|
||||||
'';
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After that was working, I then got a list of all the things that probably
|
|
||||||
shouldn't be redirected from. In most cases, most HTTP clients should do the
|
|
||||||
right thing when getting a permanent redirect to a new URL. However, we live in
|
|
||||||
a fallen world where we cannot expect clients to do the right thing. Especially
|
|
||||||
RSS feed readers.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So I made a list of all the things that I was afraid to make permanent redirects
|
|
||||||
for and here it is:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* `/jsonfeed` - a JSONFeed package for Go
|
|
||||||
([docs](https://pkg.go.dev/christine.website/jsonfeed)), I didn't want to
|
|
||||||
break builds by issuing a permanent redirect that would not match the
|
|
||||||
[go.mod](https://tulpa.dev/Xe/jsonfeed/src/branch/master/go.mod) file.
|
|
||||||
* `/.within/health` - the healthcheck route used by monitoring. I didn't want to
|
|
||||||
find out if NodePing blew up on a 301.
|
|
||||||
* `/.within/website.within.xesite/new_post` - the URL used by the [Android
|
|
||||||
app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=website.christine.xesite)
|
|
||||||
widget to let you know when a new post is published. I didn't want to find out
|
|
||||||
if Android's HTTP library handles redirects properly or not.
|
|
||||||
* `/blog.rss` - RSS feed readers are badly implemented. I didn't want to find
|
|
||||||
out if it would break people's feeds entirely. I actually care about people
|
|
||||||
that read this blog over RSS and I'm sad that poorly written feed readers
|
|
||||||
punish this server so much.
|
|
||||||
* `/blog.atom` - See above.
|
|
||||||
* `/blog.json` - See above.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now that I have the list of URLs to not forward, I can finally write the small
|
|
||||||
bit of Nginx config that will set up permanent forwards (HTTP status code 301)
|
|
||||||
for every link pointing to the old domain. It will look something like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nginx
|
|
||||||
location / {
|
|
||||||
return 301 https://xeiaso.net$request_uri;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">Note that it's using `$request_uri` and
|
|
||||||
not just `$uri`. If you use `$uri` you run the risk of [CRLF
|
|
||||||
injection](https://reversebrain.github.io/2021/03/29/The-story-of-Nginx-and-uri-variable/),
|
|
||||||
which will allow any random attacker to inject HTTP headers into incoming
|
|
||||||
requests. This is not a good thing to have happen, to say the
|
|
||||||
least.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So I wrote a little bit of NixOS config that automatically bridges the gap:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
services.nginx.virtualHosts."christine.website" = let proxyOld = {
|
|
||||||
proxyPass = "http://unix:${toString cfg.sockPath}";
|
|
||||||
proxyWebsockets = true;
|
|
||||||
}; in {
|
|
||||||
locations."/jsonfeed" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/.within/health" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/.within/website.within.xesite/new_post" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/blog.rss" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/blog.atom" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/blog.json" = proxyOld;
|
|
||||||
locations."/".extraConfig = ''
|
|
||||||
return 301 https://xeiaso.net$request_uri;
|
|
||||||
'';
|
|
||||||
forceSSL = cfg.useACME;
|
|
||||||
useACMEHost = "christine.website";
|
|
||||||
extraConfig = ''
|
|
||||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/xesite_old.access.log;
|
|
||||||
'';
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This will point all the scary paths to the site itself and have
|
|
||||||
`https://christine.website/whatever` get forwarded to
|
|
||||||
`https://xeiaso.net/whatever`, this makes sure that every single link that
|
|
||||||
anyone has ever posted will get properly forwarded. This makes link rot
|
|
||||||
literally impossible, and helps ensure that I keep my hard-earned SEO.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I also renamed my email address to `me@xeiaso.net`. Please update your address
|
|
||||||
books and spam filters accordingly. Also update my name to `Xe Iaso` if you
|
|
||||||
haven't already.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I've got some projects in the back burner that will make this blog even better!
|
|
||||||
Stay tuned and stay frosty.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What was formerly known as the "christine dot website cinematic universe" is now
|
|
||||||
known as the "xeiaso dot net cinematic universe".
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ for this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
Xe Iaso (zi ai-uh-so)
|
Xe Iaso (zi ai-uh-so)
|
||||||
https://xeiaso.net
|
https://christine.website
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.i la budza pu cusku lu
|
.i la budza pu cusku lu
|
||||||
<<.i ko snura .i ko kanro
|
<<.i ko snura .i ko kanro
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Your website should include at least the following things:
|
||||||
- Links to or words about projects of yours that you are proud of
|
- Links to or words about projects of yours that you are proud of
|
||||||
- Some contact information (an email address is a good idea too)
|
- Some contact information (an email address is a good idea too)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you feel comfortable doing so, I'd also suggest putting your [resume](https://xeiaso.net/resume)
|
If you feel comfortable doing so, I'd also suggest putting your [resume](https://christine.website/resume)
|
||||||
on this site too. Even if it's just got your foodservice jobs or education
|
on this site too. Even if it's just got your foodservice jobs or education
|
||||||
history (including your high school diploma if need be).
|
history (including your high school diploma if need be).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ not.
|
||||||
## Make a Tech Blog On That Site
|
## Make a Tech Blog On That Site
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This has been the single biggest thing to help me grow professionally. I regularly
|
This has been the single biggest thing to help me grow professionally. I regularly
|
||||||
put [articles](https://xeiaso.net/blog) on my blog, sometimes not even about
|
put [articles](https://christine.website/blog) on my blog, sometimes not even about
|
||||||
technology topics. Even if you are writing about your take on something people have
|
technology topics. Even if you are writing about your take on something people have
|
||||||
already written about, it's still good practice. Your early posts are going to be
|
already written about, it's still good practice. Your early posts are going to be
|
||||||
rough. It's normal to not be an expert when starting out in a new skill.
|
rough. It's normal to not be an expert when starting out in a new skill.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ by it. That attempt to come out failed and I was put into Christian
|
||||||
writing down my thoughts in a journal to this day.
|
writing down my thoughts in a journal to this day.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So that day I hit "send" on [the
|
So that day I hit "send" on [the
|
||||||
email](https://xeiaso.net/blog/coming-out-2015-12-01) was mortally
|
email](https://christine.website/blog/coming-out-2015-12-01) was mortally
|
||||||
terrifying. All that fear from so long ago came raging up to the surface and I
|
terrifying. All that fear from so long ago came raging up to the surface and I
|
||||||
was left in a crying and vulnerable state. However it ended up being a good kind
|
was left in a crying and vulnerable state. However it ended up being a good kind
|
||||||
of cry, the healing kind.
|
of cry, the healing kind.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ named [dyson][dyson] in order to help me manage Terraform as well as create
|
||||||
Kubernetes manifests from [a template][template]. This works for the majority of
|
Kubernetes manifests from [a template][template]. This works for the majority of
|
||||||
my apps, but it is difficult to extend at this point for a few reasons:
|
my apps, but it is difficult to extend at this point for a few reasons:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[cultk8s]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/the-cult-of-kubernetes-2019-09-07
|
[cultk8s]: https://christine.website/blog/the-cult-of-kubernetes-2019-09-07
|
||||||
[dyson]: https://github.com/Xe/within-terraform/tree/master/dyson
|
[dyson]: https://github.com/Xe/within-terraform/tree/master/dyson
|
||||||
[template]: https://github.com/Xe/within-terraform/blob/master/dyson/src/dysonPkg/deployment_with_ingress.yaml
|
[template]: https://github.com/Xe/within-terraform/blob/master/dyson/src/dysonPkg/deployment_with_ingress.yaml
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: Writing Coherently At Scale
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-06-29
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- writing
|
|
||||||
vod:
|
|
||||||
youtube: https://youtu.be/pDOoqqu06-8
|
|
||||||
twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1513874389
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As someone who does a lot of writing, I have been asked how to write about
|
|
||||||
things. I have been asked about it enough that I am documenting this here so you
|
|
||||||
can all understand my process. This is not a prescriptive system that you must
|
|
||||||
do in order to make Quality Content™️, this is what I do.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">I honestly have no idea if this is a
|
|
||||||
"correct" way of doing things, but it seems to work well enough. Especially so
|
|
||||||
if you are reading this.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="great-wave-cyberpunk" prompt="the great wave off of kanagawa, cyberpunk, hanzi inscription"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## The Planning Phase
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To start out the process of writing about something, I usually like to start
|
|
||||||
with the end goal in mind. If I am writing about an event or technology thing,
|
|
||||||
I'll start out with a goal that looks something like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Explain a split DNS setup and its advantages and weaknesses so that people can
|
|
||||||
> make more informed decisions about their technical setups.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It doesn't have to be very complicated or intricate. Most of the complexity
|
|
||||||
comes up naturally during the process of writing the intermediate steps. Think
|
|
||||||
about the end goal or what you want people to gain from reading the article.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I've also found it helps to think about the target audience and assumed skills
|
|
||||||
of the reader. I'll usually list out the kind of person that would benefit from
|
|
||||||
this the most and how it will help them. Here's an example:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> The reader is assumed to have some context about what DNS is and wants to help
|
|
||||||
> make their production environment more secure, but isn't totally clear on how
|
|
||||||
> it helps and what tradeoffs are made.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
State what the reader is to you and how the post benefits them. Underthink it.
|
|
||||||
It's tempting to overthink this, but really don't. You can overthink the
|
|
||||||
explanations later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### The Outline
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once I have an end goal and the target audience in mind, then I make an outline
|
|
||||||
of what I want the post to contain. This outline will have top level items for
|
|
||||||
generic parts of the article or major concepts/steps and then I will go in and
|
|
||||||
add more detail inside each top level item. Here is an example set of top level
|
|
||||||
items for that split DNS post:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```markdown
|
|
||||||
- Introduction
|
|
||||||
- Define split DNS
|
|
||||||
- How split DNS is different
|
|
||||||
- Where you can use split DNS
|
|
||||||
- Advantages of split DNS
|
|
||||||
- Tradeoffs of split DNS
|
|
||||||
- Conclusion
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Each step should build on the last and help you reach towards the end goal.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After I write the top level outline, I start drilling down into more detail. As
|
|
||||||
I drill down into more detail about a thing, the bullet points get nested
|
|
||||||
deeper, but when topics change then I go down a line. Here's an example:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```markdown
|
|
||||||
- Introduction
|
|
||||||
- What is DNS?
|
|
||||||
- Domain Name Service
|
|
||||||
- Maps names to IP addresses
|
|
||||||
- Sometimes it does other things, but we're not worrying about that today
|
|
||||||
- Distributed system
|
|
||||||
- Intended to have the same data everywhere in the world
|
|
||||||
- It can take time for records to be usable from everywhere
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then I will go in and start filling in the bullet tree with links and references
|
|
||||||
to each major concept or other opinions that people have had about the topic.
|
|
||||||
For example:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```markdown
|
|
||||||
- Introduction
|
|
||||||
- What is DNS?
|
|
||||||
- Domain Name Service
|
|
||||||
- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1035
|
|
||||||
- Maps names to IP addresses
|
|
||||||
- Sometimes it does other things, but we're not worrying about that today
|
|
||||||
- Distributed system
|
|
||||||
- Intended to have the same data everywhere in the world
|
|
||||||
- It can take time for records to be usable from everywhere
|
|
||||||
- https://jvns.ca/blog/2021/12/06/dns-doesn-t-propagate/
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These help me write about the topic and give me links to add to the post so that
|
|
||||||
people can understand more if they want to. You should spend most of your time
|
|
||||||
writing the outline. The rest is really just restating the outline in sentences.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Writing The Post
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After each top level item is fleshed out enough, I usually pick somewhere to
|
|
||||||
start and add some space after a top level item. Then I just start writing. Each
|
|
||||||
top level item usually maps to a few paragraphs / a section of the post. I
|
|
||||||
usually like to have each section have its own little goal / context to it so
|
|
||||||
that readers start out from not understanding something and end up understanding
|
|
||||||
it better. Here's an example:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> If you have used a computer in the last few decades or so, you have probably
|
|
||||||
> used the Domain Name Service (DNS). DNS maps human-readable names (like
|
|
||||||
> `google.com`) to machine-readable IP addresses (like `182.48.247.12`). Because
|
|
||||||
> of this, DNS is one of the bedrock protocols of the modern internet and it
|
|
||||||
> usually is the cause of most failures in big companies.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> DNS is a globally distributed system without any authentication or way to
|
|
||||||
> ensure that only authorized parties can query IP addresses for specific domain
|
|
||||||
> names. As a consequence of this, this means that anyone can get the IP address
|
|
||||||
> of a given server if they have the DNS name for it. This also means that
|
|
||||||
> updating a DNS record can take a nontrivial amount of time to be visible from
|
|
||||||
> everywhere in the world.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> Instead of using public DNS records for internal services, you can set up a
|
|
||||||
> split DNS configuration so that you run an internal DNS server that has your
|
|
||||||
> internal service IP addresses obscured away from the public internet. This
|
|
||||||
> means that attackers can't get their hands on the IP addresses of your
|
|
||||||
> services so that they are harder to attack. In this article, I'm going to
|
|
||||||
> spell out how this works, the advantages of this setup, the tradeoffs made in
|
|
||||||
> the process and how you can implement something like this for yourself.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the process of writing, I will find gaps in the outline and just fix it by
|
|
||||||
writing more words than the outline suggested. This is okay, and somewhat
|
|
||||||
normal. Go with the flow.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I expand each major thing into its component paragraphs and will break things up
|
|
||||||
into sections with markdown headers if there is a huge change in topics. Adding
|
|
||||||
section breaks can also help people stay engaged with the post. Giant walls of
|
|
||||||
text are hard to read and can make people lose focus easily.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Another trick I use to avoid my posts being giant walls of text is what I call
|
|
||||||
"conversation snippets". These look like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">These are words and I am saying
|
|
||||||
them!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I use them for both creating [Socratic
|
|
||||||
dialogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_dialogue) and to add prose
|
|
||||||
flair to my writing. I am more of a prose writer [by
|
|
||||||
nature](https://xeiaso.net/blog/the-oasis), and I find that this mix allows me
|
|
||||||
to keep both technical and artistic writing up to snuff.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">Amusingly, I get asked if the characters
|
|
||||||
in my blog are separate people all giving their input into things. They are
|
|
||||||
characters, nothing more. If you ever got an impression otherwise, then I have
|
|
||||||
done my job as a writer _incredibly well_.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Just flesh things out and progressively delete parts of the outline as you go.
|
|
||||||
It gets easier.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Writing The Conclusion
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have to admit, I really suck at writing conclusions. They are annoying for me
|
|
||||||
to write because I usually don't know what to put there. Sometimes I won't even
|
|
||||||
write a conclusion at all and just end the article there. This doesn't always
|
|
||||||
work though.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A lot of the time when I am describing how to do things I will end the article
|
|
||||||
with a "call to action". This is a few sentences that encourages the reader to
|
|
||||||
try the thing that I've been writing about out for themselves. If I was turning
|
|
||||||
that split DNS article from earlier into a full article, the conclusion
|
|
||||||
could look something like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> ---
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> If you want an easy way to try out a split DNS configuration, install
|
|
||||||
> [Tailscale](https://tailscale.com/) on a couple virtual machines and enable
|
|
||||||
> [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns/). This will set up a split
|
|
||||||
> DNS configuration with a domain that won't resolve globally, such as
|
|
||||||
> `hostname.example.com.beta.tailscale.net`, or just `hostname` for short.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> I use this in my own infrastructure constantly. It has gotten to the point
|
|
||||||
> where I regularly forget that Tailscale is involved at all, and become
|
|
||||||
> surprised when I can't just access machines by name.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> A split DNS setup isn't a security feature (if anything, it's more of an
|
|
||||||
> obscurity feature), but you can use it to help administrate your systems by
|
|
||||||
> making your life easier. You can update records on your own schedule and you
|
|
||||||
> don't have to worry about outside attackers getting the IP addresses of your
|
|
||||||
> services.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I don't like giving the conclusion a heading, so I'll usually use a [horizontal
|
|
||||||
rule (`---` or `<hr
|
|
||||||
/>`)](https://www.coffeecup.com/help/articles/what-is-a-horizontal-rule/) to
|
|
||||||
break it off.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is how I write about things. Do you have a topic in mind that you have
|
|
||||||
wanted to write about for a while? Try this system out! If you get something
|
|
||||||
that you like and want feedback on how to make it shine, email me at
|
|
||||||
`iwroteanarticle at xeserv dot us` with either a link to it or the draft
|
|
||||||
somehow. I'll be sure to read it and reply back with both what I liked and some
|
|
||||||
advice on how to make it even better.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ terrible idea. Microservices architectures are not planned. They are an
|
||||||
evolutionary result, not a fully anticipated feature.
|
evolutionary result, not a fully anticipated feature.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, don’t “design for the future”. The future [hasn’t happened
|
Finally, don’t “design for the future”. The future [hasn’t happened
|
||||||
yet](https://xeiaso.net/blog/all-there-is-is-now-2019-05-25). Nobody
|
yet](https://christine.website/blog/all-there-is-is-now-2019-05-25). Nobody
|
||||||
knows how it’s going to turn out. The future is going to happen, and you can
|
knows how it’s going to turn out. The future is going to happen, and you can
|
||||||
either adapt to it as it happens in the Now or fail to. Don’t make things overly
|
either adapt to it as it happens in the Now or fail to. Don’t make things overly
|
||||||
modular, that leads to insane things like dynamically linking parts of an
|
modular, that leads to insane things like dynamically linking parts of an
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ step.
|
||||||
The deploy step does two small things. First, it installs
|
The deploy step does two small things. First, it installs
|
||||||
[dhall-yaml](https://github.com/dhall-lang/dhall-haskell/tree/master/dhall-yaml)
|
[dhall-yaml](https://github.com/dhall-lang/dhall-haskell/tree/master/dhall-yaml)
|
||||||
for generating the Kubernetes manifest (see
|
for generating the Kubernetes manifest (see
|
||||||
[here](https://xeiaso.net/blog/dhall-kubernetes-2020-01-25)) and then
|
[here](https://christine.website/blog/dhall-kubernetes-2020-01-25)) and then
|
||||||
runs
|
runs
|
||||||
[`scripts/release.sh`](https://tulpa.dev/cadey/printerfacts/src/branch/master/scripts/release.sh):
|
[`scripts/release.sh`](https://tulpa.dev/cadey/printerfacts/src/branch/master/scripts/release.sh):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Hopefully Valve can improve the state of VR on Linux with the "deckard".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
2021 has had some banger releases. Halo Infinite finally dropped. Final Fantasy
|
2021 has had some banger releases. Halo Infinite finally dropped. Final Fantasy
|
||||||
7 Remake came to PC. [Metroid
|
7 Remake came to PC. [Metroid
|
||||||
Dread](https://xeiaso.net/blog/metroid-dread-review-2021-10-10) finally
|
Dread](https://christine.website/blog/metroid-dread-review-2021-10-10) finally
|
||||||
came out after being rumored for more than half of my lifetime. Forza Horizon 5
|
came out after being rumored for more than half of my lifetime. Forza Horizon 5
|
||||||
raced out into the hearts of millions. Overall, it was a pretty good year to be
|
raced out into the hearts of millions. Overall, it was a pretty good year to be
|
||||||
a gamer.
|
a gamer.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Fly.io: the Reclaimer of Heroku's Magic"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-15
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- flyio
|
|
||||||
- heroku
|
|
||||||
vod:
|
|
||||||
twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1484123245
|
|
||||||
youtube: https://youtu.be/BAgzkKpLVt4
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Heroku was catalytic to my career. It's been hard to watch the fall from grace.
|
|
||||||
Don't get me wrong, Heroku still _works_, but it's obviously been in maintenance
|
|
||||||
mode for years. When I worked there, there was a goal that just kind of grew in
|
|
||||||
scope over and over without reaching an end state: the Dogwood stack.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Heroku each "stack" is the substrate the dynos run on. It encompasses the AWS
|
|
||||||
runtime, the HTTP router, the logging pipeline and a bunch of the other
|
|
||||||
infrastructure like the slug builder and the deployment infrastructure. The
|
|
||||||
three stacks Heroku has used are named after trees: Aspen, Bamboo and Cedar.
|
|
||||||
Every Heroku app today runs on the Cedar stack, and compared to Bamboo it was a
|
|
||||||
generational leap in capability. Cedar was what introduced buildpacks and
|
|
||||||
support for any language under the sun. Prior stacks railroaded you into Ruby on
|
|
||||||
Rails (Heroku used to be a web IDE for making Rails apps). However there were
|
|
||||||
always plans to improve with another generational leap. This ended up being
|
|
||||||
called the "Dogwood stack", but Dogwood never totally materialized because it
|
|
||||||
was too ambitious for Heroku to handle post-acquisition. Parts of Dogwood's
|
|
||||||
roadmap ended up being used in the implementation of Private Spaces, but as a
|
|
||||||
whole I don't expect Dogwood to materialize in Heroku in the way we all had
|
|
||||||
hoped.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, I can confidently say that [fly.io](https://fly.io) seems like a viable
|
|
||||||
inheritor of the mantle of responsibility that Heroku has left into the hands of
|
|
||||||
the cloud. fly.io is a Platform-as-a-Service that hosts your applications on top
|
|
||||||
of physical dedicated servers run all over the world instead of being a reseller
|
|
||||||
of AWS. This allows them to get your app running in multiple regions for a lot
|
|
||||||
less than it would cost to run it on Heroku. They also use anycasting to allow
|
|
||||||
your app to use the same IP address globally. The internet itself will load
|
|
||||||
balance users to the nearest instance using BGP as the load balancing
|
|
||||||
substrate.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">People have been asking me what I would
|
|
||||||
suggest using instead of Heroku. I have been unable to give a good option until
|
|
||||||
now. If you are dissatisfied with the neglect of Heroku in the wake of the
|
|
||||||
Salesforce acquisition, take a look at fly.io. Its free tier is super generous.
|
|
||||||
I worked at Heroku and I am beyond satisfied with it. I'm considering using it
|
|
||||||
for hosting some personal services that don't need something like
|
|
||||||
NixOS.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Applications can be built either using [cloud native
|
|
||||||
buildpacks](https://fly.io/docs/reference/builders/), Dockerfiles or arbitrary
|
|
||||||
docker images that you generated with something like Nix's
|
|
||||||
`pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage`. This gives you freedom to do whatever you
|
|
||||||
want like the Cedar stack, but at a fraction of the cost. Its default instance
|
|
||||||
size is likely good enough to run the blog you are reading right now and would
|
|
||||||
be able to do that for $2 a month plus bandwidth costs (I'd probably estimate
|
|
||||||
that to be about $3-5, depending on how many times I get on the front page of
|
|
||||||
Hacker News).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can have persistent storage in the form of volumes, poke the internal DNS
|
|
||||||
server fly.io uses for service discovery, run apps that use arbitrary TCP/UDP
|
|
||||||
ports (even a DNS server!), connect to your internal network over WireGuard, ssh
|
|
||||||
into your containers, and import Heroku apps into fly.io without having to
|
|
||||||
rebuild them. This is what the Dogwood stack should have been. This represents a
|
|
||||||
generational leap in the capabilities of what a Platform as a Service can do.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The stream VOD in the footer of this post contains my first impressions using
|
|
||||||
fly.io to try and deploy an app written with [Deno](https://deno.land) to the
|
|
||||||
cloud. I ended up creating a terrible CRUD app on stream using SQLite that
|
|
||||||
worked perfectly beyond expectations. I was able to _restart the app_ and my
|
|
||||||
SQLite database didn't get blown away. I could easily imagine myself combining
|
|
||||||
something like [litestream](https://litestream.io) into my docker images to
|
|
||||||
automate offsite backups of SQLite databases like this. It was magical.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">If you've never really used Heroku, for
|
|
||||||
context each dyno has a mutable filesystem. However that filesystem gets blown
|
|
||||||
away every time a dyno reboots. Having something that is mutable and persistent
|
|
||||||
is mind-blowing.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Everything else you expect out of Heroku works like you'd expect in fly.io. The
|
|
||||||
only things I can see missing are automated Redis hosting by the platform
|
|
||||||
(however this seems intentional as fly.io is generic enough [to just run redis
|
|
||||||
directly for you](https://fly.io/docs/reference/redis/)) and the marketplace.
|
|
||||||
The marketplace being absent is super reasonable, seeing as Heroku's marketplace
|
|
||||||
only really started existing as a result of them being the main game in town
|
|
||||||
with all the mindshare. fly.io is a voice among a chorus, so it's understandable
|
|
||||||
that it wouldn't have the same treatment.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Overall, I would rate fly.io as a worthy inheritor of Heroku's mantle as the
|
|
||||||
platform as a service that is just _magic_. It Just Works™️. There was no
|
|
||||||
fighting it at a platform level, it just worked. Give it a try.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">Don't worry
|
|
||||||
[@tqbf](https://twitter.com/tqbf), fly.io put in a good showing. I still wanna
|
|
||||||
meet you at some conference.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ series: conlangs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`h` is a conlang project that I have been working off and on for years. It is infinitely simply teachable, trivial to master and can be used to represent the entire scope of all meaning in any facet of the word. All with a single character.
|
`h` is a conlang project that I have been working off and on for years. It is infinitely simply teachable, trivial to master and can be used to represent the entire scope of all meaning in any facet of the word. All with a single character.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a continuation from [this post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/the-origin-of-h-2015-12-14). If this post makes sense to you, please let me know and/or schedule a psychologist appointment just to be safe.
|
This is a continuation from [this post](https://christine.website/blog/the-origin-of-h-2015-12-14). If this post makes sense to you, please let me know and/or schedule a psychologist appointment just to be safe.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Phonology
|
## Phonology
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -363,14 +363,14 @@ my blog's [JSONFeed](/blog.json):
|
||||||
#!/usr/bin/env bash
|
#!/usr/bin/env bash
|
||||||
# xeblog-post.sh
|
# xeblog-post.sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
curl -s https://xeiaso.net/blog.json | jq -r '.items[0] | "\(.title) \(.url)"'
|
curl -s https://christine.website/blog.json | jq -r '.items[0] | "\(.title) \(.url)"'
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
At the time of writing this post, here is the output I get from this command:
|
At the time of writing this post, here is the output I get from this command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
$ ./xeblog-post.sh
|
$ ./xeblog-post.sh
|
||||||
Anbernic RG280M Review https://xeiaso.net/blog/rg280m-review
|
Anbernic RG280M Review https://christine.website/blog/rg280m-review
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What else could you do with pipes and redirection? The cloud's the limit!
|
What else could you do with pipes and redirection? The cloud's the limit!
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ it. This is a sort of spiritual successor to my old
|
||||||
ecosystem since then, as well as my understanding of the language.
|
ecosystem since then, as well as my understanding of the language.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[go]: https://golang.org
|
[go]: https://golang.org
|
||||||
[gswg]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/getting-started-with-go-2015-01-28
|
[gswg]: https://christine.website/blog/getting-started-with-go-2015-01-28
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Like always, feedback is very welcome. Any feedback I get will be used to help
|
Like always, feedback is very welcome. Any feedback I get will be used to help
|
||||||
make this book even better.
|
make this book even better.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,565 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: Crimes with Go Generics
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-04-24
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- cursed
|
|
||||||
- golang
|
|
||||||
- generics
|
|
||||||
vod:
|
|
||||||
twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1465727432
|
|
||||||
youtube: https://youtu.be/UiJtaKYQnzg
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Go 1.18 added [generics](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/generics) to the
|
|
||||||
language. This allows you to have your types take types as parameters
|
|
||||||
so that you can create composite types (types out of types). This lets
|
|
||||||
you get a lot of expressivity and clarity about how you use Go.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, if you are looking for good ideas on how to use Go generics,
|
|
||||||
this is not the post for you. This is full of bad ideas. This post is
|
|
||||||
full of ways that you should not use Go generics in production. Do not
|
|
||||||
copy the examples in this post into production. By reading this post
|
|
||||||
you agree to not copy the examples in this post into production.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have put my code for this article [on my git
|
|
||||||
server](https://tulpa.dev/internal/gonads). This repo has been
|
|
||||||
intentionally designed to be difficult to use in production by me
|
|
||||||
taking the following steps:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. I have created it under a Gitea organization named `internal`. This
|
|
||||||
will make it impossible for you to import the package unless you
|
|
||||||
are using it from a repo on my Gitea server. Signups are disabled
|
|
||||||
on that Gitea server. See
|
|
||||||
[here](https://go.dev/doc/go1.4#internalpackages) for more
|
|
||||||
information about the internal package rule.
|
|
||||||
1. The package documentation contains a magic comment that will make
|
|
||||||
Staticcheck and other linters complain that you are using this
|
|
||||||
package even though it is deprecated.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">What is that package
|
|
||||||
name?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">It's a reference to
|
|
||||||
Haskell's monads, but adapted to Go as a pun.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">A gonad is just a gonoid in the
|
|
||||||
category of endgofunctors. What's there to be confused
|
|
||||||
about?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="facepalm">\*sigh\*</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## `Queue[T]`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To start things out, let's show off a problem in computer science that
|
|
||||||
is normally difficult. Let's make a MPMS (multiple producer, multiple
|
|
||||||
subscriber) queue.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
First we are going to need a struct to wrap everything around. It will
|
|
||||||
look like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Queue[T any] struct {
|
|
||||||
data chan T
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This creates a type named `Queue` that takes a type argument `T`. This
|
|
||||||
`T` can be absolutely anything, but the only requirement is that the
|
|
||||||
data is a Go type.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can create a little constructor for `Queue` instances with a
|
|
||||||
function like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func NewQueue[T any](size int) Queue[T] {
|
|
||||||
return Queue[T]{
|
|
||||||
data: make(chan T, size),
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now let's make some methods on the `Queue` struct that will let us
|
|
||||||
push to the queue and pop from the queue. They could look like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (q Queue[T]) Push(val T) {
|
|
||||||
q.data <- val
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (q Queue[T]) Pop() T {
|
|
||||||
return <-q.data
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These methods will let you put data at the end of the queue and then
|
|
||||||
pull it out from the beginning. You can use them like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
q := NewQueue[string](5)
|
|
||||||
q.Push("hi there")
|
|
||||||
str := q.Pop()
|
|
||||||
if str != "hi there" {
|
|
||||||
panic("string is wrong")
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is good, but the main problem comes from trying to pop from an
|
|
||||||
empty queue. It'll stay there forever doing nothing. We can use the
|
|
||||||
`select` statement to allow us to write a nonblocking version of the
|
|
||||||
`Pop` function:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (q Queue[T]) TryPop() (T, bool) {
|
|
||||||
select {
|
|
||||||
case val := <-q.data:
|
|
||||||
return val, true
|
|
||||||
default:
|
|
||||||
return nil, false
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However when we try to compile this, we get an error:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
cannot use nil as T value in return statement
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In that code, `T` can be _anything_, including values that may not be
|
|
||||||
able to be `nil`. We can work around this by taking advantage of the
|
|
||||||
`var` statement, which makes a new variable and initializes it to the
|
|
||||||
zero value of that type:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func Zero[T any]() T {
|
|
||||||
var zero T
|
|
||||||
return zero
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When we run the `Zero` function like
|
|
||||||
[this](https://go.dev/play/p/Z5tRs1-aKBU):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
log.Printf("%q", Zero[string]())
|
|
||||||
log.Printf("%v", Zero[int]())
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We get output that looks like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
2009/11/10 23:00:00 ""
|
|
||||||
2009/11/10 23:00:00 0
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So we can adapt the `default` branch of `TryPop` to this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (q Queue[T]) TryPop() (T, bool) {
|
|
||||||
select {
|
|
||||||
case val := <-q.data:
|
|
||||||
return val, true
|
|
||||||
default:
|
|
||||||
var zero T
|
|
||||||
return zero, false
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And finally write a test for good measure:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func TestQueue(t *testing.T) {
|
|
||||||
q := NewQueue[int](5)
|
|
||||||
for i := range make([]struct{}, 5) {
|
|
||||||
q.Push(i)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for range make([]struct{}, 5) {
|
|
||||||
t.Log(q.Pop())
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## `Option[T]`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Go, people use pointer values for a number of reasons:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. A pointer value may be `nil`, so this can signal that the value may
|
|
||||||
not exist.
|
|
||||||
1. A pointer value only stores the offset in memory, so passing around
|
|
||||||
the value causes Go to only copy the pointer instead of copying the
|
|
||||||
value being passed around.
|
|
||||||
1. A pointer value being passed to a function lets you mutate values
|
|
||||||
in the value being passed. Otherwise Go will copy the value and you
|
|
||||||
can mutate it all you want, but the changes you made will not
|
|
||||||
persist past that function call. You can sort of consider this to
|
|
||||||
be "immutable", but it's not as strict as something like passing
|
|
||||||
`&mut T` to functions in Rust.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This `Option[T]` type will help us model the first kind of constraint:
|
|
||||||
a value that may not exist. We can define it like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Option[T any] struct {
|
|
||||||
val *T
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then you can define a couple methods to use this container:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
var ErrOptionIsNone = errors.New("gonads: Option[T] has no value")
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (o Option[T]) Take() (T, error) {
|
|
||||||
if o.IsNone() {
|
|
||||||
var zero T
|
|
||||||
return zero, ErrOptionIsNone
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return *o.val, nil
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (o *Option[T]) Set(val T) {
|
|
||||||
o.val = &val
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (o *Option[T]) Clear() {
|
|
||||||
o.val = nil
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some other functions that will be useful will be an `IsSome` function
|
|
||||||
to tell if the `Option` contains a value. We can use this to also
|
|
||||||
implement an `IsNone` function that will let you tell if that `Option`
|
|
||||||
_does not_ contain a value. They will look like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (o Option[T]) IsSome() bool {
|
|
||||||
return o.val != nil
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (o Option[T]) IsNone() bool {
|
|
||||||
return !o.IsSome()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can say that if an Option does not have something in it, it has
|
|
||||||
nothing in it. This will let us use `IsSome` to implement `IsNone`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally we can add all this up to a `Yank` function, which is similar
|
|
||||||
to
|
|
||||||
[`Option::unwrap()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/error/option_unwrap.html)
|
|
||||||
in Rust:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (o Option[T]) Yank() T {
|
|
||||||
if o.IsNone() {
|
|
||||||
panic("gonads: Yank on None Option")
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return *o.val
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This will all be verified in a Go test:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func TestOption(t *testing.T) {
|
|
||||||
o := NewOption[string]()
|
|
||||||
val, err := o.Take()
|
|
||||||
if err == nil {
|
|
||||||
t.Fatalf("[unexpected] wanted no value out of Option[T], got: %v", val)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
o.Set("hello friendos")
|
|
||||||
_, err = o.Take()
|
|
||||||
if err != nil {
|
|
||||||
t.Fatalf("[unexpected] wanted no value out of Option[T], got: %v", err)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
o.Clear()
|
|
||||||
if o.IsSome() {
|
|
||||||
t.Fatal("Option should have none, but has some")
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">I think that
|
|
||||||
<code>Option[T]</code> will be the most useful outside of this post.
|
|
||||||
It will need some work and generalization, but this may be something
|
|
||||||
that the Go team will have to make instead of some random
|
|
||||||
person.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## `Thunk[T]`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In computer science we usually deal with values and computations.
|
|
||||||
Usually we deal with one or the other. Sometimes computations can be
|
|
||||||
treated as values, but this is very rare. It's even more rare to take
|
|
||||||
a partially completed computation and use it as a value.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A thunk is a partially evaluated computation that is stored as a
|
|
||||||
value. For an idea of what I'm talking about, let's consider this
|
|
||||||
JavaScript function:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
const add = (x, y) => x + y;
|
|
||||||
console.log(add(2, 2)); // 4
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This creates a function called `add` that takes two arguments and
|
|
||||||
returns one argument. This is great in many cases, but it makes it
|
|
||||||
difficult for us to bind only one argument to the function and leave
|
|
||||||
the other as a variable input. What if computing the left hand side of
|
|
||||||
`add` is expensive and only needed once?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Instead we can write `add` like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
const add = (x) => (y) => x + y;
|
|
||||||
console.log(add(2)(2)); // 4
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This also allows us to make partially evaluated forms of `add` like
|
|
||||||
`addTwo`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
const addTwo = add(2);
|
|
||||||
console.log(addTwo(3)); // 5
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This can also be used with functions that do not take arguments, so
|
|
||||||
you can pass around a value that isn't computed yet and then only
|
|
||||||
actually compute it when needed:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
const hypotenuse = (x, y) => Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
|
|
||||||
const thunk = () => hypot(3, 4);
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can then pass this thunk to functions _without having to evaluate
|
|
||||||
it_ until it is needed:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
dominateWorld(thunk); // thunk is passed as an unevaluated function
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can implement this in Go by using a type like the following:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Thunk[T any] struct {
|
|
||||||
doer func() T
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then force the thunk to evaluate with a function such as `Force`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func (t Thunk[T]) Force() T {
|
|
||||||
return t.doer()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This works, however we can also go one step further than we did with
|
|
||||||
the JavaScript example. We can take advantage of the `Thunk[T]`
|
|
||||||
container to cache the result of the `doer` function so that calling
|
|
||||||
it multiple times will only actually it once and return the same
|
|
||||||
result.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">Keep in mind that this will
|
|
||||||
only work for _pure functions_, or functions that don't modify the
|
|
||||||
outside world. This isn't just global variables either, but any
|
|
||||||
function that modifies any state anywhere, including network and
|
|
||||||
filesystem IO.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This would make `Thunk[T]` be implemented like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Thunk[T any] struct {
|
|
||||||
doer func() T // action being thunked
|
|
||||||
o *Option[T] // cache for complete thunk data
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (t *Thunk[T]) Force() T {
|
|
||||||
if t.o.IsSome() {
|
|
||||||
return t.o.Yank()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
t.o.Set(t.doer())
|
|
||||||
return t.o.Yank()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func NewThunk[T any](doer func() T) *Thunk[T] {
|
|
||||||
return &Thunk[T]{
|
|
||||||
doer: doer,
|
|
||||||
o: NewOption[T](),
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now, for an overcomplicated example you can use this to implement the
|
|
||||||
Fibonacci function. We can start out by writing a naiive Fibonacci
|
|
||||||
function like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func Fib(n int) int {
|
|
||||||
if n <= 1 {
|
|
||||||
return n
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return Fib(n-1) + Fib(n-2)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can turn this into a Go test in order to see how long it takes for
|
|
||||||
it to work:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func TestRecurFib(t *testing.T) {
|
|
||||||
t.Log(Fib(40))
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then when we run `go test`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ go test -run RecurFib
|
|
||||||
=== RUN TestRecurFib
|
|
||||||
thunk_test.go:15: 102334155
|
|
||||||
--- PASS: TestRecurFib (0.36s)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, we can make this a lot more complicated with the power of the
|
|
||||||
`Thunk[T]` type:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func TestThunkFib(t *testing.T) {
|
|
||||||
cache := make([]*Thunk[int], 41)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
var fib func(int) int
|
|
||||||
fib = func(n int) int {
|
|
||||||
if cache[n].o.IsSome() {
|
|
||||||
return *cache[n].o.val
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for i := range cache {
|
|
||||||
i := i
|
|
||||||
cache[i] = NewThunk(func() int { return fib(i) })
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
cache[0].o.Set(0)
|
|
||||||
cache[1].o.Set(1)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
t.Log(cache[40].Force())
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then run the test:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
=== RUN TestThunkFib
|
|
||||||
thunk_test.go:36: 102334155
|
|
||||||
--- PASS: TestThunkFib (0.60s)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">Why is this so much slower? This
|
|
||||||
should be caching the intermediate values. Maybe something like this
|
|
||||||
would be faster? This should complete near instantly,
|
|
||||||
right?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func TestMemoizedFib(t *testing.T) {
|
|
||||||
mem := map[int]int{
|
|
||||||
0: 0,
|
|
||||||
1: 1,
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
var fib func(int) int
|
|
||||||
fib = func(n int) int {
|
|
||||||
if result, ok := mem[n]; ok {
|
|
||||||
return result
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
result := fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
|
|
||||||
mem[n] = result
|
|
||||||
return result
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
t.Log(fib(40))
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ go test -run Memoized
|
|
||||||
=== RUN TestMemoizedFib
|
|
||||||
thunk_test.go:35: 102334155
|
|
||||||
--- PASS: TestMemoizedFib (0.00s)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">I'm not sure
|
|
||||||
either.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you change the `fib` function to this, it works, but it also steps
|
|
||||||
around the `Thunk[T]` type:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
fib = func(n int) int {
|
|
||||||
if cache[n].o.IsSome() {
|
|
||||||
return *cache[n].o.val
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
result := fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
|
|
||||||
cache[n].o.Set(result)
|
|
||||||
return result
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This completes instantly:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
=== RUN TestThunkFib
|
|
||||||
thunk_test.go:59: 102334155
|
|
||||||
--- PASS: TestThunkFib (0.00s)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To be clear, this isn't the fault of Go generics. I'm almost certain
|
|
||||||
that my terrible code is causing this to be much slower.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">This is the power of gonads:
|
|
||||||
making easy code complicated, harder to reason about and slower than
|
|
||||||
the naiive approach! Why see this as terrible code when it creates an
|
|
||||||
amazing opportunity for cloud providers to suggest that people use
|
|
||||||
gonads' `Thunk[T]` so that they use more CPU and then have to pay cloud
|
|
||||||
providers more money for CPU! Think about the children!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">EDIT(2022 M04 25 05:56): amscanne on
|
|
||||||
Hacker News pointed out that my code was in fact wrong. My `fib` function should
|
|
||||||
have been a lot simpler.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
fib = func(n int) int {
|
|
||||||
return cache[n-1].Force() + cache[n-2].Force()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="facepalm">Applying this also makes the code run
|
|
||||||
instantly as I'd expect. I knew _something_ was _very wrong_, but I never
|
|
||||||
expected something this stupid. Thanks amscanne!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="happy">Hey, it makes for good surrealism. If that
|
|
||||||
isn't a success, what is?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'm glad that Go has added generics to the language. It's certainly
|
|
||||||
going to make a lot of things a lot easier and more expressive. I'm
|
|
||||||
worried that the process of learning how to use generics in Go is
|
|
||||||
going to create a lot of churn and toil as people get up to speed on
|
|
||||||
when and where they should be used. These should be used in specific
|
|
||||||
cases, not as a bread and butter tool.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I hope this was an interesting look into how you can use generics in
|
|
||||||
Go, but again please don't use these examples in production.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ for browsers, but I've been using it for server-side tasks.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have written more about/with WebAssembly in the past in these posts:
|
I have written more about/with WebAssembly in the past in these posts:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31
|
- https://christine.website/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018
|
- https://christine.website/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018
|
- https://christine.website/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/land-1-syscalls-file-io-2018-06-18
|
- https://christine.website/blog/land-1-syscalls-file-io-2018-06-18
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/templeos-2-god-the-rng-2019-05-30
|
- https://christine.website/blog/templeos-2-god-the-rng-2019-05-30
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a continuation of the following two posts:
|
This is a continuation of the following two posts:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/the-origin-of-h-2015-12-14
|
- https://christine.website/blog/the-origin-of-h-2015-12-14
|
||||||
- https://xeiaso.net/blog/formal-grammar-of-h-2019-05-19
|
- https://christine.website/blog/formal-grammar-of-h-2019-05-19
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
All of the relevant code for h is [here](https://github.com/Xe/x/tree/master/cmd/h).
|
All of the relevant code for h is [here](https://github.com/Xe/x/tree/master/cmd/h).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "I Miss Heroku's DevEx"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-12
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you've never really experienced it before, it's gonna sound really weird.
|
|
||||||
Basically the main way that Heroku worked is that they would set up a git remote
|
|
||||||
for each "app" it hosted. Each "app" had its source code in a git repo and a
|
|
||||||
"Procfile" that told Heroku what to do with it. So when it came time to deploy
|
|
||||||
that app, you'd just `git push heroku main` and then Heroku would just go off
|
|
||||||
and build that app and run it _somewhere_ in the cloud. You got back a HTTPS URL
|
|
||||||
and then bam you have a website.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The developer experience didn't stop there. Most of how Heroku apps are
|
|
||||||
configured are via environment variables, and there were addons that let you
|
|
||||||
tell Heroku things like "hi yes I would like one (1) postgres please" and the
|
|
||||||
platform would spin up a database somewhere and drop a config variable into the
|
|
||||||
app's config. It was magic. Things just worked and it left you free to go do
|
|
||||||
what made you money.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Heroku's free tier got me the in I needed to make my career really start. If I
|
|
||||||
didn't have something like Heroku in my life I doubt that my career would be the
|
|
||||||
same or even I would be the same person I am today. It's really hard to describe
|
|
||||||
what having access to a platform that lets you turn ideas into production
|
|
||||||
quality code does to your output ability. I even ended up reinventing Heroku a
|
|
||||||
few times in my career (working for Deis and later reinventing most of the core
|
|
||||||
of Heroku as a project between jobs), but nothing really hit that same level of
|
|
||||||
wonder/magic that Heroku did.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I ended up working there and when I did I understood why Heroku had fallen so
|
|
||||||
much. Heroku is owned by Salesforce and Salesforce doesn't really understand
|
|
||||||
what they had acquired with Heroku. Heroku had resisted integration into the
|
|
||||||
larger Salesforce organization and as a result was really really starved for
|
|
||||||
headcount. I had to have a come-to-jesus meeting with the CTO of Heroku where I
|
|
||||||
spelled out my medical needs and how the insurance that the contracting agency
|
|
||||||
they were using was insufficent (showing comparisons between bills for blood
|
|
||||||
draws where paying with the insurance ended up costing me more than not using
|
|
||||||
it). I got hired and then that was just in time for Salesforce to really start
|
|
||||||
pulling Heroku into the fold.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The really great part about working at Heroku was that setting up a new service
|
|
||||||
was so easy that the majority of the productionalization checklist was just
|
|
||||||
enabling hidden feature flags to lock down the app. I'm surprised that didn't
|
|
||||||
get streamlined.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Heroku I joined no longer exists. I joined Heroku but I left Salesforce. I
|
|
||||||
can't blame any of my coworkers from Heroku from fleeing the sinking ship. The
|
|
||||||
ship has been sinking for years but the culture of Heroku really stuck around
|
|
||||||
long enough that it was hard to realize the ship was sinking.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It can really be seen with how long it's taken Heroku to react to [that one
|
|
||||||
horrible security event](https://status.heroku.com/incidents/2413) they've been
|
|
||||||
dealing with. Based on what I remember about the internal architecture (it was a
|
|
||||||
microservices tire fire unlike you have ever seen, it's part of the inspiration
|
|
||||||
that lead me to write [this post](/blog/make-microservices-cluster-2022-01-27))
|
|
||||||
and the notes that have been put on the public facing status page, I'm guessing
|
|
||||||
that most of Heroku is "legacy" code (IE: nobody on the team that made this
|
|
||||||
service works here anymore) at this point. When I was there most of the services
|
|
||||||
on my team were "legacy" code that was production-facing, load-bearing and
|
|
||||||
overall critical to the company succeeding; but it was built to be reliable
|
|
||||||
enough that we could overall ignore it until it was actually falling over. But
|
|
||||||
then because of the ways that things were chorded together it could take a very
|
|
||||||
long time to actually fix issues because the symptoms were all over the place.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Don't get me wrong, I loved working there but it was mostly for the people. That
|
|
||||||
and the ability to say that I helped make Heroku better for the next generation.
|
|
||||||
If you've ever used the metrics tab on Heroku, chances are that you've
|
|
||||||
encountered my code indirectly. If you've ever done Heroku threshold autoscaling
|
|
||||||
or response time alerting, you've dealt with code I helped write. The body of
|
|
||||||
Heroku remains but the soul has long since fled.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
At the few points of my career that I have tried to reinvent Heroku (be it on my
|
|
||||||
own or working for a company doing that), there has mostly been this weird
|
|
||||||
realization that in order to have a thing like Heroku exist it really needs to
|
|
||||||
be hosted by someone else in the cloud. One of the places I worked for was
|
|
||||||
selling self-hosted Heroku on top of CoreOS and fleetd (remember fleetd? that
|
|
||||||
was magical) and while it did have a lot of the same developer experience, it
|
|
||||||
never really had the same magic feeling. I had the same problem with my own
|
|
||||||
implementation. Sure you can get the app hosting part of Heroku fairly easily
|
|
||||||
(and with Docker being as mature as it was at that point yeah it was fairly
|
|
||||||
easy). But when it comes to the real experience of addons and the whole
|
|
||||||
ecosystem there, you really need either to get very lucky or become an industry
|
|
||||||
standard. Realistically though, you aren't going to be either lucky or an
|
|
||||||
industry standard and then you need to also reinvent the next 80% of Heroku from
|
|
||||||
scratch on hardware that you don't control. It's no wonder that ultimately
|
|
||||||
failed (even though one of them was bought out by Microsoft after doing a weird
|
|
||||||
Kubernetes pivot).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There was something really magical about the whole thing that I really miss to
|
|
||||||
this day. Heroku was at least a decade ahead of its time as far as developer
|
|
||||||
experience goes. Things Just Worked in ways that would probably put a lot of us
|
|
||||||
out of jobs if they really took off. I miss the process for putting something on
|
|
||||||
the internet to just be a `git push` and trust that the machine will just take
|
|
||||||
care of it. I wonder if we'll ever really have something like that on top of Nix
|
|
||||||
or NixOS.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you're reading this before the 12th, welcome to an experiment! I've been
|
|
||||||
wondering about how to make some of my posts Patreon exclusive for a week. This
|
|
||||||
post was published for my patrons on the 5th of May. Please don't share this
|
|
||||||
link around on social media until the 12th, but privately sharing it is okay.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ goes into hitting enter on christine.website and this website being loaded.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Beginnings
|
## Beginnings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The user types in `https://xeiaso.net` into the address bar and hits
|
The user types in `https://christine.website` into the address bar and hits
|
||||||
enter on the keyboard. This sends a signal over USB to the computer and the
|
enter on the keyboard. This sends a signal over USB to the computer and the
|
||||||
kernel polls the USB controller for a new message. It's recognized as from the
|
kernel polls the USB controller for a new message. It's recognized as from the
|
||||||
keyboard. The input is then sent to the browser through an input driver talking
|
keyboard. The input is then sent to the browser through an input driver talking
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ the Rust compiler.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[nixos]: https://nixos.org/nixos/
|
[nixos]: https://nixos.org/nixos/
|
||||||
[nix]: https://nixos.org/nix/
|
[nix]: https://nixos.org/nix/
|
||||||
[howistartnix]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/how-i-start-nix-2020-03-08
|
[howistartnix]: https://christine.website/blog/how-i-start-nix-2020-03-08
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## A new project
|
## A new project
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ From time to time, I am outright wrong on my blog. This is one of those times.
|
||||||
In my [last post about Nix][nixpost], I didn't see the light yet. I think I do
|
In my [last post about Nix][nixpost], I didn't see the light yet. I think I do
|
||||||
now, and I'm going to attempt to clarify below.
|
now, and I'm going to attempt to clarify below.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[nixpost]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/thoughts-on-nix-2020-01-28
|
[nixpost]: https://christine.website/blog/thoughts-on-nix-2020-01-28
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Let's talk about a more simple scenario: writing a service in Go. This service
|
Let's talk about a more simple scenario: writing a service in Go. This service
|
||||||
will depend on at least the following:
|
will depend on at least the following:
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ module. Here's how I do it:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can add this to your `imports` in your server's `configuration.nix` using
|
You can add this to your `imports` in your server's `configuration.nix` using
|
||||||
[the layout I described in this
|
[the layout I described in this
|
||||||
post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/morph-setup-2021-04-25). This would go in
|
post](https://christine.website/blog/morph-setup-2021-04-25). This would go in
|
||||||
the host-specific configuration folder.
|
the host-specific configuration folder.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once you've deployed this to a server, try to open the page in your browser:
|
Once you've deployed this to a server, try to open the page in your browser:
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -308,19 +308,19 @@ And then you can register it in your `network.nix` like this:
|
||||||
This should help you get your servers wrangled into a somewhat consistent state.
|
This should help you get your servers wrangled into a somewhat consistent state.
|
||||||
From here the following articles may be useful to give you ideas:
|
From here the following articles may be useful to give you ideas:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Borg Backup Config](https://xeiaso.net/blog/borg-backup-2021-01-09)
|
- [Borg Backup Config](https://christine.website/blog/borg-backup-2021-01-09)
|
||||||
- [Nixops Services On Your Home
|
- [Nixops Services On Your Home
|
||||||
Network](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nixops-services-2020-11-09) (just be
|
Network](https://christine.website/blog/nixops-services-2020-11-09) (just be
|
||||||
sure to ignore the part where it mentions `deployment.keys`, you can replace
|
sure to ignore the part where it mentions `deployment.keys`, you can replace
|
||||||
it with the semantically identical
|
it with the semantically identical
|
||||||
[`deployment.secrets`](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph/blob/master/examples/secrets.nix)
|
[`deployment.secrets`](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph/blob/master/examples/secrets.nix)
|
||||||
as described in the morph documentation)
|
as described in the morph documentation)
|
||||||
- [Prometheus and
|
- [Prometheus and
|
||||||
Aegis](https://xeiaso.net/blog/aegis-prometheus-2021-04-05)
|
Aegis](https://christine.website/blog/aegis-prometheus-2021-04-05)
|
||||||
- [My Automagic NixOS Wireguard
|
- [My Automagic NixOS Wireguard
|
||||||
Setup](https://xeiaso.net/blog/my-wireguard-setup-2021-02-06)
|
Setup](https://christine.website/blog/my-wireguard-setup-2021-02-06)
|
||||||
- [Encrypted Secrets with
|
- [Encrypted Secrets with
|
||||||
NixOS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nixos-encrypted-secrets-2021-01-20)
|
NixOS](https://christine.website/blog/nixos-encrypted-secrets-2021-01-20)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also feel free to dig around [the `common` folder of my `nixos-configs`
|
Also feel free to dig around [the `common` folder of my `nixos-configs`
|
||||||
repo](https://github.com/Xe/nixos-configs/tree/master/common). There's a bunch
|
repo](https://github.com/Xe/nixos-configs/tree/master/common). There's a bunch
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -3,12 +3,6 @@ title: My Career So Far in Dates/Titles/Salaries
|
||||||
date: 2019-03-14
|
date: 2019-03-14
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<div class="warning"><xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">This post is
|
|
||||||
outdated, see <a href="/salary-transparency">here</a> for more context on why
|
|
||||||
this data is made public. The table on this page will be automatically updated
|
|
||||||
to contain the data on my salary transparency page, but you should prefer that
|
|
||||||
page over this one when possible.</xeblog-conv></div>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Let this be inspiration to whoever is afraid of trying, failing and being fired.
|
Let this be inspiration to whoever is afraid of trying, failing and being fired.
|
||||||
Every single one of these jobs has taught me lessons I've used daily in my
|
Every single one of these jobs has taught me lessons I've used daily in my
|
||||||
career.
|
career.
|
||||||
|
|
@ -32,7 +26,20 @@ might not want.
|
||||||
The following table is a history of my software career by title, date and salary
|
The following table is a history of my software career by title, date and salary
|
||||||
(company names are omitted).
|
(company names are omitted).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-salary-history></xeblog-salary-history>
|
| Title | Start Date | End Date | Days Worked | Days Between Jobs | Salary | How I Left |
|
||||||
|
|:----- |:---------- |:-------- |:----------- |:----------------- |:------ |:---------- |
|
||||||
|
| Junior Systems Administrator | November 11, 2013 | January 06, 2014 | 56 days | n/a | $50,000/year | Terminated |
|
||||||
|
| Software Engineering Intern | July 14, 2014 | August 27, 2014 | 44 days | 189 days | $35,000/year | Terminated |
|
||||||
|
| Consultant | September 17, 2014 | October 15, 2014 | 28 days | 21 days | $90/hour | Contract Lapsed |
|
||||||
|
| Consultant | October 27, 2014 | Feburary 9, 2015 | 105 days | 12 days | $90/hour | Contract Lapsed |
|
||||||
|
| Site Reliability Engineer | March 30, 2015 | March 7, 2016 | 343 days | 49 days | $125,000/year | Demoted |
|
||||||
|
| Systems Administrator | March 8, 2016 | April 1, 2016 | 24 days | 1 day | $105,000/year | Bad terms |
|
||||||
|
| Member of Technical Staff | April 4, 2016 | August 3, 2016 | 121 days | 3 days | $135,000/year | Bad terms |
|
||||||
|
| Software Engineer | August 24, 2016 | November 22, 2016 | 90 days | 21 days | $105,000/year | Terminated |
|
||||||
|
| Consultant | Feburary 13, 2017 | November 13, 2017 | 273 days | 83 days | don't remember | Hired |
|
||||||
|
| Senior Software Engineer | November 13, 2017 | March 8, 2019 | 480 days | 0 days | $150,000/year | Voulntary quit |
|
||||||
|
| Senior Site Reliability Expert | May 6, 2019 | October 27, 2020 | 540 days | 48 days | CAD$115,000/year (about USD$ 80k and change) | Voluntary quit |
|
||||||
|
| Software Designer | December 14, 2020 | *current* | n/a | n/a | CAD$135,000/year (about USD$ 105k and change) | n/a |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Even though I've been fired three times, I don't regret my career as it's been
|
Even though I've been fired three times, I don't regret my career as it's been
|
||||||
thus far. I've been able to work on experimental technology integrating into
|
thus far. I've been able to work on experimental technology integrating into
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ One thing that I do a lot is run virtual machines. Some of these stick around, a
|
||||||
lot of them are very ephemeral. I also like being able to get into these VMs
|
lot of them are very ephemeral. I also like being able to get into these VMs
|
||||||
quickly if I want to mess around with a given distribution or OS. Normally I'd
|
quickly if I want to mess around with a given distribution or OS. Normally I'd
|
||||||
run these on [my gaming
|
run these on [my gaming
|
||||||
tower](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nixos-desktop-flow-2020-04-25), however
|
tower](https://christine.website/blog/nixos-desktop-flow-2020-04-25), however
|
||||||
this makes my tower very load-bearing. I also want to play games sometimes on my
|
this makes my tower very load-bearing. I also want to play games sometimes on my
|
||||||
tower, and even though there have been many strides in getting games to run well
|
tower, and even though there have been many strides in getting games to run well
|
||||||
on Linux it's still not as good as I'd like it to be.
|
on Linux it's still not as good as I'd like it to be.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ la budza pu cusku lu
|
||||||
> May you be at peace. May you be happy.
|
> May you be at peace. May you be happy.
|
||||||
- Buddha
|
- Buddha
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I will be reachable on the internet. See https://xeiaso.net/contact to
|
I will be reachable on the internet. See https://christine.website/contact to
|
||||||
see contact information that will help you reach out to me. If you can, please
|
see contact information that will help you reach out to me. If you can, please
|
||||||
direct replies to me@christine.website, that way I can read them after this
|
direct replies to me@christine.website, that way I can read them after this
|
||||||
account gets disabled.
|
account gets disabled.
|
||||||
|
|
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ From my world to yours,
|
||||||
--
|
--
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Christine Dodrill
|
Christine Dodrill
|
||||||
https://xeiaso.net
|
https://christine.website
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
la budza pu cusku lu
|
la budza pu cusku lu
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: New Site
|
||||||
date: 2016-12-18
|
date: 2016-12-18
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This post is now being brought to you by the new and improved [https://xeiaso.net](https://xeiaso.net).
|
This post is now being brought to you by the new and improved [https://christine.website](https://christine.website).
|
||||||
This content is [markdown](/api/blog/post?name=new-site-2016-12-18) rendered by
|
This content is [markdown](/api/blog/post?name=new-site-2016-12-18) rendered by
|
||||||
[Purescript](http://www.purescript.org/). The old [site](https://github.com/Xe/christine.website)
|
[Purescript](http://www.purescript.org/). The old [site](https://github.com/Xe/christine.website)
|
||||||
is now being retired in favor of [this one](https://github.com/Xe/site). The old
|
is now being retired in favor of [this one](https://github.com/Xe/site). The old
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -75,9 +75,6 @@ nix = {
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then rebuild your system and you can continue along with the article.
|
Then rebuild your system and you can continue along with the article.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">EDIT: You can use WSL for this. See
|
|
||||||
[here](/blog/nix-flakes-4-wsl-2022-05-01) for more information.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you are not on NixOS, you will need to either edit `~/.config/nix/nix.conf`
|
If you are not on NixOS, you will need to either edit `~/.config/nix/nix.conf`
|
||||||
or `/etc/nix/nix.conf` and add the following line to it:
|
or `/etc/nix/nix.conf` and add the following line to it:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -207,12 +204,12 @@ Let's take a closer look at the higher level things in the flake:
|
||||||
your `flake.nix`. Ditto with "flake input" referring to the `inputs` attribute
|
your `flake.nix`. Ditto with "flake input" referring to the `inputs` attribute
|
||||||
of your `flake.nix`.](conversation://Cadey/enby)
|
of your `flake.nix`.](conversation://Cadey/enby)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When you ran `nix build` earlier, it defaulted to building the `default` entry
|
When you ran `nix build` earlier, it defaulted to building the package in
|
||||||
in `packages`. You can also build the `default` package by running this
|
`defaultPackage`. You can also build the `go-hello` package by running this
|
||||||
command:
|
command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
```console
|
||||||
$ nix build .#default
|
$ nix build .#go-hello
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And if you want to build the copy I made for this post:
|
And if you want to build the copy I made for this post:
|
||||||
|
|
@ -234,13 +231,11 @@ simplify that above `nix build` and `./result/bin/go-hello` cycle into a single
|
||||||
`go-hello` to be the default app:
|
`go-hello` to be the default app:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
```nix
|
||||||
# below packages
|
# below defaultPackage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apps = forAllSystems (system: {
|
defaultApp = forAllSystems (system: {
|
||||||
default = {
|
type = "app";
|
||||||
type = "app";
|
program = "${self.packages.${system}.go-hello}/bin/go-hello";
|
||||||
program = "${self.packages.${system}.default}/bin/go-hello";
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
});
|
});
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -275,18 +270,16 @@ project is using the same tools.
|
||||||
project folder I do not have any development tools
|
project folder I do not have any development tools
|
||||||
available.](conversation://Cadey/enby)
|
available.](conversation://Cadey/enby)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Flakes has the ability to specify this using the `devShells` flake output. You
|
Flakes has the ability to specify this using the `devShell` flake output. You
|
||||||
can add it to your `flake.nix` using this:
|
can add it to your `flake.nix` using this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
```nix
|
||||||
# after apps
|
# after defaultApp
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
devShells = forAllSystems (system:
|
devShell = forAllSystems (system:
|
||||||
let pkgs = nixpkgsFor.${system};
|
let pkgs = nixpkgsFor.${system};
|
||||||
in {
|
in pkgs.mkShell {
|
||||||
default = pkgs.mkShell {
|
buildInputs = with pkgs; [ go gopls goimports go-tools ];
|
||||||
buildInputs = with pkgs; [ go gopls gotools go-tools ];
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
});
|
});
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -422,7 +415,7 @@ world. To use a private repo, your flake input URL should look something like
|
||||||
this:
|
this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
git+ssh://git@github.com/user/repo?ref=main
|
git+ssh://git@github.com:user/repo
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[I'm pretty sure you could use private git repos outside of flakes, however it
|
[I'm pretty sure you could use private git repos outside of flakes, however it
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Everything else we'll cover today will build on top of this.
|
||||||
Let's look back at the Go [example
|
Let's look back at the Go [example
|
||||||
package](https://github.com/Xe/gohello/blob/caf54cdff7d8dd9bd9df4b3b783a72fe75c9a11e/flake.nix#L31-L54)
|
package](https://github.com/Xe/gohello/blob/caf54cdff7d8dd9bd9df4b3b783a72fe75c9a11e/flake.nix#L31-L54)
|
||||||
I walked us through in [the last
|
I walked us through in [the last
|
||||||
post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nix-flakes-1-2022-02-21):
|
post](https://christine.website/blog/nix-flakes-1-2022-02-21):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
```nix
|
||||||
# ...
|
# ...
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Nix Flakes on WSL"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-01
|
|
||||||
series: nix-flakes
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- nixos
|
|
||||||
- wsl
|
|
||||||
vod:
|
|
||||||
youtube: https://youtu.be/VzQ_NwFJObc
|
|
||||||
twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1464781566
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
About five years ago, Microsoft released the Windows Subsystem for Linux
|
|
||||||
([WSL](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/)). This allows you to run
|
|
||||||
Linux programs on a Windows machine. When they released WSL version 2 in 2019,
|
|
||||||
this added support for things like Docker and systemd. As a result, this is
|
|
||||||
enough to run NixOS on Windows.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This will give you an environment to run
|
|
||||||
Nix and Nix Flakes commands with. You can use this to follow along with this
|
|
||||||
series without having to install NixOS on a VM or cloud server. This is going to
|
|
||||||
retread a bunch of ground from the first article. If you have been following
|
|
||||||
along through this entire series, once you get to the point where you convert
|
|
||||||
the install to flakes there isn't much more new material here.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installation
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Head to the NixOS-WSL [releases
|
|
||||||
page](https://github.com/nix-community/NixOS-WSL/releases/) and download the
|
|
||||||
`nixos-wsl-installer-fixed.tar.gz` file to your Downloads folder.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then open Powershell and make a folder called `WSL`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
New-Item -Path .\WSL -ItemType Directory
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">It's worth noting that Powershell does
|
|
||||||
have a bunch of aliases for common coreutils commands to the appropriate
|
|
||||||
Powershell CMDlets. However these aliases are <b>NOT</b> flag-compatible and use
|
|
||||||
the Powershell semantics instead of the semantics of the command it is aliasing.
|
|
||||||
This will bite you when you use commands like <code>wget</code> out of instinct
|
|
||||||
to download things. In order to avoid your muscle memory betraying you, the
|
|
||||||
Powershell CMDlets are shown here in their full overly verbose glory.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then enter the directory with `Set-Location`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
Set-Location -Path .\WSL
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This directory is where the NixOS root
|
|
||||||
filesystem will live. If you want to put this somewhere else, feel free to.
|
|
||||||
Somewhere in `%APPDATA%` will work, just as long as it's on an NTFS volume
|
|
||||||
somewhere.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Make a folder for the NixOS filesystem:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
New-Item -Path .\NixOS -ItemType Directory
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then install the NixOS root image with the `wsl` command:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
wsl --import NixOS .\NixOS\ ..\Downloads\nixos-wsl-installer-fixed.tar.gz --version 2
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And start NixOS once to have it install itself:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
wsl -d NixOS
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once that finishes, press control-D (or use the `exit` command) to exit out of
|
|
||||||
NixOS and restart the WSL virtual machine:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```powershell
|
|
||||||
exit
|
|
||||||
wsl --shutdown
|
|
||||||
wsl -d NixOS
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then you have yourself a working NixOS environment! It's very barebones, but
|
|
||||||
we can use it to test the `nix run` command against our gohello command:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ nix run github:Xe/gohello
|
|
||||||
Hello reader!
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Local Services
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can also use this NixOS environment to run a local nginx server. Open
|
|
||||||
`/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
{ lib, pkgs, config, modulesPath, ... }:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
with lib;
|
|
||||||
let
|
|
||||||
nixos-wsl = import ./nixos-wsl;
|
|
||||||
in
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
imports = [
|
|
||||||
"${modulesPath}/profiles/minimal.nix"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
nixos-wsl.nixosModules.wsl
|
|
||||||
];
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
wsl = {
|
|
||||||
enable = true;
|
|
||||||
automountPath = "/mnt";
|
|
||||||
defaultUser = "nixos";
|
|
||||||
startMenuLaunchers = true;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Enable integration with Docker Desktop (needs to be installed)
|
|
||||||
# docker.enable = true;
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Enable nix flakes
|
|
||||||
nix.package = pkgs.nixFlakes;
|
|
||||||
nix.extraOptions = ''
|
|
||||||
experimental-features = nix-command flakes
|
|
||||||
'';
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Right after the `wsl` block, add this nginx configuration to the file:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
services.nginx.enable = true;
|
|
||||||
services.nginx.virtualHosts."test.local.cetacean.club" = {
|
|
||||||
root = "/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club";
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This will create an nginx configuration that points the domain
|
|
||||||
`test.local.cetacean.club` to the contents of the folder `/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">The <code>/srv</code> folder is set aside
|
|
||||||
for site-specific data, which is code for "do whatever you want with this
|
|
||||||
folder". In many cases people make a separate <code>/srv/http</code> folder and
|
|
||||||
put each static subdomain in its own folder under that, however I am also told
|
|
||||||
that it is idiomatic to put stuff in <code>/var/www</code>. Pick your poison.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then you can test the web server with the `curl` command:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ curl http://test.local.cetacean.club
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
|
|
||||||
<hr><center>nginx</center>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is good! Nginx is running and since we haven't created the folder with our
|
|
||||||
website content yet, this 404 means that it can't find it! Let's create the
|
|
||||||
folder so that nginx has permission to it and we can modify things in it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
sudo mkdir -p /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club
|
|
||||||
sudo chown nixos:nginx /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally we can make an amazing website. Open
|
|
||||||
`/srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club/index.html` in nano:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
nano /srv/http/test.local.cetacean.club/index.html
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And paste in this HTML:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```html
|
|
||||||
<title>amazing website xD</title>
|
|
||||||
<h1>look at my AMAZING WEBSITE</h1>
|
|
||||||
It's so cool *twerks*
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This doesn't have to just be artisanal
|
|
||||||
handcrafted HTML in bespoke folders either. You can set the <code>root</code> of
|
|
||||||
a nginx virtual host to point to a Nix package as well. This will allow you to
|
|
||||||
automatically generate your website somehow and deploy it with the rest of the
|
|
||||||
system. Including being able to roll back changes.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then you can see it show up with `curl`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ curl http://test.local.cetacean.club
|
|
||||||
<title>amazing website xD</title>
|
|
||||||
<h1>look at my AMAZING WEBSITE</h1>
|
|
||||||
It's so cool *twerks*
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can also check this out in a browser by clicking
|
|
||||||
[here](http://test.local.cetacean.club):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installing `gohello`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To install the `gohello` service, first we will need to convert this machine to
|
|
||||||
use NixOS flakes. We can do that really quick and easy by adding this file to
|
|
||||||
`/etc/nixos/flake.nix`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">Do this as root!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
inputs = {
|
|
||||||
nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }: {
|
|
||||||
nixosConfigurations.nixos = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
|
|
||||||
system = "x86_64-linux";
|
|
||||||
modules = [
|
|
||||||
./configuration.nix
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# add things here
|
|
||||||
];
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then run `nix flake check` to make sure everything is okay:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
sudo nix flake check /etc/nixos
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And finally activate the new configuration with flakes:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">Why don't you have the <code>--flake</code>
|
|
||||||
flag here? Based on what I read in the documentation, I thought you had to have
|
|
||||||
it there.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby"><code>nixos-rebuild</code> will
|
|
||||||
auomatically detect flakes in <code>/etc/nixos</code>. The only major thing it
|
|
||||||
cares about is the hostname matching. If you want to customize the hostname of
|
|
||||||
the WSL VM, change the <code>nixos</code> in
|
|
||||||
<code>nixosConfigurations.nixos</code> above and set
|
|
||||||
<code>networking.hostName</code> to the value you want to use. To use flakes
|
|
||||||
explicitly, pass <code>--flake /etc/nixos#hostname</code> to your
|
|
||||||
<code>nixos-rebuild</code> call.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After it thinks for a bit, you should notice that nothing happened. This is
|
|
||||||
good, we have just converted the system over to using Nix flakes instead of the
|
|
||||||
classic `nix-channel` rebuild method.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To get `gohello` in the system, first we need to add `git` to the commands
|
|
||||||
available on the system in `configuration.nix`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git ];
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then we can add `gohello` to our system flake:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
inputs = {
|
|
||||||
nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
|
|
||||||
# XXX(Xe): this URL may change for you, such as github:Xe/gohello-http
|
|
||||||
gohello.url = "git+https://tulpa.dev/cadey/gohello-http?ref=main";
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, gohello, ... }: {
|
|
||||||
nixosConfigurations.nixos = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
|
|
||||||
system = "x86_64-linux";
|
|
||||||
modules = [
|
|
||||||
./configuration.nix
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# add things here
|
|
||||||
gohello.nixosModule
|
|
||||||
({ pkgs, ... }: {
|
|
||||||
xeserv.services.gohello.enable = true;
|
|
||||||
})
|
|
||||||
];
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
};
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">The block of code under
|
|
||||||
<code>gohello.nixosModule</code> is an inline NixOS module. If we put
|
|
||||||
<code>gohello.nixosModule</code> before the <code>./configuration.nix</code>
|
|
||||||
reference, we could put the <code>xeserv.services.gohello.enable = true;</code>
|
|
||||||
line inside <code>./configuration.nix</code>. This is an exercise for the
|
|
||||||
reader.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And rebuild the system with `gohello` enabled:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, poke it with `curl`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ curl http://gohello.local.cetacean.club
|
|
||||||
hello world :)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To update it, update the flake inputs in `/etc/nixos` and run `nixos-rebuild`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
sudo nix flake update /etc/nixos
|
|
||||||
sudo nixos-rebuild switch
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And from here you can do whatever you want with NixOS. You can use
|
|
||||||
[containers](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#ch-containers), set up
|
|
||||||
arbitrary services, or plan for world domination as normal.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">I thought it was "to save the world from
|
|
||||||
devastation", not "to plan for world domination". Who needs a monopoly on
|
|
||||||
violence for world domination when you have Nix expressions?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Siiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigh.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I will use this setup in future posts to make this more accessible and easy to
|
|
||||||
hack at without having to have a dedicated NixOS machine laying around.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -140,5 +140,5 @@ for more information.
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also happy December! My site has the [snow
|
Also happy December! My site has the [snow
|
||||||
CSS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/let-it-snow-2018-12-17) loaded for the
|
CSS](https://christine.website/blog/let-it-snow-2018-12-17) loaded for the
|
||||||
month. Enjoy!
|
month. Enjoy!
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ author: ectamorphic
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Recently I got a new VR setup that uses my tower directly instead of the [wifi
|
Recently I got a new VR setup that uses my tower directly instead of the [wifi
|
||||||
streaming
|
streaming
|
||||||
catastrophe](https://xeiaso.net/blog/convoluted-vrchat-gchat-setup-2021-02-24).
|
catastrophe](https://christine.website/blog/convoluted-vrchat-gchat-setup-2021-02-24).
|
||||||
I have a [Valve Index](https://store.steampowered.com/valveindex) and an [AMD
|
I have a [Valve Index](https://store.steampowered.com/valveindex) and an [AMD
|
||||||
RX6700XT](https://www.amd.com/en/products/graphics/amd-radeon-rx-6700-xt) GPU.
|
RX6700XT](https://www.amd.com/en/products/graphics/amd-radeon-rx-6700-xt) GPU.
|
||||||
Some huge advantages of this setup include:
|
Some huge advantages of this setup include:
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ date: 2019-01-17
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I found an old backup that contained a few articles from my old [Medium](https://medium.com/@theprincessxena) blog. I have converted them to markdown and added them to the blog archives:
|
I found an old backup that contained a few articles from my old [Medium](https://medium.com/@theprincessxena) blog. I have converted them to markdown and added them to the blog archives:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 2014-11-28 - [Web Application Development with Beego](https://xeiaso.net/blog/beego-2014-11-28)
|
- 2014-11-28 - [Web Application Development with Beego](https://christine.website/blog/beego-2014-11-28)
|
||||||
- 2014-11-20 - [Dependency Hell](https://xeiaso.net/blog/dependency-hell-2014-11-20)
|
- 2014-11-20 - [Dependency Hell](https://christine.website/blog/dependency-hell-2014-11-20)
|
||||||
- 2014-11-18 - [My Experience with Atom as A Vim User](https://xeiaso.net/blog/atom-as-vim-2014-11-18)
|
- 2014-11-18 - [My Experience with Atom as A Vim User](https://christine.website/blog/atom-as-vim-2014-11-18)
|
||||||
- 2014-10-24 - [Instant Development Environments in Docker](https://xeiaso.net/blog/dev-2014-10-24)
|
- 2014-10-24 - [Instant Development Environments in Docker](https://christine.website/blog/dev-2014-10-24)
|
||||||
- 2014-10-20 - [MPD Via Docker](https://xeiaso.net/blog/mpd-docker-2014-10-20)
|
- 2014-10-20 - [MPD Via Docker](https://christine.website/blog/mpd-docker-2014-10-20)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I hope these are at all useful.
|
I hope these are at all useful.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ date: 2018-09-05
|
||||||
series: olin
|
series: olin
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This post is a continuation of [this post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018).
|
This post is a continuation of [this post](https://christine.website/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Suppose you are given the chance to throw out the world and start from scratch
|
Suppose you are given the chance to throw out the world and start from scratch
|
||||||
in a minimal environment. You can then work up from nothing and build the world
|
in a minimal environment. You can then work up from nothing and build the world
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
Over the last week or so I've been doing a _lot_ of improvements to [Olin][olin] in order to make it ready to be the kernel for the minimum viable product of [wasmcloud][wasmcloud-hello-world]. Here's an overview of the big things that have happened from version [0.1.1][olin-0.1.1] to version [0.4.0][olin-0.4.0].
|
Over the last week or so I've been doing a _lot_ of improvements to [Olin][olin] in order to make it ready to be the kernel for the minimum viable product of [wasmcloud][wasmcloud-hello-world]. Here's an overview of the big things that have happened from version [0.1.1][olin-0.1.1] to version [0.4.0][olin-0.4.0].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[olin]: https://github.com/Xe/olin
|
[olin]: https://github.com/Xe/olin
|
||||||
[wasmcloud-hello-world]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/wasmcloud-progress-2019-12-08
|
[wasmcloud-hello-world]: https://christine.website/blog/wasmcloud-progress-2019-12-08
|
||||||
[olin-0.1.1]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/releases/tag/v0.1.1
|
[olin-0.1.1]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/releases/tag/v0.1.1
|
||||||
[olin-0.4.0]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/releases/tag/v0.4.0
|
[olin-0.4.0]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/releases/tag/v0.4.0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ As Olin is just a kernel, it needs some work in order to really shine as a true
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here is what has been done since the [last Olin post][last-olin-post]:
|
Here is what has been done since the [last Olin post][last-olin-post]:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[last-olin-post]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018
|
[last-olin-post]: https://christine.website/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An official, automated build of the example Olin components has been published to the Docker Hub
|
* An official, automated build of the example Olin components has been published to the Docker Hub
|
||||||
* The Go ABI has been deprecated for the moment
|
* The Go ABI has been deprecated for the moment
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ In my [last post][pahihelloworld] I mentioned that pa'i was faster than Olin's
|
||||||
cwa binary written in go without giving any benchmarks. I've been working on new
|
cwa binary written in go without giving any benchmarks. I've been working on new
|
||||||
ways to gather and visualize these benchmarks, and here they are.
|
ways to gather and visualize these benchmarks, and here they are.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[pahihelloworld]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/pahi-hello-world-2020-02-22
|
[pahihelloworld]: https://christine.website/blog/pahi-hello-world-2020-02-22
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Benchmarking WebAssembly implementations is slightly hard. A lot of existing
|
Benchmarking WebAssembly implementations is slightly hard. A lot of existing
|
||||||
benchmark tools simply do not run in WebAssembly as is, not to mention inside
|
benchmark tools simply do not run in WebAssembly as is, not to mention inside
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ production-facing servers should probably only be able to be connected to over a
|
||||||
VPN of some kind.
|
VPN of some kind.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to see more about how to set up WireGuard on NixOS, see
|
If you want to see more about how to set up WireGuard on NixOS, see
|
||||||
[here](https://xeiaso.net/blog/my-wireguard-setup-2021-02-06) for more
|
[here](https://christine.website/blog/my-wireguard-setup-2021-02-06) for more
|
||||||
information.
|
information.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Locking Down the Hatches
|
## Locking Down the Hatches
|
||||||
|
|
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ I am going to use the word "service" annoyingly vague here. In this world, a
|
||||||
"service" is a human-oriented view of "computer does the thing I want it to do".
|
"service" is a human-oriented view of "computer does the thing I want it to do".
|
||||||
This website you're reading this post on could be one service, and it should
|
This website you're reading this post on could be one service, and it should
|
||||||
have a separate account from other services. See
|
have a separate account from other services. See
|
||||||
[here](https://xeiaso.net/blog/nixops-services-2020-11-09) for more
|
[here](https://christine.website/blog/nixops-services-2020-11-09) for more
|
||||||
information on how to set this up.
|
information on how to set this up.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Lock Down Services Within Systemd
|
### Lock Down Services Within Systemd
|
||||||
|
|
@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ where I show you how to automatically create an ISO that does all this for you.
|
||||||
### Repeatable Base Image with an ISO
|
### Repeatable Base Image with an ISO
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Using the setup I mentioned [in a past
|
Using the setup I mentioned [in a past
|
||||||
post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/my-homelab-2021-06-08), you can create an
|
post](https://christine.website/blog/my-homelab-2021-06-08), you can create an
|
||||||
automatic install ISO that will take a blank disk to a state where you can SSH
|
automatic install ISO that will take a blank disk to a state where you can SSH
|
||||||
into it and configure it further using a tool like
|
into it and configure it further using a tool like
|
||||||
[morph](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph). Take a look at [this
|
[morph](https://github.com/DBCDK/morph). Take a look at [this
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
- r13y
|
- r13y
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In [the last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/paranoid-nixos-2021-07-18) we
|
In [the last post](https://christine.website/blog/paranoid-nixos-2021-07-18) we
|
||||||
covered a lot of the base groundwork involved in making a paranoid NixOS setup.
|
covered a lot of the base groundwork involved in making a paranoid NixOS setup.
|
||||||
Today we're gonna throw this into prod by making a base NixOS image with it.
|
Today we're gonna throw this into prod by making a base NixOS image with it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ closest friends that I can talk about anything with, even what would normally
|
||||||
violate an NDA. My closest friends are so close that language isn't even as much
|
violate an NDA. My closest friends are so close that language isn't even as much
|
||||||
of a barrier as it would be otherwise.
|
of a barrier as it would be otherwise.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As I've mentioned in the past, [I have tulpas](https://xeiaso.net/blog/what-its-like-to-be-me-2018-06-14).
|
As I've mentioned in the past, [I have tulpas](https://christine.website/blog/what-its-like-to-be-me-2018-06-14).
|
||||||
They are people that live with me like roommates inside my body. It really does
|
They are people that live with me like roommates inside my body. It really does
|
||||||
sound strange or psychotic; but you'll just have to trust me when I say they
|
sound strange or psychotic; but you'll just have to trust me when I say they
|
||||||
fundamentally help me live my life, do my job and do other things people
|
fundamentally help me live my life, do my job and do other things people
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ My work laptop uses KDE, so I tried out
|
||||||
really liked this. I think one of the major differences between how I've been
|
really liked this. I think one of the major differences between how I've been
|
||||||
failing at pomodoro in the past and why it's been working now is that I've
|
failing at pomodoro in the past and why it's been working now is that I've
|
||||||
worked it into my [daily note-taking/TODO
|
worked it into my [daily note-taking/TODO
|
||||||
workflow](https://xeiaso.net/blog/gtd-on-paper-2021-06-13). I label each
|
workflow](https://christine.website/blog/gtd-on-paper-2021-06-13). I label each
|
||||||
pomodoro (my notes call them "Pom" because that isn't something I write often in
|
pomodoro (my notes call them "Pom" because that isn't something I write often in
|
||||||
them) as a section in my notes and then include a few TODO items under it. I'll
|
them) as a section in my notes and then include a few TODO items under it. I'll
|
||||||
also add some notes to the pom in case I need them later.
|
also add some notes to the pom in case I need them later.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ Here is an example web app manifest [from my portfolio site](https://github.com/
|
||||||
"background_color": "#fa99ca",
|
"background_color": "#fa99ca",
|
||||||
"display": "standalone",
|
"display": "standalone",
|
||||||
"scope": "/",
|
"scope": "/",
|
||||||
"start_url": "https://xeiaso.net/",
|
"start_url": "https://christine.website/",
|
||||||
"description": "Blog and Resume for Christine Dodrill",
|
"description": "Blog and Resume for Christine Dodrill",
|
||||||
"orientation": "any",
|
"orientation": "any",
|
||||||
"icons": [
|
"icons": [
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
"src": "https://xeiaso.net/static/img/avatar.png",
|
"src": "https://christine.website/static/img/avatar.png",
|
||||||
"sizes": "1024x1024"
|
"sizes": "1024x1024"
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
]
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ If you just want to create a manifest quickly, check out [this](https://app-mani
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Add Manifest to Your Base HTML Template
|
## Add Manifest to Your Base HTML Template
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I suggest adding the HTML link for the manifest to the most base HTML template you can, or in the case of a purely client side web app its main `index.html` file, as it needs to be as visible by the client trying to install the app. Adding this is [simple](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Apps/Progressive/Installable_PWAs), assuming you are hosting this manifest on [/static/manifest.json](https://xeiaso.net/static/manifest.json) – simply add it to the <head> section:
|
I suggest adding the HTML link for the manifest to the most base HTML template you can, or in the case of a purely client side web app its main `index.html` file, as it needs to be as visible by the client trying to install the app. Adding this is [simple](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Apps/Progressive/Installable_PWAs), assuming you are hosting this manifest on [/static/manifest.json](https://christine.website/static/manifest.json) – simply add it to the <head> section:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```html
|
```html
|
||||||
<link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json">
|
<link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json">
|
||||||
|
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ At a high level, consider what assets and pages you want users of your website t
|
||||||
* Contact information for the person, company or service running the progressive web app
|
* Contact information for the person, company or service running the progressive web app
|
||||||
* Any other pages or information you might find useful for users of your website
|
* Any other pages or information you might find useful for users of your website
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For example, I have the following precached for [my portfolio site](https://xeiaso.net):
|
For example, I have the following precached for [my portfolio site](https://christine.website):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* My homepage (implicitly includes all of the CSS on the site) `/`
|
* My homepage (implicitly includes all of the CSS on the site) `/`
|
||||||
* My blog index `/blog/`
|
* My blog index `/blog/`
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ language help people understand where the boundaries between syllables are. I
|
||||||
will then describe my plans for the L'ewa orthography and how L'ewa is
|
will then describe my plans for the L'ewa orthography and how L'ewa is
|
||||||
romanized. This is a response to the prompt made [here][rclm2prompt].
|
romanized. This is a response to the prompt made [here][rclm2prompt].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[rclm1]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/reconlangmo-1-name-ctx-history-2020-05-05
|
[rclm1]: https://christine.website/blog/reconlangmo-1-name-ctx-history-2020-05-05
|
||||||
[rclm2prompt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gfp3hw/reconlangmo_2_phonology_writing/
|
[rclm2prompt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gfp3hw/reconlangmo_2_phonology_writing/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Phonology
|
## Phonology
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ making the vocabulary for L'ewa and I'll include an entire table of the
|
||||||
dictionary words. This answers [this
|
dictionary words. This answers [this
|
||||||
prompt](https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gojncp/reconlangmo_6_lexicon/).
|
prompt](https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gojncp/reconlangmo_6_lexicon/).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[reconlangmo]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/series/reconlangmo
|
[reconlangmo]: https://christine.website/blog/series/reconlangmo
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Word Distinctions
|
## Word Distinctions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ post will start to cover a lot of the softer skills behind L'ewa as well as
|
||||||
cover some other changes I'm making under the hood. This is a response to [this
|
cover some other changes I'm making under the hood. This is a response to [this
|
||||||
prompt][rclm7].
|
prompt][rclm7].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[reconlangmo]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/series/reconlangmo
|
[reconlangmo]: https://christine.website/blog/series/reconlangmo
|
||||||
[rclm7]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gqo8jn/reconlangmo_7_discourse/
|
[rclm7]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gqo8jn/reconlangmo_7_discourse/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Information Structure
|
## Information Structure
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> I have no record of a "Christine Dodrill" at this email address. You may want
|
> I have no record of a "Christine Dodrill" at this email address. You may want
|
||||||
> to look elsewhere. If you would like to proceed with me instead, here is
|
> to look elsewhere. If you would like to proceed with me instead, here is
|
||||||
> information about me: https://xeiaso.net.
|
> information about me: https://christine.website.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Throw in your pronouns too to be safe.
|
Throw in your pronouns too to be safe.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,474 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "robocadey: Shitposting as a Service"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-04-30
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- gpt2
|
|
||||||
- machinelearning
|
|
||||||
- python
|
|
||||||
- golang
|
|
||||||
- art
|
|
||||||
vod:
|
|
||||||
twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1471211336
|
|
||||||
youtube: https://youtu.be/UAd-mWMG198
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<noscript>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Hey, you need to enable JavaScript for most of the embedded posts in this
|
|
||||||
article to work. Sorry about this, we are working on a better solution, but this
|
|
||||||
is what we have right now.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</noscript>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What is art? Art is when you challenge the assumptions that people make about a
|
|
||||||
medium and use that conflict to help them change what they think about that
|
|
||||||
medium. Let's take "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan for example:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
By my arbitrary definition above, this is art. This takes assumptions that you
|
|
||||||
have about paintings (you know, that they use paint on the canvas) and discards
|
|
||||||
them. This lets you change what you think art is. Art is not about the medium or
|
|
||||||
the things in it. Art is the expression of these things in new and exiting ways.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Originally I was going to use some
|
|
||||||
Banksky art here, but for understandable reasons it's quite difficult to get
|
|
||||||
images of Banksky art.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of my favorite kinds of art is the "uncanny valley" of realism. Let's take
|
|
||||||
Death Stranding as an example of this. Death Stranding is a video game that was
|
|
||||||
released in 2019 for the PlayStation 4 and is one of my favorite games of all
|
|
||||||
time. The game has a very hyper-realistic art style that is firmly in the
|
|
||||||
centre of the uncanny valley:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This game mixes very realistic scenery with a story about dead bodies turning
|
|
||||||
into antimatter and you being a UPS delivery person that saves America. This is
|
|
||||||
art to me. This transformed what a video game could be, even if the entire game
|
|
||||||
boils down to Kojima themed fetch quests. Oh and trying not to die even though
|
|
||||||
you can't die but when you die it's really bad.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I want to create this kind of art, and I think I have found a good medium to do
|
|
||||||
this with. I write a lot on this little independent site called Twitter. This is
|
|
||||||
one of the main things that I write on, and through the process of the last 8
|
|
||||||
years or so, I've written a shockingly large amount of things. I post a lot of
|
|
||||||
weird things there as well as a lot of boring/normal things.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However a lot of my posts boil down to creating a "stream of consciousness", or
|
|
||||||
using it as a way to help deal with intrusive thoughts. There's a certain art to
|
|
||||||
this, as it is a candid exchange between the author and the reader. The reader
|
|
||||||
doesn't get all the context (heck, I doubt that I have all the context lol), but
|
|
||||||
from there they get to put the pieces together.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So, when thinking about trying to get into the uncanny valley with this kind of
|
|
||||||
art medium, my mind goes back to the old days on IRC channels. Many IRC channels
|
|
||||||
run bots to help them run the channel or purely for amusement. One of my
|
|
||||||
favorite kinds of bots is a [Markov
|
|
||||||
chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain) bot. These kinds of bots
|
|
||||||
learn patterns in text and then try to repeat them at random. With enough
|
|
||||||
training data, it can be fairly convincing at first glance. However, you need _a
|
|
||||||
lot_ of training data to get there. More training data than I have ever tweeted.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This ends up creating a situation where the markov bot is right in the uncanny
|
|
||||||
valley of realism. At first glance it is something that isn't not plausibly
|
|
||||||
human. It looks like a bot, but it also looks like a human, but it also looks
|
|
||||||
like a bot. It appears to be in the middle. I like this from an artistic
|
|
||||||
standpoint because this challenges your assumptions that bots need to be
|
|
||||||
obviously bots and humans need to be obviously human.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the past I have ran a service I call `cadeybot`. It took all of my Discord
|
|
||||||
messages, fed them into a Markov chain, and then attempted to create new
|
|
||||||
messages as a result. This worked pretty well, but we ran into an issue where it
|
|
||||||
would basically regurgitate its training data. So when people thought it was
|
|
||||||
being novel about roasting people, someone would search the chat and find out
|
|
||||||
that I said those exact words 2 years ago.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This isn't really exciting from an artistic point of view. You could get the
|
|
||||||
same result from randomly replying with old chat messages without any additional
|
|
||||||
data in the mix.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I haven't run `cadeybot` in some time because of this. It gets really boring
|
|
||||||
really fast.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, I was looking at some DALL-E generated images and then inspiration
|
|
||||||
struck:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">What if I fed all those tweets into
|
|
||||||
[GPT-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPT-2)?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So I did that. I made [@robocadey@botsin.space](https://botsin.space/@robocadey)
|
|
||||||
as a fediverse bot that generates new content based on everything I've ever
|
|
||||||
tweeted.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108219835651549836/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="500"
|
|
||||||
height="245" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Data
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first step of this is getting all of my tweet data out of Twitter. This
|
|
||||||
was a lot easier than I thought. All I had to do was submit a GDPR data request,
|
|
||||||
wait a few days for the cloud to think and then I got a 3 gigabyte zip file full
|
|
||||||
of everything I've ever tweeted. Cool!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Looking through the dump, I found a 45 megabyte file called `tweets.js`. This
|
|
||||||
looked like it could be important! So I grabbed it and looked at the first few
|
|
||||||
lines:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
|
||||||
$ head tweet.js
|
|
||||||
window.YTD.tweet.part0 = [
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"tweet" : {
|
|
||||||
"retweeted" : false,
|
|
||||||
"source" : "<a href=\"http://www.bitlbee.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">BitlBee</a>",
|
|
||||||
"entities" : {
|
|
||||||
"hashtags" : [ ],
|
|
||||||
"symbols" : [ ],
|
|
||||||
"user_mentions" : [
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So it looks like most of this is really just a giant block of data that's
|
|
||||||
stuffed into JavaScript so that the embedded HTML can show off everything you've
|
|
||||||
ever tweeted. Neat, but I only need the tweet contents. We can strip off the
|
|
||||||
preamble with `sed`, and then grab the first entry out of `tweets.js` with a
|
|
||||||
command like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```json
|
|
||||||
$ cat tweet.js | sed 's/window.YTD.tweet.part0 = //' | jq .[0]
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"tweet": {
|
|
||||||
"retweeted": false,
|
|
||||||
"source": "<a href=\"http://www.bitlbee.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">BitlBee</a>",
|
|
||||||
"entities": {
|
|
||||||
"hashtags": [],
|
|
||||||
"symbols": [],
|
|
||||||
"user_mentions": [
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"name": "@Lyude@queer.party🌹",
|
|
||||||
"screen_name": "_Lyude",
|
|
||||||
"indices": [
|
|
||||||
"0",
|
|
||||||
"7"
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
"id_str": "1568160860",
|
|
||||||
"id": "1568160860"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
"urls": []
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
"display_text_range": [
|
|
||||||
"0",
|
|
||||||
"83"
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
"favorite_count": "0",
|
|
||||||
"in_reply_to_status_id_str": "481634023295709185",
|
|
||||||
"id_str": "481634194729488386",
|
|
||||||
"in_reply_to_user_id": "1568160860",
|
|
||||||
"truncated": false,
|
|
||||||
"retweet_count": "0",
|
|
||||||
"id": "481634194729488386",
|
|
||||||
"in_reply_to_status_id": "481634023295709185",
|
|
||||||
"created_at": "Wed Jun 25 03:05:15 +0000 2014",
|
|
||||||
"favorited": false,
|
|
||||||
"full_text": "@_Lyude but how many licks does it take to get to the centre of a tootsie roll pop?",
|
|
||||||
"lang": "en",
|
|
||||||
"in_reply_to_screen_name": "_Lyude",
|
|
||||||
"in_reply_to_user_id_str": "1568160860"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It looks like most of what I want is in `.tweet.full_text`, so let's make a
|
|
||||||
giant text file with everything in it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
|
||||||
sed 's/window.YTD.tweet.part0 = //' < tweets.js \
|
|
||||||
| jq '.[] | [ select(.tweet.retweeted == false) ] | .[].tweet.full_text' \
|
|
||||||
| sed -r 's/\s*\.?@[A-Za-z0-9_]+\s*//g' \
|
|
||||||
| grep -v 'RT:' \
|
|
||||||
| jq --slurp . \
|
|
||||||
| jq -r .[] \
|
|
||||||
| sed -e 's!http[s]\?://\S*!!g' \
|
|
||||||
| sed '/^$/d' \
|
|
||||||
> tweets.txt
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This does a few things:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Removes that twitter preamble so jq is happy
|
|
||||||
2. Removes all at-mentions from the training data (so the bot doesn't go on a
|
|
||||||
mentioning massacre)
|
|
||||||
3. Removes the "retweet" prefixed tweets from the dataset
|
|
||||||
4. Removes all urls
|
|
||||||
5. Removes all blank lines
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This should hopefully cut out all the irrelevant extra crap and let the machine
|
|
||||||
learning focus on my text, which is what I actually care about.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Getting It Up
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As a prototype, I fed this all into Markov chains. This is boring, but I was
|
|
||||||
able to graft together a few projects to get that prototype up quickly. After
|
|
||||||
some testing, I ended up with things like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108201675365283068/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="500"
|
|
||||||
height="225" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This was probably the best thing to come out of the Markov chain testing phase,
|
|
||||||
the rest of it was regurgitating old tweets.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
While I was doing this, I got GPT-2 training thanks to [this iPython
|
|
||||||
notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/sarthakmalik/GPT2.Training.Google.Colaboratory/blob/master/Train_a_GPT_2_Text_Generating_Model_w_GPU.ipynb).
|
|
||||||
I uploaded my 1.5 megabyte tweets.txt file and let the big pile of linear
|
|
||||||
algebra mix around for a bit.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once it was done, I got a one gigabyte tarball that I extracted into a new
|
|
||||||
folder imaginatively named `gpt2`. Now I had the model, all I needed to do was
|
|
||||||
run it. So I wrote some Python:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```python
|
|
||||||
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
import gpt_2_simple as gpt2
|
|
||||||
import json
|
|
||||||
import os
|
|
||||||
import socket
|
|
||||||
import sys
|
|
||||||
from datetime import datetime
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sockpath = "/xe/gpt2/checkpoint/server.sock"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sess = gpt2.start_tf_sess()
|
|
||||||
gpt2.load_gpt2(sess, run_name='run1')
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if os.path.exists(sockpath):
|
|
||||||
os.remove(sockpath)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
|
|
||||||
sock.bind(sockpath)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
print("Listening on", sockpath)
|
|
||||||
sock.listen(1)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
while True:
|
|
||||||
connection, client_address = sock.accept()
|
|
||||||
try:
|
|
||||||
print("generating shitpost")
|
|
||||||
result = gpt2.generate(sess,
|
|
||||||
length=512,
|
|
||||||
temperature=0.8,
|
|
||||||
nsamples=1,
|
|
||||||
batch_size=1,
|
|
||||||
return_as_list=True,
|
|
||||||
top_p=0.9,
|
|
||||||
)[0].split("\n")[1:][:-1]
|
|
||||||
print("shitpost generated")
|
|
||||||
connection.send(json.dumps(result).encode())
|
|
||||||
finally:
|
|
||||||
connection.close()
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
server.close()
|
|
||||||
os.remove("/xe/gpt2/checkpoint/server.sock")
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And I used a Dockerfile to set up its environment:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```Dockerfile
|
|
||||||
FROM python:3
|
|
||||||
RUN pip3 install gpt-2-simple
|
|
||||||
WORKDIR /xe/gpt2
|
|
||||||
COPY . .
|
|
||||||
CMD python3 main.py
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then I bind-mounted the premade model into the container and asked it to think
|
|
||||||
up something for me. I got back a list of replies and then I knew it was good to
|
|
||||||
go:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```json
|
|
||||||
[
|
|
||||||
"oh dear. I don't know if you're the best mannered technologist you've come to expect from such a unique perspective. On the technical side of things, you're a world-class advocate for open source who recently lost an argument over the state of the open source world to bitter enemies like Python.",
|
|
||||||
"I also like your approach to DNS! One step at a time. More info here: ",
|
|
||||||
"tl;dr: it's a bunch of random IP addresses and the outcome is a JSON file that you fill out in as you go.",
|
|
||||||
"datasoftware.reddit.com/r/programmingcirclejerk-memes",
|
|
||||||
"datasoftware.reddit.com/r/programmingcirclejerk-memes",
|
|
||||||
"datasoftware.reddit.com/r/programmingcirclejerk-memes",
|
|
||||||
"datasoftware.reddit.com/r/programmingcirclejerk-memes",
|
|
||||||
"Oh dear, can we third-person?",
|
|
||||||
"A group of us is a CVE-1918 impact statement",
|
|
||||||
"Is that breaking news?",
|
|
||||||
"Lol datasom shitposting omg ",
|
|
||||||
"I'm gonna be on the list for #Giving is easy, don't look so far ahead ",
|
|
||||||
"Oh dear. Welcome to ThePandora: ",
|
|
||||||
"I use a lot of shift lol",
|
|
||||||
"I thought you were an orca",
|
|
||||||
"Foone, my old computer crashed. What happened to your hard drive? ",
|
|
||||||
"Yeah I know some of those things should be automated, but this is about experimentation and experimentation is what makes me happy",
|
|
||||||
"Am I? ",
|
|
||||||
"Experiment is my favorite part of the article",
|
|
||||||
"Yes I can, scroll past the how to read words videos",
|
|
||||||
"I was able to see into space but I cannot seen into your eyes",
|
|
||||||
"This is with a virtual keyboard/MAC address field",
|
|
||||||
"Yes but with the keymap \"~M\"",
|
|
||||||
"Yes this is a structural change, I am trying to tease things out a bit. I am trying to make it slightly different sounding with the key mapping. I am trying to make it different sounding sounding.",
|
|
||||||
"The main thing I am trying to do is make it easy to type backwards. This is going to take experimentation. I am trying to make it slightly different sounding.",
|
|
||||||
"Is this vehicle of mercy?",
|
|
||||||
"God i forgot "
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, this involved using Docker. Docker is decent, but if I have the ability
|
|
||||||
not to, I don't want to use Docker. A friend of mine named `ckie` saw that I was
|
|
||||||
using Docker for this and decided to package the `gpt_2_simple` library [into
|
|
||||||
nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/170713). They also made it easy
|
|
||||||
for me to pull it into robocadey's environment and then I ripped out Docker,
|
|
||||||
never to return.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now the bot could fly. Here was the first thing it posted after it got online
|
|
||||||
with GPT-2 in a proper way:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108209326706890695/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="500"
|
|
||||||
height="175" height=allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I can't make this up.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Art Gallery
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here are some of my favorite posts it's made. Most of them could pass off as my
|
|
||||||
tweets.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108209924883002812/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="190" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108212424672000652/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="190" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108215827551779879/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="210" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108218889999336372/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="210" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108218894030986305/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="800"
|
|
||||||
height="250" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some of them get somber and are unintentionally a reflection on the state of the
|
|
||||||
world we find ourselves in.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108219835651549836/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="280" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108218522810351900/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="280" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108217161432474717/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="345" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108216170547691864/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="280" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Others are silly.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108217116321450713/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="200" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108218107689729996/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="200" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108215257978801615/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="180" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I say things like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://pony.social/@cadey/108218301565484230/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><script
|
|
||||||
src="https://pony.social/embed.js" async="async"></script>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
and it fires back with:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108218304118515023/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="180" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is art. It looks like a robot pretending to be a human and just barely
|
|
||||||
passing at it. This helps you transform your expectations about what human and
|
|
||||||
bot tweets really are.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108213387014890181/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="200" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to influence `robocadey` into giving you an artistic experience,
|
|
||||||
mention it on the fediverse by adding `@robocadey@botsin.space` to your posts.
|
|
||||||
It will think a bit and then reply with a brand new post for you.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Setting It Up
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You probably don't want to do this, but if you're convinced you do then here's
|
|
||||||
some things that may help you.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Use the systemd units in `/run` of [github:Xe/x](https://github.com/Xe/x).
|
|
||||||
2. Put your model into a squashfs volume that you mount to the
|
|
||||||
`/var/lib/private/xeserv.robocadey-gpt2/checkpoint` folder.
|
|
||||||
3. Don't expect any warranty, reliability promises or assistance setting this
|
|
||||||
up. I made this for myself, not for others. Its source code is made available
|
|
||||||
to make the code part of that art, but the code is not the art that it makes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Good luck.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I guess what I think about art is that it's not just the medium. It's not just
|
|
||||||
the expression. It's the combination of it all. The expression, the medium, the
|
|
||||||
circumstances, all of that leads into what art really is. I could say that art
|
|
||||||
is the intangible expressions, emotions, and whatever that you experience when
|
|
||||||
looking at things; but that sounds really really pretentious, so let's just say
|
|
||||||
that art doesn't exist. Well it does, but only in the mind of the viewer.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There's not some objective scale that can say that something is or is not an
|
|
||||||
art. Art is imagined and we are conditioned to believe that things are or are
|
|
||||||
not art based on our upbringing.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I feel that as a shitposter my goal is to challenge people's "objective sense"
|
|
||||||
of what "can" and "can't" be art by sitting right in the middle of the two and
|
|
||||||
laughing. Projects like `robocadey` are how I make art. It's like what 200 lines
|
|
||||||
of code at most. You could probably recreate most of it based on the contents of
|
|
||||||
this post alone. I wonder if part of the art here comes from the fact that most
|
|
||||||
of this is so iterative yet so novel. Through the iteration process I end up
|
|
||||||
creating novelty.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You could also say that art is the antidote to the kind of suffering that comes
|
|
||||||
from the fundamental dissatisfactions that people have with everyday life. By
|
|
||||||
that defintion, I think that `robocadey` counts as art.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Either way, it's fun to do these things. I hope that this art can help inspire
|
|
||||||
you to think differently about the world. Even though it's through a chatbot
|
|
||||||
that says things like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://botsin.space/@robocadey/108215945151030016/embed"
|
|
||||||
class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400"
|
|
||||||
height="200" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What is this if not art?
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ As of [a recent commit](https://github.com/Xe/site/commit/b89387f6bbb010907dfa85
|
||||||
to this site's code, it now generates RSS and Atom feeds for future posts on my
|
to this site's code, it now generates RSS and Atom feeds for future posts on my
|
||||||
blog.
|
blog.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For RSS: `https://xeiaso.net/blog.rss`
|
For RSS: `https://christine.website/blog.rss`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For Atom: `https://christine.webiste/blog.atom`
|
For Atom: `https://christine.webiste/blog.atom`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my RTMP server. This means I could set it up to ingest via my [WireGuard
|
||||||
VPN][sts-wireguard] with very little work. Here is the docker command I run on
|
VPN][sts-wireguard] with very little work. Here is the docker command I run on
|
||||||
my VPN host:
|
my VPN host:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[sts-wireguard]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/series/site-to-site-wireguard
|
[sts-wireguard]: https://christine.website/blog/series/site-to-site-wireguard
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
```console
|
||||||
$ docker run \
|
$ docker run \
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ describes why functions fail to do what they intend. Rust has the [`Error`
|
||||||
trait](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/error/trait.Error.html) which lets you also
|
trait](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/error/trait.Error.html) which lets you also
|
||||||
create a type that describes why functions fail to do what they intend.
|
create a type that describes why functions fail to do what they intend.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In [my last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/TLDR-rust-2020-09-19) I
|
In [my last post](https://christine.website/blog/TLDR-rust-2020-09-19) I
|
||||||
described [`eyre`](https://docs.rs/eyre) and the Result type. However, this time
|
described [`eyre`](https://docs.rs/eyre) and the Result type. However, this time
|
||||||
we're going to dive into [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror) for making our
|
we're going to dive into [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror) for making our
|
||||||
own error type. Let's add `thiserror` to our crate:
|
own error type. Let's add `thiserror` to our crate:
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ In this blogpost series I'm going to go over how I created a [site to site](http
|
||||||
This series is going to be broken up into multiple posts about as follows:
|
This series is going to be broken up into multiple posts about as follows:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Part 1 - Names and Numbers (this post)
|
- Part 1 - Names and Numbers (this post)
|
||||||
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
||||||
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
||||||
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
||||||
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
||||||
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ series: site-to-site-wireguard
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is the second in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
This is the second in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
||||||
- Part 2 - DNS (this post)
|
- Part 2 - DNS (this post)
|
||||||
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
||||||
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
||||||
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
||||||
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ $ dig @127.0.0.1 -x 10.55.0.1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Using With the iOS WireGuard App
|
### Using With the iOS WireGuard App
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In order to configure [iOS WireGuard clients](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/wireguard/id1441195209?mt=8) to use this DNS server, open the WireGuard app and tap the name of the configuration we created in the [last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02). Hit "Edit" in the upper right hand corner and select the "DNS Servers" box. Put `10.55.0.1` in it and hit "Save". Be sure to confirm the VPN is active, then open [LibTerm](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/libterm/id1380911705?mt=8) and enter in the following:
|
In order to configure [iOS WireGuard clients](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/wireguard/id1441195209?mt=8) to use this DNS server, open the WireGuard app and tap the name of the configuration we created in the [last post](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02). Hit "Edit" in the upper right hand corner and select the "DNS Servers" box. Put `10.55.0.1` in it and hit "Save". Be sure to confirm the VPN is active, then open [LibTerm](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/libterm/id1380911705?mt=8) and enter in the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
$ dig oho.pele
|
$ dig oho.pele
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ series: site-to-site-wireguard
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is the third in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
This is the third in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
||||||
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
||||||
- Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority (this post)
|
- Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority (this post)
|
||||||
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
- [Part 4 - HTTPS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-4-2019-04-16)
|
||||||
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
||||||
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ A TLS Certificate Authority is a certificate that is allowed to issue other cert
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Why Should I Create One?
|
### Why Should I Create One?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Generally, it is useful to create a custom TLS certificate authority when there are custom DNS domains being used. This allows you to create `https://` links for your internal services (which can then act as [Progressive Web Apps](https://xeiaso.net/blog/progressive-webapp-conversion-2019-01-26)). This will also fully prevent the ["Not Secure"](https://versprite.com/blog/http-labeled-not-secure/) blurb from showing up in the URL bar.
|
Generally, it is useful to create a custom TLS certificate authority when there are custom DNS domains being used. This allows you to create `https://` links for your internal services (which can then act as [Progressive Web Apps](https://christine.website/blog/progressive-webapp-conversion-2019-01-26)). This will also fully prevent the ["Not Secure"](https://versprite.com/blog/http-labeled-not-secure/) blurb from showing up in the URL bar.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Sometimes your needs may involve needing to see what an application is doing over TLS traffic. Having a custom TLS certificate authority already set up makes this a much faster thing to do.
|
Sometimes your needs may involve needing to see what an application is doing over TLS traffic. Having a custom TLS certificate authority already set up makes this a much faster thing to do.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ series: site-to-site-wireguard
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is the fourth post in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
This is the fourth post in my Site to Site WireGuard VPN series. You can read the other articles here:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
- [Part 1 - Names and Numbers](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-1-2019-04-02)
|
||||||
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
- [Part 2 - DNS](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-2-2019-04-07)
|
||||||
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
- [Part 3 - Custom TLS Certificate Authority](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11)
|
||||||
- Part 4 - HTTPS (this post)
|
- Part 4 - HTTPS (this post)
|
||||||
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
- Setting up additional iOS, macOS, Android and Linux clients
|
||||||
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
- Other future fun things (seamless tor2web routing, etc)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ This will allow only Caddy and root to manage certificates in that folder.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Custom CA Certificate Permissions
|
### Custom CA Certificate Permissions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the [last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11), custom certificates were created at `/srv/within/certs`. Caddy is going to need to have the correct permissions in order to be able to read them.
|
In the [last post](https://christine.website/blog/site-to-site-wireguard-part-3-2019-04-11), custom certificates were created at `/srv/within/certs`. Caddy is going to need to have the correct permissions in order to be able to read them.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```shell
|
```shell
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
#!/bin/sh
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ me](mailto:me@christine.website) and let me know them.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</noscript>
|
</noscript>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I want to use [Xeact](https://xeiaso.net/blog/xeact-0.0.69-2021-11-18)
|
I want to use [Xeact](https://christine.website/blog/xeact-0.0.69-2021-11-18)
|
||||||
more in my website. I am trying to hit a balance of avoiding structural
|
more in my website. I am trying to hit a balance of avoiding structural
|
||||||
JavaScript while also allowing me to experiment with new and interesting ways of
|
JavaScript while also allowing me to experiment with new and interesting ways of
|
||||||
doing things. To this end I have created a custom HTML element that allows me to
|
doing things. To this end I have created a custom HTML element that allows me to
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Site Update: Hero Images"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-06-08
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For a while I've been wondering how I can add dramatic flair to my website with
|
|
||||||
so-called "hero images". These images are tools that let you describe the mood a
|
|
||||||
website wants to evoke. I've been unsure how to best implement these on my
|
|
||||||
website for a while, but with the advent of MidJourney and other image
|
|
||||||
generation APIs/algorithms I think I have found a way to create these without
|
|
||||||
too much effort on my part and the results are pretty fantastic:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="secret-to-life" prompt="the secret to life, the universe and everything, concept art"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have generated a bunch of other images that I'm going to use for my other
|
|
||||||
posts. I'll give out a desktop wallpaper sized version of each of these images
|
|
||||||
on my [Patreon](https://patreon.com/cadey).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Under the hood this is powered by
|
|
||||||
[lol_html](https://github.com/cloudflare/lol-html) and
|
|
||||||
[Maud](https://maud.lambda.xyz/). The magic is mostly contained in a function
|
|
||||||
that generates a `<figure>` HTML element (which I just learned exists today). I
|
|
||||||
use a function that looks like this for generating the `<xeblog-hero>` snippets:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```rust
|
|
||||||
pub fn xeblog_hero(file: String, prompt: Option<String>) -> Markup {
|
|
||||||
html! {
|
|
||||||
figure.hero style="margin:0" {
|
|
||||||
picture style="margin:0" {
|
|
||||||
source type="image/avif" srcset={"https://cdn.xeiaso.net/file/christine-static/hero/" (file) ".avif"};
|
|
||||||
source type="image/webp" srcset={"https://cdn.xeiaso.net/file/christine-static/hero/" (file) ".webp"};
|
|
||||||
img style="padding:0" alt={"hero image " (file)} src={"https://cdn.xeiaso.net/file/christine-static/hero/" (file) "-smol.png"};
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
figcaption { "Image generated by MidJourney" @if let Some(prompt) = prompt { " -- " (prompt) } }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have it wired up with lol_html like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```rust
|
|
||||||
lol_html::element!("xeblog-hero", |el| {
|
|
||||||
let file = el.get_attribute("file").expect("wanted xeblog-hero to contain file");
|
|
||||||
el.replace(&crate::tmpl::xeblog_hero(file, el.get_attribute("prompt")).0, ContentType::Html);
|
|
||||||
Ok(())
|
|
||||||
})
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The result is that I can declare hero images with HTML fragments like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```html
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="miku-dark-souls" prompt="hatsune miku, elden ring, dark souls, concept art, crowbar"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And I get this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="miku-dark-souls" prompt="hatsune miku, elden ring, dark souls, concept art, crowbar"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This is powered by the
|
|
||||||
[`<figure>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/figure)
|
|
||||||
tag, which is a new discovery to us. This is probably one of the most useful
|
|
||||||
tags we never knew about and removed the need to write a bunch of annoying CSS
|
|
||||||
and HTML.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The webp and AVIF versions of the hero images have a higher resolution version
|
|
||||||
so that it looks nicer on retina screens. However, the png versions of these are
|
|
||||||
locked to a resolution of 800x356 pixels because I was unable to crush them
|
|
||||||
below a size of half a megabyte at full resolution. Realistically, this should
|
|
||||||
only affect older browsers on slower hardware, so I don't expect this to have
|
|
||||||
too much impact on most users.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">If you don't want to see these hero
|
|
||||||
images, you can remove them with a userstyle like this:
|
|
||||||
```css
|
|
||||||
figure.hero {
|
|
||||||
display: none;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'm likely going to convert over most of my website templates to use Maud. I'm
|
|
||||||
very happy with it and I think it is incredibly useful to express your HTML in
|
|
||||||
Rust instead of something that has to be compiled to Rust. In practice it
|
|
||||||
reminds me of the Nim library [emerald](http://flyx.github.io/emerald/), which
|
|
||||||
lets you write HTML using Nim functions similar to how you use Maud.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here's a few more examples of hero images I have generated:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="the-forbidden-shape" prompt="the forbidden shape"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="great-wave-cyberpunk" prompt="the great wave off of kanagawa, cyberpunk, hanzi inscription"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Normally I will only have one image per post and it will usually be after the
|
|
||||||
introduction paragraph. The prompt will usually be related to the article topic,
|
|
||||||
but sometimes I will take artistic liberty. If you have suggestions for prompts,
|
|
||||||
please [contact me](/contact) with those ideas.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I hope these updates on how I've been messing with my site are interesting. I'm
|
|
||||||
trying to capture the spirit of how I'm implementing these changes as well as
|
|
||||||
details of how everything fits together.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Site Update: I Fixed the Patron Page"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-18
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So I fixed [the patron page](https://xeiaso.net/patrons) and the
|
|
||||||
underlying issue was stupid enough that I feel like explaining it so you all can
|
|
||||||
learn from my mistake.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">For those of you playing the christine dot
|
|
||||||
website home game, look
|
|
||||||
[here](https://github.com/Xe/site/commit/e2b9f384bf4033eddf321b5b5020ac4847609b37)
|
|
||||||
to see the fix and play along!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
My blog is basically a thin wrapper around two basic things:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Markdown files (such as for this article you are reading right now)
|
|
||||||
2. Static files (such as for the CSS that is making this article look nice)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When I create a package out of my blog's code, I have a layout that resembles
|
|
||||||
the directory structure in my git repo:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ ls -l /nix/store/crc94hqyb546w3w9fzdyr8zvz3xf3p1j-xesite-2.4.0
|
|
||||||
total 64
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 bin/
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 Dec 31 1969 blog/
|
|
||||||
-r--r--r-- 24 root root 8663 Dec 31 1969 config.dhall
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 css/
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 gallery/
|
|
||||||
-r--r--r-- 52 root root 5902 Dec 31 1969 signalboost.dhall
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 static/
|
|
||||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 talks/
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here is my git repo for comparison:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ ls -l
|
|
||||||
total 188
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 20480 May 18 20:21 blog/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 77521 May 18 20:15 Cargo.lock
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 1795 May 18 20:15 Cargo.toml
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 198 Oct 30 2020 CHANGELOG.md
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 2779 Apr 5 20:32 config.dhall
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Apr 16 11:56 css/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 1325 Jan 15 2021 default.nix
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Mar 15 2020 docs/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Mar 21 20:23 examples/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 1882 Apr 30 16:13 flake.lock
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 6547 Apr 24 20:35 flake.nix
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Jun 17 2020 gallery/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 6 cadey users 4096 Mar 21 20:23 lib/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 887 Jan 1 2021 LICENSE
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Dec 18 00:06 nix/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 1467 Feb 21 20:39 README.md
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Mar 21 21:21 scripts/
|
|
||||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 cadey users 5902 May 18 16:44 signalboost.dhall
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 5 cadey users 4096 Apr 5 20:32 src/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 12 cadey users 4096 Jan 10 17:22 static/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 Nov 10 2021 talks/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 4 cadey users 4096 Apr 16 09:56 target/
|
|
||||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 cadey users 4096 May 15 07:59 templates/
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The main problem is that my site expects all of this to be in the current
|
|
||||||
working directory. In my site's systemd unit I have a launch script that looks
|
|
||||||
like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
script = let site = packages.default;
|
|
||||||
in ''
|
|
||||||
export SOCKPATH=${cfg.sockPath}
|
|
||||||
export DOMAIN=${toString cfg.domain}
|
|
||||||
cd ${site}
|
|
||||||
exec ${site}/bin/xesite
|
|
||||||
'';
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However the Nix store isn't writable by user code. My patreon API client looked
|
|
||||||
for its credentials in the current working directory. When I set it up on the
|
|
||||||
target server I put the credentials in `/srv/within/xesite/.patreon.json`,
|
|
||||||
thinking that the `WorkingDirectory` setting would make it Just Work:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```nix
|
|
||||||
WorkingDirectory = "/srv/within/xesite";
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But this was immediately blown away by the `cd` command on line 4 of the script.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have fixed this by making my Patreon client put its credentials in the home
|
|
||||||
directory explicitly with this fragment of code:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```rust
|
|
||||||
let mut p = dirs::home_dir().unwrap_or(".".into());
|
|
||||||
p.push(".patreon.json");
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This will make the Patreon credentials get properly stored in the service's home
|
|
||||||
directory (which is writable). This will also make the patrons page work
|
|
||||||
persistently without having to manually rotate secrets every month.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here's a good lesson for you all, make sure to print out the absolute path of
|
|
||||||
everything in error messages. For the longest time I had to debug this from this
|
|
||||||
error message:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
patrons: xesite::app: ".patreon.json" does not exist
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I was looking at the directory `/srv/within/xesite` and I saw it existing right
|
|
||||||
in front of my eyes. This made me feel like I was going crazy and I've been
|
|
||||||
putting off fixing it because of that. However, it's a simple fix and I was
|
|
||||||
blind.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey"
|
|
||||||
mood="coffee">aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Site Update: Salary Transparency Page Added"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-06-14
|
|
||||||
author: Sephie
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="miku-dark-souls" prompt="hatsune miku, elden ring, dark souls, concept art, crowbar"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have added a [salary transparency
|
|
||||||
page](https://xeiaso.net/salary-transparency) to the blog. This page lists my
|
|
||||||
salary for every job I've had in tech. I have had this data open to the public
|
|
||||||
for years, but I feel this should be more prominently displayed on my website.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As someone who has seen pay discrimination work in action first-hand, data is
|
|
||||||
one of the ways that we can end this pointless hiding of information that leads
|
|
||||||
to people being uninformed and hurt by their lack of knowledge. By laying my
|
|
||||||
hand out in the open like this, I hope to ensure that people are better informed
|
|
||||||
about how much money they can make, so that they can be paid equally for equal
|
|
||||||
work.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Raw, machine processable data (including employer names) is available at
|
|
||||||
`/api/salary_transparency.json`. The JSON format is not stable. Do not treat it as
|
|
||||||
such. I reserve the right to change the formatting or semantics of the JSON
|
|
||||||
format at any time without warning. The raw data is in `/dhall/jobHistory.dhall`
|
|
||||||
in my site's git repository.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have also taken the time to make sure that the [old
|
|
||||||
post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/my-career-in-dates-titles-salaries-2019-03-14)
|
|
||||||
maintains an up-to-date list. I do not want to break semantics on my website
|
|
||||||
without a very good reason. By leaving the old post un-updated, I feel it would
|
|
||||||
be doing a disservice to the community.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Please consider publishing your salary data like this as well. By open,
|
|
||||||
voluntary transparency we can help to end stigmas around discussing pay and help
|
|
||||||
ensure that the next generations of people in tech are treated fairly. Stigmas
|
|
||||||
thrive in darkness but die in the light of day. You can help end the stigma by
|
|
||||||
playing your cards out in the open like this.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It can be scary to do this; however every person that does it will make it that
|
|
||||||
much more easy for the next person to do it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Don't be afraid.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ tags:
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I made a little interactive fiction story! You can find it
|
I made a little interactive fiction story! You can find it
|
||||||
[here](https://xeiaso.net/static/stories/spaceship.html). This was
|
[here](https://christine.website/static/stories/spaceship.html). This was
|
||||||
written as a result of a terrible idea I had after watching some QuakeCon
|
written as a result of a terrible idea I had after watching some QuakeCon
|
||||||
announcements.
|
announcements.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I wonder if I can get away with using an `<iframe>` in 2021:
|
I wonder if I can get away with using an `<iframe>` in 2021:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<iframe src="https://xeiaso.net/static/stories/spaceship.html" width="100%" height=500></iframe>
|
<iframe src="https://christine.website/static/stories/spaceship.html" width="100%" height=500></iframe>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is adapted from [a twitter
|
This is adapted from [a twitter
|
||||||
thread](https://twitter.com/theprincessxena/status/1428479144699088903).
|
thread](https://twitter.com/theprincessxena/status/1428479144699088903).
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Spearphishing: it can happen to you too"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-07-09
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- linkedin
|
|
||||||
- infosec
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-hero file="the-fool" prompt="The Fool in a woodcut tarot card style"></xeblog-hero>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For some reason, LinkedIn has become the de-facto social network for
|
|
||||||
professionals. It is viewed as a powerful networking and marketing site that
|
|
||||||
lets professionals communicate, find new opportunities and source talent at
|
|
||||||
eye-watering speed and rates. However, at the same time this also means that
|
|
||||||
LinkedIn becomes a treasure trove of data to enable spearphising attacks.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Let's consider [this attack against popular "play to earn" game Axie
|
|
||||||
Infinity](https://www.theblock.co/post/156038/how-a-fake-job-offer-took-down-the-worlds-most-popular-crypto-game).
|
|
||||||
The attackers had PDF based malware that allowed them to get access to a target
|
|
||||||
computer, so they needed someone to open a PDF to trigger the exploit chain that
|
|
||||||
let them gain a foothold. But they specifically wanted people that likely had
|
|
||||||
access to the crypto wallets that enable control of the blockchain. LinkedIn let
|
|
||||||
them filter by employees at the company behind Axie Infinity that were
|
|
||||||
developers and likely started spearphishing by role and seniority. The details
|
|
||||||
of the attack spell out that the attackers had set up a whole fake interview
|
|
||||||
process to convince the marks that the process was legitimate and they put the
|
|
||||||
malware in the offer letter. The attackers later gained access to the validator
|
|
||||||
wallets and then they were able to make off with over half a billion dollars
|
|
||||||
worth of cryptocurrency.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">Maybe, just maybe you shouldn't store a
|
|
||||||
majority of the keys required to validate something on _the same computer_.
|
|
||||||
Especially if those keypairs control assets worth close to _half a billion
|
|
||||||
dollars_. Holy heck.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The malware was in the offer letter. This is the kind of social engineering
|
|
||||||
attack that I bet any one of you reading this article could fall for. Hell, I'd
|
|
||||||
probably fall for this. This may be the wrong kind of take to have, but I'm
|
|
||||||
really starting to wonder if using LinkedIn so much is actually bad for
|
|
||||||
security. It's not just recruiters reading through LinkedIn anymore, it's also
|
|
||||||
threat actors that are trying to break in and do God knows what. Maybe we as an
|
|
||||||
industry should stop feeding all of that data into LinkedIn. Not only would it
|
|
||||||
give you less recruiter spam, maybe it'll make spearphishing attacks more
|
|
||||||
difficult too.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Also, yes we can't trust PDFs anymore,
|
|
||||||
especially after exploits like
|
|
||||||
[FORCEDENTRY](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html)
|
|
||||||
became a thing.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Either way, I may end up getting a disposable machine for dealing with reading
|
|
||||||
PDFs from unknown sources in the future. I could use a virtual machine for this,
|
|
||||||
but if my threat model includes PDFs having exploits in them then I probably
|
|
||||||
can't trust a virtual machine to be a reasonable security barrier. I don't know.
|
|
||||||
It sucks that we can't trust people anymore.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I kinda wish we could.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">Fun fact: the tarot card "The Fool"
|
|
||||||
doesn't actually imply idiocy in a malicious way. The major arcana of the tarot
|
|
||||||
is a bunch of memes that describe the story of The Fool's journey through magick
|
|
||||||
and learning how the world works. The Fool is not an idiot, The Fool is just
|
|
||||||
someone that is unaware of the difficulties they are going to face in life and
|
|
||||||
treats things optimistically. Think a free spirit as opposed to someone that is
|
|
||||||
foolhardy (though foolhardiness is the meaning of The Fool when the card is
|
|
||||||
inverted).</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ problems that require deep thought and consideration.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I was originally gonna release this by the end of the year as a cohesive novel,
|
I was originally gonna release this by the end of the year as a cohesive novel,
|
||||||
however it looks like the cards aren't falling that way. I want to instead shift
|
however it looks like the cards aren't falling that way. I want to instead shift
|
||||||
[Spellblade](https://xeiaso.net/blog/spellblade-plans-2021-08-16) into a
|
[Spellblade](https://christine.website/blog/spellblade-plans-2021-08-16) into a
|
||||||
web novel, which I am defining as something that I'll release in big chunks like
|
web novel, which I am defining as something that I'll release in big chunks like
|
||||||
this every month or so. I don't want to compromise any of the artistic vision or
|
this every month or so. I don't want to compromise any of the artistic vision or
|
||||||
whatever, I just want each "chunk" to be a lot more finely scoped than "the
|
whatever, I just want each "chunk" to be a lot more finely scoped than "the
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def get_feed(feed_url):
|
||||||
con.commit()
|
con.commit()
|
||||||
print("got feed %s" % (feed_url))
|
print("got feed %s" % (feed_url))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
get_feed("https://xeiaso.net/blog.json")
|
get_feed("https://christine.website/blog.json")
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So now let's play with the data! Let's load the database schema in with the
|
So now let's play with the data! Let's load the database schema in with the
|
||||||
|
|
@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ $ sqlite3 data.db < schema.sql
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[The less-than symbol there is a redirect, it loads the data from `schema.sql`
|
[The less-than symbol there is a redirect, it loads the data from `schema.sql`
|
||||||
as standard input to the `sqlite` command. See <a
|
as standard input to the `sqlite` command. See <a
|
||||||
href="https://xeiaso.net/blog/fun-with-redirection-2021-09-22">here</a>
|
href="https://christine.website/blog/fun-with-redirection-2021-09-22">here</a>
|
||||||
for more information on redirections.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
|
for more information on redirections.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then run that python script to populate the database:
|
Then run that python script to populate the database:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
```console
|
||||||
$ python ./jsonfeedfetch.py
|
$ python ./jsonfeedfetch.py
|
||||||
got feed https://xeiaso.net/blog.json
|
got feed https://christine.website/blog.json
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then open up the SQLite command line:
|
Then open up the SQLite command line:
|
||||||
|
|
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ And run that python script again, then the data should automatically show up:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
sqlite3> SELECT * FROM jsonfeed_metadata;
|
sqlite3> SELECT * FROM jsonfeed_metadata;
|
||||||
https://xeiaso.net/blog.json|Xe's Blog|My blog posts and rants about various technology things.|https://xeiaso.net|2022-01-04
|
https://christine.website/blog.json|Xe's Blog|My blog posts and rants about various technology things.|https://christine.website|2022-01-04
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It's like magic!
|
It's like magic!
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe Review"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-07-25
|
|
||||||
series: reviews
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Every so often a game comes around that is genuinely hard to review. Especially
|
|
||||||
when you are trying to avoid spoiling the magic of the game in that review. This
|
|
||||||
is a game that is even harder to review than normal because it's an absolute
|
|
||||||
philosophical document. This game absolutely riffs at the games industry super
|
|
||||||
hard and it really shows. I'm going to try to avoid spoilers in this article,
|
|
||||||
except for a few I made up.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">I was going to include screenshots in
|
|
||||||
this article, but it's difficult for me to get them without spoiling the subtle
|
|
||||||
comedy at hand, so I'm going to leave this as a text-only review.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe is either the second or third game in the
|
|
||||||
series. At first this game was a Half Life 2 mod that came out of nowhere and
|
|
||||||
was one of the most beloved mods ever released. Then they made it a proper game
|
|
||||||
on the Source engine and expanded it a bit. After a while they wanted to
|
|
||||||
continue the parable and expand it even more, but they weren't able to get it on
|
|
||||||
consoles with it still being a Source engine game. So they ported it to Unity
|
|
||||||
and the end result is The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe. It is one of my
|
|
||||||
favorite games of all time.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It is a deeply limited game, you only can move around and interact with things.
|
|
||||||
The story is about an office drone named Stanley that pushes buttons based on
|
|
||||||
instructions from his computer. The big thing that this game does though is make
|
|
||||||
you realize the inherent paradoxes in its own design.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">Being mechanically limited like this is
|
|
||||||
not actually a bad thing like the phrasing might imply. This means that the main
|
|
||||||
focus of the gameplay is not on the micro actions the player can take. In this
|
|
||||||
case the main focus is on how the player interacts with the story and not how
|
|
||||||
the player interacts with their controller or puzzles or tactics. Additionally,
|
|
||||||
the mechanical limitations of the gameplay are thematically aligned with the
|
|
||||||
story's premise of being an office drone in ways it can play with. Think
|
|
||||||
dramatic irony taken to its logical conclusion.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Endings that make you look like you had exercised your free will actually boil
|
|
||||||
down to your actions being controlled by following the narrator's voices. This
|
|
||||||
is absolutely taking the piss out of how most modern AAA game design works,
|
|
||||||
guiding you with an invisible hand and making it _seem_ like you had the free
|
|
||||||
will to choose what was going on when in fact you were really just following the
|
|
||||||
invisible guidance the whole time.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However I think one of the best examples of how The Stanley Parable riffs at
|
|
||||||
mainstream game design is via the Adventure Line™️ that shows up in one branch of
|
|
||||||
the game. The Line™️ is an obvious riff on games like Dead Space where you can
|
|
||||||
summon a line to tell you where to go at any time. It shows how _boring_ modern
|
|
||||||
game design is by making you _see_ the consequences of it. If you follow the
|
|
||||||
narrator's voice, you get boring endings.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In many modern AAA games, you have the free will to choose to follow the main
|
|
||||||
story and finish all the quests or whatever, but not much else. Consider Call of
|
|
||||||
Duty or Battlefield. You are John America and you have to kill the enemies to
|
|
||||||
death before they kill you to death by throwing bullets at you. You get to the
|
|
||||||
end of the level and blow up the brown people some more or something and then
|
|
||||||
it's suddenly a victory for America. But what did you really accomplish? You
|
|
||||||
just followed the line. Walk outside of the intended playable area? 10 second
|
|
||||||
timer until the game kills you. Shoot a person with the wrong skin color? The
|
|
||||||
game kills you.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">If you manage to clip out of bounds in the
|
|
||||||
escape ending, the screen will fade to black and you will be transported to a
|
|
||||||
temperate climate. Then a t-posing model in terrible armor will tell you that it
|
|
||||||
used to be an adventurer until they took an arrow to the knee. Hope that's not a
|
|
||||||
marriage proposal!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However in The Stanley Parable you can defy the narrator and that's where the
|
|
||||||
game really opens up. It's great to get in the area where the game is unfinished
|
|
||||||
and then have the narrator complain about deadlines, scheduling delays, investor
|
|
||||||
funding and them wanting to avoid having to stuff it to the gills with
|
|
||||||
microtransactions. You can legitimately glitch your way out of bounds and then
|
|
||||||
the game will reward you with a new ending you didn't know was possible. The
|
|
||||||
game takes the concept of the illusion of free will and plays with it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The game makes you think about what games _can_ be. It makes you wonder if the
|
|
||||||
potted plant soliloquy after the broom closet ending speaks to the mental state
|
|
||||||
of the author more than anything. Of all of the artistic endeavors that games as
|
|
||||||
a medium _can_ have, we end up seeing very few or none of them in mainstream
|
|
||||||
gaming. Sure you get your occasional 4k120fps robot killer waifu with a bow and
|
|
||||||
a whacky stick, but none of it really _revolutionizes_ video games as an art
|
|
||||||
form. It's all just derivative of the generic "unalive bad guy and save earth"
|
|
||||||
trope.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">If you want some games that really
|
|
||||||
revolutionize what games can be, check out
|
|
||||||
[Celeste](https://mattmakesgames.itch.io/celeste), [Secret Little
|
|
||||||
Haven](https://ristar.itch.io/secret-little-haven), [Baba Is
|
|
||||||
You](https://hempuli.itch.io/baba), and [Glittermitten
|
|
||||||
Grove](https://twinbeard.itch.io/glittermitten-grove). All of these games really
|
|
||||||
challenge what games can be and experiment with radically different kinds of
|
|
||||||
art. You never will see mainstream games be as risk-taking as this because art
|
|
||||||
is fundamentally risky and capitalism wants line to go up, so they go out of
|
|
||||||
their way to make sure that mainstream games are as safe and likely to sell many
|
|
||||||
copies as possible.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I made up the thing about the potted plant, but if you had played the game then
|
|
||||||
you'd probably have started the game up to look for it just to see what was
|
|
||||||
there. I wonder if I made someone stand at that potted plant for like 5 minutes
|
|
||||||
or something. This game sparks creativity in ways that other mainstream games
|
|
||||||
just fundamentally don't. If you've been looking for something different in your
|
|
||||||
video game diet, I really suggest you give it a try. Go in as blind as possible.
|
|
||||||
I'm not paid in any way to say this, I genuinely think this is really good.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ date: 2019-05-30
|
||||||
series: templeos
|
series: templeos
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The [last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/templeos-1-installation-and-basic-use-2019-05-20) covered a lot of the basic usage of TempleOS. This post is going to be significantly different, as I'm going to be porting part of the TempleOS kernel to WebAssembly as a live demo.
|
The [last post](https://christine.website/blog/templeos-1-installation-and-basic-use-2019-05-20) covered a lot of the basic usage of TempleOS. This post is going to be significantly different, as I'm going to be porting part of the TempleOS kernel to WebAssembly as a live demo.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This post may contain words used in ways and places that look blasphemous at first glance. No blasphemy is intended, though it is an unfortunate requirement for covering this part of TempleOS' kernel. It's worth noting that Terry Davis [legitimately believed that TempleOS is a temple of the Lord Yahweh](https://templeos.holyc.xyz/Wb/Doc/Charter.html):
|
This post may contain words used in ways and places that look blasphemous at first glance. No blasphemy is intended, though it is an unfortunate requirement for covering this part of TempleOS' kernel. It's worth noting that Terry Davis [legitimately believed that TempleOS is a temple of the Lord Yahweh](https://templeos.holyc.xyz/Wb/Doc/Charter.html):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,344 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: The Oasis
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-06-03
|
|
||||||
series: malto
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- furry
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen did a final check of his backpack. It was a very hot day in Tashei, but
|
|
||||||
the river radiated an aura of cool air that protected everyone from the heat of
|
|
||||||
the harsh sun. He had his backup cloak, a hydroflask and some fish jerkey, not
|
|
||||||
to mention the package for the client. *Not exactly the best equipment but this
|
|
||||||
will work. Riltash is a half day away at worst,* Tosen thought to himself. He
|
|
||||||
squatted down and fit his arms into the pack's straps. The pack easily weighed a
|
|
||||||
quarter of what he did, but as he regained his catlike balance he secured the
|
|
||||||
waistband and got ready to head out.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The oracle predicted that there would be a sandstorm late in the evening, but it
|
|
||||||
wasn't even noon yet. He pulled out his compass, let it settle and then set out
|
|
||||||
to the southeast.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Walking in the desert always has its own unique rhythm to it. With the
|
|
||||||
unrelenting heat of the sun pounding down on the sand, the ground itself can
|
|
||||||
feel like a million angry daggers with every step. Tosen thought ahead of this
|
|
||||||
issue. He got himself a pair of sandshoes from the fancy magic item store. The
|
|
||||||
only downside was that his main connection to the earth was significantly
|
|
||||||
weakened. Chee paws are some of the most finely tuned sensory organs on Malto
|
|
||||||
(second only to Snep paws), and they were his main warning about sandstorms.
|
|
||||||
*The oracle isn't wrong most of the time. I'm fine, I'm fine. I can't feel the
|
|
||||||
desert but I'm fine.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He kept walking past all different kinds of cacti. His favorite ones were the
|
|
||||||
ones that were made up of a bunch of spiky ovals built on top of eachother. He'd
|
|
||||||
never want to get stung by one and risk the wrath of the serrated needles, but
|
|
||||||
he'd always thought that they had such a unique look. *If I had a house of my
|
|
||||||
own, I'd grow one of them.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As he continued walking he started to focus on the patterns of walking. Every
|
|
||||||
step was taken one after the other. With every step, his foot slid to the side
|
|
||||||
ever so slightly. The sand wrapped around his shoes and warmed his feet. The
|
|
||||||
worst part of the sandshoes was when sand trickled into the back of them. This
|
|
||||||
required him to stop every so often to purge the sand out of his shoes, because
|
|
||||||
otherwise it would hurt a lot.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This continued for what felt like hours. He checked his compass every so often
|
|
||||||
and made sure he was on the right path. It started to move a bit weird compared
|
|
||||||
to normal. It was taking longer to find north. Normally this would be concerning
|
|
||||||
to him, but the desert had entranced him. Left, right, left, right, left, right.
|
|
||||||
Each step bringing him closer to his destination.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then the sky changed color. The brilliant blue started to get stained with a
|
|
||||||
light brown that worked its way across what Tosen could see. Tosen instantly
|
|
||||||
noticed this change and pulled over his face veil. The sandstorm had started
|
|
||||||
early. The oracle was wrong.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen looked around for some kind of shelter but all he could see was the
|
|
||||||
remains of a broken wagon that looked like its better days had seen better days.
|
|
||||||
It was barely enough protection. With his spare robe to patch over the biggest
|
|
||||||
holes just enough to ride out the storm. He took the leap and hunkered down.
|
|
||||||
*It's only a level 2 storm. It'll be over in an hour. I'll make it to Riltash
|
|
||||||
today. Everything will work out.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As he sat down he reached for his compass and couldn't find it. He reached into
|
|
||||||
the pocket that his compass normally lives in and felt it conspicuously empty.
|
|
||||||
He looked up towards the path he walked in on and saw a golden glint in the
|
|
||||||
sand. It was so close. If he could get to it, he'd know where to go. He'd find
|
|
||||||
his way to Riltash.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But the sandstorm started to kick up. The sky started fading towards darker and
|
|
||||||
darker shades of brown and he could feel the sand beat against his makeshift
|
|
||||||
shelter. The hot sand was whipped up and he could hear it pitter and patter the
|
|
||||||
wooden and cloth walls.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After an hour, the sandstorm started showing signs of slowing down. *This is
|
|
||||||
nothing close to a level 2*, Tosen thought to himself. His spare robe was
|
|
||||||
totally ruined, but he survived. As things died down, he remembered his compass
|
|
||||||
and tore down enough of his shelter to be able to find it. It wasn't where it
|
|
||||||
was before. *Okay, it's made of gold, it can't have gone that far*. He grabbed
|
|
||||||
his pack, almost fell over from the sudden weight and started to scan around him
|
|
||||||
in 360 degrees. He saw the familiar glint of its knob and walked over to its
|
|
||||||
resting site. The looking glass was cracked. Rotating it did nothing. The
|
|
||||||
compass was broken.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He was lost.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It took every ounce of strength Tosen had to avoid shouting out in anger. He
|
|
||||||
needed to conserve the water. Miau was huge. He needs to extend his supplies to
|
|
||||||
last as long as possible.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He couldn't resist the urge. He shouted out in anger for an instant before
|
|
||||||
realizing what he did and covering his mouth.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It took a while for Tosen to regain his senses. The shock of the event wasn't
|
|
||||||
sitting well with him. His mother's compass was destroyed. His rendezvous time
|
|
||||||
with the client was surely shot. At least it wasn't the solar apex anymore.
|
|
||||||
*Okay, I can deal with this. I should stay put until sunset. The sun sets to the
|
|
||||||
east. I can go diagonally into the sunset to get to Riltash*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He more confidently went back to his makeshift shelter. It was in worse
|
|
||||||
condition after the storm, but at least it would give him shade. The sun was on
|
|
||||||
its way down, but it was still a deadly laser that he needed to worry about.
|
|
||||||
*It's just me and you, buddy.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some time passed and the sun very visibly was in the eastern portion of the sky.
|
|
||||||
Tosen grabbed for his hydroflask and took a sip. *It was still cold. At least
|
|
||||||
that oracle was good for SOMETHING.* He stood up and grabbed his pack. He left a
|
|
||||||
bit of red cloth as a flag on the southeast side of his makeshift shelter to
|
|
||||||
tell anyone looking for him where he went.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then it was back to the rhythms of the desert. The desert felt confusing without
|
|
||||||
the comforting pulse of nature under his paws. But, he continued taking steps
|
|
||||||
and continued walking forwards.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Left. Right. Left. Right. Left. Right. Things felt more deliberate this time.
|
|
||||||
There was a frustration to his walking. He was so frustrated at the whole
|
|
||||||
situation. As he walked, he felt his emotions fuming over this whole debacle.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He walked and walked. The sunset had started to peek out its head and show Tosen
|
|
||||||
a display of fantastic colors as he continued to walk. *This isn't right. I
|
|
||||||
should have reached Riltash by now. It's only a few miles from Tashei.* He took
|
|
||||||
another swig of his hydroflask and felt it notably lighter than it should be. He
|
|
||||||
was low on water. This was especially dangerous out here. *This is going to be a
|
|
||||||
long night, isn't it.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The sunset continued and the colors gradually started to fade to the black night
|
|
||||||
sky. Starts started to peek out without the sun to hide them. Tosen scanned over
|
|
||||||
the constellations and found the North Star. From there he worked out that he
|
|
||||||
was going to the southeast like he thought he was. He looked around and found a
|
|
||||||
few miserable bushes to use for firewood, but they were in a sea of thorns. He
|
|
||||||
had talents in fire magick, but he didn't trust using it with so many dry thorns
|
|
||||||
nearby. *You know what, what's the worst that can happen? I get warm? It's going
|
|
||||||
to be so cold soon, I need to do something.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He held out his hand and mentally started to trace out the triangles like he
|
|
||||||
learned from school. Each triangle stacked on top of each other and then built
|
|
||||||
up into a viable casting circle glowing a brilliant orange in front of his hand.
|
|
||||||
The area around him was illuminated from the magickal force, the thorns casting
|
|
||||||
long evil shadows against cacti and other miserable little bushes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Toor sha!"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A weak puff of flame came out of his hand and tickled one of the thorny vines.
|
|
||||||
There wasn't much of a response and it looked like the fire was going to go out
|
|
||||||
so he cast a fireball in its place. The triangles shifted into squares and a
|
|
||||||
baseball sized orb of energy started to form in his hand.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Toor shaltel!"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The fireball formed around his fingers and he chucked it right into the pit of
|
|
||||||
thorns. They were all set on fire simultaneously. After a brilliant blaze, the
|
|
||||||
fire petered out into nothing as fast as it started. He looked over to see if
|
|
||||||
the firewood was still there, his spell circle was still active as a flashlight
|
|
||||||
but that kindling was nowhere to be seen. It was incinerated with everything
|
|
||||||
else.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He had to resist shouting out in anger again. *Okay, okay, calm down. I set off
|
|
||||||
a massive signal fire. That should alert someone. I can't keep this spell circle
|
|
||||||
up, I'll mind down and then I'll be in worse trouble.* He killed off the spell
|
|
||||||
with a flick of the wrist and the darkness crept in. He was alone. I need to
|
|
||||||
keep walking. So he started walking, not realizing that he changed direction
|
|
||||||
after the incident with the thorns.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Left! Right! Left! Right! Left! Right! Each step felt angry and defiant. Tosen
|
|
||||||
started to feel legitimate anger at the desert. It was normally his home, he
|
|
||||||
grew up in the sands of Miau, but tonight it was his enemy. He defiantly marched
|
|
||||||
towards where he thought Riltash was, but got no closer.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It was a very long night walking towards town. It was a desperate, angry march.
|
|
||||||
He stopped a few times to take a bite of jerkey and swig it down with the bare
|
|
||||||
minimum of water he could get away with. He thought it would be colder, but it
|
|
||||||
turns out all that fur ended up going towards something.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The night continued and was broken by the inklings of a sunrise. Tosen looked up
|
|
||||||
in dismay. He had walked all night and he was nowhere closer to his destination.
|
|
||||||
An overwhelming feeling of sadness blanketed him and he broke down to start
|
|
||||||
crying.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He looked forward and saw something different. He saw what looked like the faint
|
|
||||||
outline of Riltash's signal statue. His sadness was instantly transmuted to a
|
|
||||||
mixture of relief and joy and his second wind started to hit. He trudged forward
|
|
||||||
towards that statue. Towards his salvation. Towards his client. Towards his
|
|
||||||
paycheck. Towards the next step to move out to Zhalram with his friends. Towards
|
|
||||||
his future.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He kept up his pace and got closer. The statue looked wrong. Riltash has the
|
|
||||||
visage of one of the water goddesses in the region. This looked different,
|
|
||||||
almost like a Chee. He wasn't aware of any local Chee deities. He looked down
|
|
||||||
and saw shimmers. It almost looked like a mirage, but then he remembered
|
|
||||||
something. There were rumors of an oasis south of Riltash. Could this be that?
|
|
||||||
Could there be water?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
His second wind became a third and then a fourth wind. He got close enough to
|
|
||||||
take a better look at everything and it was that oasis!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Water!*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
His walk became a sprint and the sand started to be diluted with grass. As he
|
|
||||||
walked on the grass he suddenly felt an overwhelming sense of calm. It was as if
|
|
||||||
all of the anger, all the vitriol, all the hatred towards the desert vanished in
|
|
||||||
an instant. He paused for a moment but then continued on. The promise of fresh
|
|
||||||
water was too great. He was so thirsty.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He put his pack down, took off his shoes and tested the water with a paw. It was
|
|
||||||
cool to the touch, about 10 degrees celsius. It was the real deal. It was water.
|
|
||||||
He took off his robe, folded it haphazardly next to his pack and grabbed his
|
|
||||||
hydroflask. He opened it and shoved it under so it could be filled. Once he was
|
|
||||||
satisfied that it was full, he bent over and started to lap up the water
|
|
||||||
greedily.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A figure vaguely resembling the statue was watching from a nearby house. The
|
|
||||||
figure chuckled to themselves. They decided they should intervene. They donned a
|
|
||||||
white robe and walked out to the weary traveler.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen was enamoured by the water. His exhaustion had finally caught up to him.
|
|
||||||
He looked back at his pack and saw a figure walking towards him from some kind
|
|
||||||
of house. He instantly jumped to alertness, but didn't feel the fear that
|
|
||||||
generally came with being startled like that. The figure felt familiar yet alien
|
|
||||||
somehow.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The figure looked at his pack and his visibly broken compass. They looked right
|
|
||||||
into Tosen's eyes. "Rough day?"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen stammered a few times and eventually managed to come up with a reply:
|
|
||||||
"Y...yeah. I was caught in that sandstorm yesterday. I hid from it in a broken
|
|
||||||
wagon."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The figure reached out a hand to him. "Come with me. You need a rest. I'll come
|
|
||||||
back to take care of your things. I have a spare bed for travelers like you."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen didn't have enough energy to argue with the stranger's offer of
|
|
||||||
hospitality and followed them into their house. They guided Tosen to the guest
|
|
||||||
room and sat on one of the chairs. Tosen collapsed on the most comfortable bed
|
|
||||||
he had ever felt in his life. All he could get out was a weak "thank....youuuu"
|
|
||||||
before his lost sleep caught up and he was out like a light. The figure pulled a
|
|
||||||
blanket over him and closed the shades to make the room nice and dark.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen was asleep until the late afternoon. The figure had moved his stuff
|
|
||||||
inside, done his laundry, mended a hole in the pack and was lounging in a chair
|
|
||||||
for a nap of their own.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen woke up, stretched out and yawned loudly. He looked up at the ceiling and
|
|
||||||
realized how unfamiliar it was. That angel in his dream was real. Had he
|
|
||||||
actually walked through the night? The figure knocked at the door. "Hey, come
|
|
||||||
and have a meal. You must be starving." He was. Tosen stood up and opened the
|
|
||||||
door. The figure was wearing a white robe and a golden necklace. They looked
|
|
||||||
like the archetypal vision of Chee beauty. Tosen noted that he was unable to
|
|
||||||
refer to that figure with any pronoun but "they". *That's weird...*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The figure started to speak: "I am Shal'tash. I saw you hurting and I decided to
|
|
||||||
intervene and help you. Come, I have some food almost ready." Shal'tash started
|
|
||||||
to walk towards the kitchen and Tosen followed. He made his way to a rather
|
|
||||||
ordinary looking wooden table and took a seat. His stuff was near the table and
|
|
||||||
he was grateful for his host's gratuity.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
They were making pancakes. The batter was being poured into a metal pan in
|
|
||||||
little groups. Tosen noticed that the stove seemed to be powered by its own
|
|
||||||
magic circle, a non-organic magic emitter was being used to create the fire
|
|
||||||
needed for cooking. It was a weak burner, but it was enough for Shal'tash to
|
|
||||||
cook with.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen was befuddled. He had never seen such a thing in action. He got up and
|
|
||||||
looked at it closely. Shal'tash looked back and smiled, "Never seen a stove
|
|
||||||
burner before?"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Not like that no, it looks like it's casting a weak fire spell, but
|
|
||||||
constantly."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"This is a lot more efficient than the coal burning stoves you have. This lets
|
|
||||||
you use the energy equivalent of a fireball to get a half hour of cooking heat,
|
|
||||||
or an hour or two of torchlight. I'm surprised you didn't know about this."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen looked confused. "You mean you can use the square level spell to
|
|
||||||
supercharge the triangle level spell? No, they never taught us this. But how is
|
|
||||||
the burner even working?"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Shal'tash laughed. "It's nothing special. I just rooted the circle under the pan
|
|
||||||
instead of on my hand. Here, you try it." They flicked their wrist and banished
|
|
||||||
the magic circle. "Now cast a fireball but focus on the pan instead of your
|
|
||||||
hand, let it simmer a bit, and then kick off create fire."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen was confused but nodded and tried to comply. After a moment Shal'tash
|
|
||||||
piped in: "no, don't think about where the pan is relative to your hand. Think
|
|
||||||
about where the pan is relative to the pan. You're so close. I know you can do
|
|
||||||
it."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen nodded and started over. The circle started to be inscribed below the pan
|
|
||||||
and Shal'tash's face lit up like a Christmas tree. "Toor sha!"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The burner was lit. The fire was continuously burning and Tosen didn't feel the
|
|
||||||
sting of a continuous cast. "Perfect. See how easy this is? Spend the mana on
|
|
||||||
the fireball, then use it for the weaker spell. No need to waste any."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen was astounded. It normally took him ages to learn magical skills, but here
|
|
||||||
he was on the second try with this person and their vague instruction and he did
|
|
||||||
two things he thought was impossible. It was like magic was all new all over
|
|
||||||
again. Can I use this to make a bunch of fireballs when casting a firestorm? How
|
|
||||||
far does this go?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Be careful with this, you could really hurt someone if you do displacement
|
|
||||||
foolishly. They must have stopped teaching it for a reason." Shal'tash finished
|
|
||||||
the stack of pancakes and put the plate in the middle of the table. "Now let's
|
|
||||||
eat!"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
They shared a meal. It was just what Tosen needed.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The meal was finished. Shal'tash looked over to Tosen. "So where are you headed?
|
|
||||||
I can point you in the right direction."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Riltash, I have a delivery that I'm incredibly late for by now."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Shal'tash chuckled and pointed towards the statue. "The statue points towards
|
|
||||||
Riltash. Just go straight north and you'll get there in 20 minutes."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen looked incredulous. "I was really that close?"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Yeah, though it looked like you needed to get lost. It can be good for you."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He didn't understand what they meant by that, but he didn't think he needed to.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Shal'tash walked with Tosen to the north side of the oasis. Tosen looked towards
|
|
||||||
his saviour and was suddenly overcome with emotion. "Thank you so much. You
|
|
||||||
saved me."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You are welcome. I saved you because I was in a situation worse than yours when
|
|
||||||
I found this oasis. I don't want anyone to experience the pain that I have felt,
|
|
||||||
so I saved you before it could get that bad."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"What can I do to repay you?"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You don't need to do anything right now. Just save someone else when you can.
|
|
||||||
If you want, come back here and give me a visit. It'd be fun to catch up,
|
|
||||||
Tosen."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Thanks again! I'll be back!"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tosen walked off towards his payday. He looked back every so often and the oasis
|
|
||||||
became more distant and then faded completely from sight into the rest of the
|
|
||||||
sands. He was alone again, but not in spirit.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He never noticed that they knew his name without him telling them his name.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Shal'tash walked back towards their house and stood by their cactus. They
|
|
||||||
watched as Tosen faded into the sands and then headed inside. Their job was
|
|
||||||
complete.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: The Origin of h
|
||||||
date: 2015-12-14
|
date: 2015-12-14
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
NOTE: There is a [second part](https://xeiaso.net/blog/formal-grammar-of-h-2019-05-19) to this article now with a formal grammar.
|
NOTE: There is a [second part](https://christine.website/blog/formal-grammar-of-h-2019-05-19) to this article now with a formal grammar.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For a while I have been pepetuating a small joke between my friends, co-workers and community members of various communities (whether or not this has been beneficial or harmful is out of the scope of this post). The whole "joke" is that someone says "h", another person says "h" back.
|
For a while I have been pepetuating a small joke between my friends, co-workers and community members of various communities (whether or not this has been beneficial or harmful is out of the scope of this post). The whole "joke" is that someone says "h", another person says "h" back.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
EDIT(M02 20 2020): I've written a bit of a rebuttal to my own post
|
EDIT(M02 20 2020): I've written a bit of a rebuttal to my own post
|
||||||
[here](https://xeiaso.net/blog/i-was-wrong-about-nix-2020-02-10). I am
|
[here](https://christine.website/blog/i-was-wrong-about-nix-2020-02-10). I am
|
||||||
keeping this post up for posterity.
|
keeping this post up for posterity.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I don't really know how I feel about [Nix][nix]. It's a functional package
|
I don't really know how I feel about [Nix][nix]. It's a functional package
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: "Twitter, Mastodon and The Parable of rasengan"
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-04-25
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- twitter
|
|
||||||
- reaction
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So a lot of things happened today. The threat that Elon Musk made to
|
|
||||||
buy Twitter seems to have been true. As I write this, my current
|
|
||||||
understanding is that the Twitter board of directors is in the process
|
|
||||||
of accepting the offer that Elon Musk to buy the company.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">This was not on my bingo card
|
|
||||||
for 2022. I'm starting to think that I got a dud bingo card. I was
|
|
||||||
hoping that "Alien Invasion" would win out but it looks like that
|
|
||||||
won't be the case yet. Damn.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I genuinely have no idea how I should be reacting to this news. I
|
|
||||||
spend a lot of time on Twitter. It's a lot of how I talk with people,
|
|
||||||
network in the tech community and generally shitpost. I do so much
|
|
||||||
idle shitposting on Twitter that it would probably count for a lot of
|
|
||||||
the non-work written word I produce on a weekly basis.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'm really not sure what I feel about this, but the feelings that I am
|
|
||||||
getting remind me of [what happened to
|
|
||||||
freenode](/blog/series/freenode). A while ago someone I follow on
|
|
||||||
Twitter made a tweet that said something like:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Elon Musk is to Twitter as rasengan is to freenode
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">For context: rasengan is the
|
|
||||||
person that single-handedly destroyed freenode by apparently buying a
|
|
||||||
worthless holding company and then inciting a lot of
|
|
||||||
drama. For more information, check out the book Closed
|
|
||||||
Projects.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I have made my book [Closed
|
|
||||||
Projects](/blog/closed-projects-2022-03-24) free for the next week.
|
|
||||||
This contains my moods, reactions and emotions as I was processing
|
|
||||||
everything falling apart around me. I feel this may help you
|
|
||||||
understand the emotions that you get watching this shitshow unfold
|
|
||||||
with Twitter.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For a direct link to the sale page, click
|
|
||||||
[here](https://itch.io/s/69916/elon-bought-twitter-sale). I will
|
|
||||||
donate proceeds from this sale to charity. If you choose to send me a
|
|
||||||
couple bucks for my book, I will donate them to the [Orca
|
|
||||||
Conservancy](https://www.orcaconservancy.org/).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I am also on Mastodon at
|
|
||||||
[@cadey@pony.social](https://pony.social/@cadey). Should something
|
|
||||||
happen to Twitter such that I can't participate there anymore, I will
|
|
||||||
be on Mastodon. If Twitter really starts falling apart, I will
|
|
||||||
probably be a lot more active on Mastodon. And probably writing a lot
|
|
||||||
more.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Let's hope things turn out well.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ how things changed:
|
||||||
As of the time of writing this post, it is January third, 2020 and the roadmap
|
As of the time of writing this post, it is January third, 2020 and the roadmap
|
||||||
is apparently to release V 0.2 this month.
|
is apparently to release V 0.2 this month.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Let's see what's been fixed since [my last article](https://xeiaso.net/blog/v-vaporware-2019-06-23).
|
Let's see what's been fixed since [my last article](https://christine.website/blog/v-vaporware-2019-06-23).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Compile Speed
|
## Compile Speed
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ designing this, but I think the next character in my blog is going to be an
|
||||||
anthro snow leopard named Alicia. I want Alicia to be a beginner that is very
|
anthro snow leopard named Alicia. I want Alicia to be a beginner that is very
|
||||||
new to computer programming and other topics, which would then make Mara into
|
new to computer programming and other topics, which would then make Mara into
|
||||||
more of a teacher type. I may also introduce my own OC Cadey (the orca looking
|
more of a teacher type. I may also introduce my own OC Cadey (the orca looking
|
||||||
thing you can see [here](https://xeiaso.net/static/img/avatar_large.png)
|
thing you can see [here](https://christine.website/static/img/avatar_large.png)
|
||||||
or in the favicon of my site) into the mix to reply to these questions in
|
or in the favicon of my site) into the mix to reply to these questions in
|
||||||
something more close to the Socratic method.
|
something more close to the Socratic method.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Be well.
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Every so often I like to check in on the [V Programming Language][vlang]. It's been
|
Every so often I like to check in on the [V Programming Language][vlang]. It's been
|
||||||
about six months since [my last post](https://xeiaso.net/blog/v-vvork-in-progress-2020-01-03),
|
about six months since [my last post](https://christine.website/blog/v-vvork-in-progress-2020-01-03),
|
||||||
so I thought I'd take another look at it and see what progress has been done in six
|
so I thought I'd take another look at it and see what progress has been done in six
|
||||||
months.
|
months.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ job. TLS configuration is not its job. Its job is to run your code. Everything
|
||||||
else should just be provided by the system.
|
else should just be provided by the system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I wrote a
|
I wrote a
|
||||||
[blogpost](https://xeiaso.net/blog/land-1-syscalls-file-io-2018-06-18)
|
[blogpost](https://christine.website/blog/land-1-syscalls-file-io-2018-06-18)
|
||||||
about this work and even did a
|
about this work and even did a
|
||||||
[talk at GoCon
|
[talk at GoCon
|
||||||
Canada](https://xeiaso.net/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31)
|
Canada](https://christine.website/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31)
|
||||||
about it.
|
about it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And this worked for several months as I learned WebAssembly and started to
|
And this worked for several months as I learned WebAssembly and started to
|
||||||
|
|
@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ people understand low-level operating system development.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I've even written a few blogposts about Olin:
|
I've even written a few blogposts about Olin:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Olin: Why](https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018)
|
- [Olin: Why](https://christine.website/blog/olin-1-why-09-1-2018)
|
||||||
- [Olin: The Future](https://xeiaso.net/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018)
|
- [Olin: The Future](https://christine.website/blog/olin-2-the-future-09-5-2018)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But, this was great for running stuff interactively and via the command line. It
|
But, this was great for running stuff interactively and via the command line. It
|
||||||
left me wanting more. I wanted to have that mythical functions as a service
|
left me wanting more. I wanted to have that mythical functions as a service
|
||||||
|
|
@ -230,5 +230,5 @@ keep the dream alive!
|
||||||
[olincwa]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/tree/master/docs/cwa-spec
|
[olincwa]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/tree/master/docs/cwa-spec
|
||||||
[olincwarust]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/tree/master/cwa/olin
|
[olincwarust]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/tree/master/cwa/olin
|
||||||
[olincwatest]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/blob/master/cwa/tests/src/main.rs
|
[olincwatest]: https://github.com/Xe/olin/blob/master/cwa/tests/src/main.rs
|
||||||
[olintempleos]: https://xeiaso.net/blog/templeos-2-god-the-rng-2019-05-30
|
[olintempleos]: https://christine.website/blog/templeos-2-god-the-rng-2019-05-30
|
||||||
[wasmcloud]: https://tulpa.dev/within/wasmcloud
|
[wasmcloud]: https://tulpa.dev/within/wasmcloud
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,902 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: We Already Have Go 2
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-25
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- golang
|
|
||||||
- generics
|
|
||||||
- context
|
|
||||||
- modules
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I've been using Go since Go 1.4. Since I started using Go then (2014-2015 ish),
|
|
||||||
I’ve seen the language evolve significantly. The Go I write today is roughly the
|
|
||||||
same Go as the Go I wrote back when I was still learning the language, but the
|
|
||||||
toolchain has changed in ways that make it so much nicer in practice. Here are
|
|
||||||
the biggest things that changed how I use Go on a regular basis:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* The compiler rewrite in Go
|
|
||||||
* Go modules
|
|
||||||
* The context package
|
|
||||||
* Generics
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a good thing. Go has had a lot of people use it. My career would not
|
|
||||||
exist in its current form without Go. My time in the Go community has been
|
|
||||||
_catalytic_ to my career goals and it’s made me into the professional I am
|
|
||||||
today. Without having met the people I did in the Go slack, I would probably not
|
|
||||||
have gotten as lucky as I have as consistently as I have.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Releasing a "Go 2" has become a philosophical and political challenge due to the
|
|
||||||
forces that be. "Go 2" has kind of gotten the feeling of "this is never going to
|
|
||||||
happen, is it?" with how the political forces within and without the Go team are
|
|
||||||
functioning. They seem to have been incrementally releasing new features and
|
|
||||||
using version gating in `go.mod` to make it easier on people instead of a big
|
|
||||||
release with breaking changes all over the standard library.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is pretty great and I am well in favour of this approach, but with all of
|
|
||||||
the changes that have built up there really should be a Go 2 by this point. If
|
|
||||||
only to make no significant changes and tag what we have today as Go 2.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Take everything I say here with a grain
|
|
||||||
of salt the size of east Texas. I am not an expert in programming language
|
|
||||||
design and I do not pretend to be one on TV. I am also not a member of the Go
|
|
||||||
team nor do I pretend to be one or see myself becoming one in the
|
|
||||||
future.<br /><br />If you are on the Go team and think that something I said
|
|
||||||
here is demonstrably wrong, please [contact me](/contact) so I can correct it. I
|
|
||||||
have tried to contain my personal feelings or observations about things to these
|
|
||||||
conversation snippets.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a look back at the huge progress that has been made since Go 1 released
|
|
||||||
and what I'd consider to be the headline features of Go 2.
|
|
||||||
This is a whirlwind tour of the huge progress in improvement to the Go compiler,
|
|
||||||
toolchain, and standard library, including what I'd consider to be the headline
|
|
||||||
features of Go 2. I highly encourage you read this fairly large post in chunks
|
|
||||||
because it will feel like _a lot_ if you read it all at once.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## The Compiler Rewrite in Go
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When the Go compiler was first written, it was written in C because the core Go
|
|
||||||
team has a background in Plan 9 and C was its lingua franca. However as a result
|
|
||||||
of either it being written in C or the design around all the tools it was
|
|
||||||
shelling out to, it wasn’t easy to cross compile Go programs. If you were
|
|
||||||
building windows programs on a Mac you needed to do a separate install of Go
|
|
||||||
from source with other targets enabled. This worked, but it wasn’t the default
|
|
||||||
and eventually the Go compiler rewrite in Go changed this so that Go could cross
|
|
||||||
compile natively with no extra effort required.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">This has been such an amazingly productive
|
|
||||||
part of the Go toolchain that I was shocked that Go didn’t have this out of the
|
|
||||||
gate at version 1. Most people that use Go today don’t know that there was a
|
|
||||||
point where Go didn’t have the easy to use cross-compiling superpower it
|
|
||||||
currently has, and I think that is a more sure marker of success than anything
|
|
||||||
else.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">The cross compliation powers are why
|
|
||||||
Tailscale uses Go so extensively throughout its core product. Every Tailscale
|
|
||||||
client is built on the same Go source tree and everything is in lockstep with
|
|
||||||
eachother, provided people actually update their apps. This kind of thing would
|
|
||||||
be at the least impossible or at the most very difficult in other languages like
|
|
||||||
Rust or C++.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This one feature is probably at the heart of more CI flows, debian package
|
|
||||||
releases and other workflows than we can know. It's really hard to understate
|
|
||||||
how simple this kind of thing makes distributing software for other
|
|
||||||
architectures, especially given that macOS has just switched over to aarch64
|
|
||||||
CPUs.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Having the compiler be self-hosting does end up causing a minor amount of
|
|
||||||
grief for people wanting to bootstrap a Go compiler from absolute source code
|
|
||||||
on a new Linux distribtion (and slightly more after the minimum Go compiler
|
|
||||||
version to compile Go will be raised to Go 1.17 with the release of Go 1.19
|
|
||||||
in about 6 months from the time of this post being written). This isn't too
|
|
||||||
big of a practical issue given how fast the compiler builds, but it is a
|
|
||||||
nonzero amount of work. The bootstrapping can be made simpler with
|
|
||||||
[gccgo](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccgo/), a GCC frontend that is mostly
|
|
||||||
compatible with the semantics and user experience of the Go compiler that
|
|
||||||
Google makes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Another key thing porting the compiler to Go unlocks is the ability to compile
|
|
||||||
Go packages in parallel. Back when the compiler was written in C, the main point
|
|
||||||
of parallelism was the fact that each Go package was compiled in parallel. This
|
|
||||||
lead to people splitting up bigger packages into smaller sub-packages in order
|
|
||||||
to speedhack the compiler. Having the compiler be written in Go means that the
|
|
||||||
compiler can take advantage of Go features like its dead-simple concurrency
|
|
||||||
primitives to spread the load out across all the cores on the machine.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">The Go compiler is fast sure, but
|
|
||||||
over a certain point having each package be compiled in a single-threaded manner
|
|
||||||
adds up and can make build times slow. This was a lot worse when things like the
|
|
||||||
AWS, GCP and Kubernetes client libraries had everything in one big package.
|
|
||||||
Building those packages could take minutes, which is very long in Go
|
|
||||||
time.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Go Modules
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Go's dependency model, you have a folder that contains all your Go code
|
|
||||||
called the `GOPATH`. The `GOPATH` has a few top level folders that have a
|
|
||||||
well-known meaning in the Go ecosystem:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* bin: binary files made by `go install` or `go get` go here
|
|
||||||
* pkg: intermediate compiler state goes here
|
|
||||||
* src: Go packages go here
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`GOPATH` has one major advantage: it is ruthlessly easy to understand the
|
|
||||||
correlation between the packages you import in your code to their locations on
|
|
||||||
disk.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you need to see what `within.website/ln` is doing, you go to
|
|
||||||
`GOPATH/src/within.website/ln`. The files you are looking for are somewhere in
|
|
||||||
there. You don’t have to really understand how the package manager works (mostly
|
|
||||||
because there isn’t one). If you want to hack something up you just go to the
|
|
||||||
folder and add the changes you want to see.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can delete all of the intermediate compiler state easily in one fell swoop.
|
|
||||||
Just delete the `pkg` folder and poof, it’s all gone. This was great when you
|
|
||||||
needed to free up a bunch of disk space really quickly because over months the
|
|
||||||
small amount of incremental compiler state can really add up.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Go compiler would fetch any missing packages from the internet at build time
|
|
||||||
so things Just Worked™️. This makes it utterly trivial to check out a project and
|
|
||||||
then build/run it. That combined with `go get` to automatically just figure
|
|
||||||
things out and install them made installing programs written in Go so easy that
|
|
||||||
it’s almost magic. This combined with Go's preference for making static binaries
|
|
||||||
as much as possible meant that even if the user didn't have Go installed you could
|
|
||||||
easily make a package to hand off to your users.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The GOPATH was conceptually simple to reason about. Go code goes in the GOPATH. The
|
|
||||||
best place for it was in the GOPATH. There's no reason to put it anywhere else.
|
|
||||||
Everything was organized into its place and it was lovely.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This wasn’t perfect though. There were notable flaws in this setup that were
|
|
||||||
easy to run into in practice:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* There wasn't a good way to make sure that everyone was using the _same copies_
|
|
||||||
of every library. People did add vendoring tools later to check that everyone
|
|
||||||
was using the same copies of every package, but this also introduced problems
|
|
||||||
when one project used one version of a dependency and another project used
|
|
||||||
another in ways that were mutually incompatible.
|
|
||||||
* The process to get the newest version of a dependency was to grab the latest
|
|
||||||
commit off of the default branch of that git repo. There was support for SVN,
|
|
||||||
mercurial and fossil, but in practice Git was the most used one so it’s almost
|
|
||||||
not worth mentioning the other version control systems. This also left you at
|
|
||||||
the mercy of other random people having good code security sense and required
|
|
||||||
you to audit your dependencies, but this is fairly standard across ecosystems.
|
|
||||||
* Dependency names were case sensitive on Linux but not on Windows or macOS.
|
|
||||||
Arguably this is a "Windows and macOS are broken for backwards compatibility
|
|
||||||
reasons" thing, but this did bite me at random times without warning.
|
|
||||||
* If the wrong random people deleted their GitHub repos, there's a chance your
|
|
||||||
builds could break unless your GOPATH had the packages in it already. Then you
|
|
||||||
could share that with your coworkers or the build machine somehow, maybe even
|
|
||||||
upload those packages to a git repository to soft-fork it.
|
|
||||||
* The default location for the GOPATH created a folder in your home directory.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Yeah, yeah, this default was added later
|
|
||||||
but still people complained about having to put the GOPATH somewhere at first.
|
|
||||||
Having to choose a place to put all the Go code they would use seemed like a big
|
|
||||||
choice that people really wanted solid guidance and defaults on. After a while
|
|
||||||
they changed this to default to `~/go` (with an easy to use command to influence
|
|
||||||
the defaults without having to set an environment variable). I don't personally
|
|
||||||
understand the arguments people have for wanting to keep their home directory
|
|
||||||
"clean", but their preferences are valid regardless.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Overall I think GOPATH was a net good thing for Go. It had its downsides, but as
|
|
||||||
far as these things go it was a very opinionated place to start from. This is
|
|
||||||
something typical to Go (much to people's arguments), but the main thing that it
|
|
||||||
focused on was making Go conceptually simple. There's not a lot going on there.
|
|
||||||
You have code in the folder and then that's where the Go compiler looks for
|
|
||||||
other code. It's a very lightweight approach to things that a lot of other
|
|
||||||
languages could learn a lot from. It's great for monorepos because it basically
|
|
||||||
treats all your Go code as one big monorepo. So many other languages don’t
|
|
||||||
really translate well to working in a monorepo context like Go does.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Vendoring
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That making sure everyone had the same versions of everything problem ended up
|
|
||||||
becoming a big problem in practice. I'm assuming that the original intent of the
|
|
||||||
GOPATH was to be similar to how Google's internal monorepo worked, where
|
|
||||||
everyone clones and deals with the entire GOPATH in source control. You'd then
|
|
||||||
have to do GOPATH juggling between monorepos, but the intent was to have
|
|
||||||
everything in one big monorepo anyways, so this wasn't thought of as much of a
|
|
||||||
big deal in practice. It turns out that people in fact did not want to treat Go
|
|
||||||
code this way, in practice this conflicted with the dependency model that Go
|
|
||||||
encouraged people to use with how people consume libraries from GitHub or other
|
|
||||||
such repository hosting sites.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The main disconnect between importing from a GOPATH monorepo and a Go library
|
|
||||||
off of GitHub is that when you import from a monorepo with a GOPATH in it, you
|
|
||||||
need to be sure to import the repository path and not the path used inside the
|
|
||||||
repository. This sounds weird but this means you'd import
|
|
||||||
`github.com/Xe/x/src/github.com/Xe/x/markov` instead of
|
|
||||||
`github.com/Xe/x/markov`. This means that things need to be extracted _out of_
|
|
||||||
monorepos and reformatted into "flat" repos so that you can only grab the one
|
|
||||||
package you need. This became tedious in practice.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Go 1.5 (the one where they rewrote the compiler in Go) they added support for
|
|
||||||
[vendoring code into your
|
|
||||||
repo](https://medium.com/@freeformz/go-1-5-s-vendor-experiment-fd3e830f52c3).
|
|
||||||
The idea here was to make it easy to get closer to the model that the Go authors
|
|
||||||
envisioned for how people should use Go. Go code should all be in one big happy
|
|
||||||
repo and everything should have its place in your GOPATH. This combined with
|
|
||||||
other tools people made allowed you to vendor all of your dependencies into a
|
|
||||||
`vendor` folder and then you could do whatever you wanted from there.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the big advantages of the `vendor` folder was that you could clone your
|
|
||||||
git repo, create a new process namespace and then run tests without a network
|
|
||||||
stack. Everything would work offline and you wouldn't have to worry about
|
|
||||||
external state leaking in. Not to mention removing the angle of someone deleting
|
|
||||||
their GitHub repos causing a huge problem for your builds.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">Save tests that require internet access or
|
|
||||||
a database engine!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This worked for a very long time. People were able to vendor their code into
|
|
||||||
their repos and everything was better for people using Go. However the most
|
|
||||||
critical oversight with the `vendor` folder approach was that the Go team didn't
|
|
||||||
create an official tool to manage that `vendor` folder. They wanted to let tools
|
|
||||||
like `godep` and `glide` handle that. This is kind of a reasonable take, Go
|
|
||||||
comes from a very Google culture where this kind of problem doesn't happen, so
|
|
||||||
as a result they probably won't be able to come up with something that meets the
|
|
||||||
needs of the outside world very easily.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">I can't speak for how `godep` or `glide`
|
|
||||||
works, I never really used them enough to have a solid opinion. I do remember
|
|
||||||
using [`vendor`](https://github.com/bmizerany/vendor) in my own projects though.
|
|
||||||
That had no real dependency resolution algorithm to speak of because it assumed
|
|
||||||
that you had everything working locally when you vendored the code.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### `dep`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After a while the Go team worked with people in the community to come up with an
|
|
||||||
"official experiment" in tracking dependencies called `dep`. `dep` was a tool
|
|
||||||
that used some more fancy computer science maths to help developers declare
|
|
||||||
dependencies for projects in a way like you do in other ecosystems. When `dep`
|
|
||||||
was done thinking, it emitted a bunch of files in `vendor` and a lockfile in
|
|
||||||
your repository. This worked really well and when I was working at Heroku this
|
|
||||||
was basically our butter and bread for how to deal with Go code.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">It probably helped that my manager was on
|
|
||||||
the team that wrote `dep`.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the biggest advantages of `dep` over other tools was the way that it
|
|
||||||
solved versioning. It worked by having each package declare
|
|
||||||
[constraints](https://golang.github.io/dep/docs/the-solver.html) in the ranges
|
|
||||||
of versions that everything requires. This allowed it to do some fancy
|
|
||||||
dependency resolution math similar to how the solvers in `npm` or `cargo` work.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This worked fantastically in the 99% case. There were some fairly easy to
|
|
||||||
accidentally get yourself in cases where you could make the solver loop
|
|
||||||
infinitely though, as well as ending up in a state where you have mutually
|
|
||||||
incompatible transient dependencies without any real way around it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">`npm` and `cargo` work around this by
|
|
||||||
letting you use multiple versions of a single dependency in a
|
|
||||||
project.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However these cases were really really rare, only appearing in much, much larger
|
|
||||||
repositories. I don't think I practically ran into this, but I'm sure someone
|
|
||||||
reading this right now found themselves in `dep` hell and probably has a hell of
|
|
||||||
a war story around it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### vgo and Modules
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This lead the Go team to come up with a middle path between the unrestricted
|
|
||||||
madness of GOPATH and something more maximal like `dep`. They eventually called
|
|
||||||
this Go modules and the core reasons for it are outlined in [this series of
|
|
||||||
technical posts](https://research.swtch.com/vgo).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">These posts are a very good read and I'd
|
|
||||||
highly suggest reading them if you've never seem then before. It outlines the
|
|
||||||
problem space and the justification for the choices that Go modules ended up
|
|
||||||
using. I don't agree with all of what is said there, but overall it's well
|
|
||||||
worth reading at least once if you want to get an idea of the inspirations
|
|
||||||
that lead to Go modules.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Apparently the development of Go modules came out as a complete surprise,
|
|
||||||
even to the core developer team of `dep`. I'm fairly sure this lead my
|
|
||||||
manager to take up woodworking as his main non work side hobby, I can only
|
|
||||||
wonder about the kind of resentment this created for other parts of the
|
|
||||||
`dep` team. They were under the impression that `dep` was going to be the
|
|
||||||
future of the ecosystem (likely under the subcommand `go dep`) and then had
|
|
||||||
the rug pulled out from under their feet.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">The `dep` team was as close as we've
|
|
||||||
gotten for having people in the _actual industry_ using Go _in production_
|
|
||||||
outside of Google having a real voice in how Go is used in the real world. I
|
|
||||||
fear that we will never have this kind of thing happen again.<br /><br />It's
|
|
||||||
also worth noting that the fallout of this lead to the core `dep` team leaving
|
|
||||||
the Go community.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">Well, Google has to be using Go modules in
|
|
||||||
their monorepo, right? If that's the official build system for Go it makes sense
|
|
||||||
that they'd be dogfooding it hard enough that they'd need to use the tool in the
|
|
||||||
same way that everyone else did.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">lol nope. They use an overcomplicated
|
|
||||||
bazel/blaze abomination that has developed in parallel to their NIH'd source
|
|
||||||
control server. Google doesn't have to deal with the downsides of Go modules
|
|
||||||
unless it's in a project like Kubernetes. It's easy to imagine that they just
|
|
||||||
don't have the same problems that everyone else does due to how weird Google
|
|
||||||
prod is. Google only has problems that Google has, and statistically your
|
|
||||||
company is NOT Google.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Go modules does solve one very critical problem for the Go ecosystem though: it
|
|
||||||
allows you to have the equivalent of the GOPATH but with multiple versions of
|
|
||||||
dependencies in it. It allows you to have `within.website/ln@v0.7` and
|
|
||||||
`within.website/ln@0.9` as dependencies for _two different projects_ without
|
|
||||||
having to vendor source code or do advanced GOPATH manipulation between
|
|
||||||
projects. It also adds cryptographic checksumming for each Go module that you
|
|
||||||
download from the internet, so that you can be sure the code wasn't tampered
|
|
||||||
with in-flight. They also created a cryptographic checksum comparison server so
|
|
||||||
that you could ask a third party to validate what it thinks the checksum is so
|
|
||||||
you can be sure that the code isn't tampered with on the maintainer's side. This
|
|
||||||
also allows you to avoid having to shell out to `git` every time you fetch a
|
|
||||||
module that someone else has fetched before. Companies could run their own Go
|
|
||||||
module proxy and then use that to provide offline access to Go code fetched from
|
|
||||||
the internet.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">Wait, couldn't this allow Google to see the
|
|
||||||
source code of all of your Go dependencies? How would this intersect with
|
|
||||||
private repositories that shouldn't ever be on anything but work
|
|
||||||
machines?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Yeah, this was one of the big privacy
|
|
||||||
disadvantages out of the gate with Go modules. I think that in practice the
|
|
||||||
disadvantages are limited, but still the fact that it defaults to phoning home
|
|
||||||
to Google every time you run a Go build without all the dependencies present
|
|
||||||
locally is kind of questionable. They did make up for this with the checksum
|
|
||||||
verification database a little, but it's still kinda sus.<br /><br />I'm not
|
|
||||||
aware of any companies I've worked at running their own internal Go module
|
|
||||||
caching servers, but I ran my own for a very long time.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The earliest version of Go modules basically was a glorified `vendor` folder
|
|
||||||
manager named `vgo`. This worked out amazingly well and probably made
|
|
||||||
prototyping this a hell of a lot easier. This worked well enough that we used
|
|
||||||
this in production for many services at Heroku. We had no real issues with it
|
|
||||||
and most of the friction was with the fact that most of the existing ecosystem
|
|
||||||
had already been using `dep` or `glide`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">There was a bit of interoperability glue
|
|
||||||
that allowed `vgo` to parse the dependency definitions in `dep`, `godep` and
|
|
||||||
`glide`. This still exists today and helps `go mod init` tell what dependencies
|
|
||||||
to import into the Go module to aid migration.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If they had shipped this in prod, it probably would have been a huge success. It
|
|
||||||
would also let people continue to use `dep`, `glide` and `godep`, but just doing
|
|
||||||
that would also leave the ecosystem kinda fragmented. You’d need to have code
|
|
||||||
for all 4 version management systems to parse their configuration files and
|
|
||||||
implement algorithms that would be compatible with the semantics of all of them.
|
|
||||||
It would work and the Go team is definitely smart enough to do it, but in
|
|
||||||
practice it would be a huge mess.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This also solved the case-insensitive filesystem problem with
|
|
||||||
[bang-casing](https://go.dev/ref/mod#goproxy-protocol). This allows them to
|
|
||||||
encode the capital letters in a path in a way that works on macOS and Windows
|
|
||||||
without having to worry about horrifying hacks that are only really in place for
|
|
||||||
Photoshop to keep working.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### The Subtle Problem of `v2`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However one of the bigger downsides that came with Go modules is what I've been
|
|
||||||
calling the "v2 landmine" that Semantic Import Versioning gives you. One of the
|
|
||||||
very earliest bits of Go advice was to make the import paths for version 1 of a
|
|
||||||
project and version 2 of a project different so that people can mix the two to
|
|
||||||
allow more graceful upgrading across a larger project. Semantic Import
|
|
||||||
Versioning enforces this at the toolchain level, which means that it can be the
|
|
||||||
gate between compiling your code or not.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Many people have been telling me that
|
|
||||||
I’m kind of off base for thinking that this is a landmine for people, but I am
|
|
||||||
using the term “landmine” to talk about this because I feel like it reflects the
|
|
||||||
rough edges of unexpectedly encountering this in the wild. It kinda feels like
|
|
||||||
you stepped on a landmine.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">It's also worth noting that the protobuf
|
|
||||||
team didn't use major version 2 when making an API breaking change. They
|
|
||||||
defended this by saying that they are changing the import path away from GitHub,
|
|
||||||
but it feels like they wanted to avoid the v2 problem.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The core of this is that when you create major version 2 of a Go project, you
|
|
||||||
need to adjust all your import paths everywhere in that project to import the
|
|
||||||
`v2` of that package or you will silently import the `v1` version of that
|
|
||||||
package. This can end up making large projects create circular dependencies on
|
|
||||||
themselves, which is quite confusing in practice. When consumers are aware of
|
|
||||||
this, then they can use that to more gradually upgrade larger codebases to the
|
|
||||||
next major version of a Go module, which will allow for smaller refactors.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This also applies to consumers. Given that this kind of thing is something that
|
|
||||||
you only do in Go it can come out of left field. The go router
|
|
||||||
[github.com/go-chi/chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi/issues/462) tried doing
|
|
||||||
modules in the past and found that it lead to confusing users. Conveniently they
|
|
||||||
only really found this out after the Go modules design was considered final and
|
|
||||||
Semantic Import Versioning has always been a part of Go modules and the Go team
|
|
||||||
is now refusing to budge on this.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">My suggestion to people is to never
|
|
||||||
release a version `1.x.x` of a Go project to avoid the "v2 landmine". The Go
|
|
||||||
team claims that the right bit of tooling can help ease the pain, but this
|
|
||||||
tooling never really made it out into the public. I bet it works great inside
|
|
||||||
Google's internal monorepo though!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When you were upgrading a Go project that already hit major version 2 or
|
|
||||||
higher to Go modules, adopting Go modules forced maintainers to make another
|
|
||||||
major version bump because it would break all of the import paths for every
|
|
||||||
package in the module. This caused some maintainers to meet Go modules with
|
|
||||||
resistance to avoid confusing their consumers. The workarounds for people that
|
|
||||||
still used GOPATH using upstream code with Semantic Import Versioning in it
|
|
||||||
were also kind of annoying at first until the Go team added "minimal module
|
|
||||||
awareness" to GOPATH mode. Then it was fine.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">It feels like you are overly focusing on the
|
|
||||||
`v2` problem. It can't really be that bad, can it? `grpc-gateway` updated to v2
|
|
||||||
without any major issues. What's a real-world example of this?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">The situation with
|
|
||||||
[github.com/gofrs/uuid](https://github.com/gofrs/uuid/issues/61) was heckin'
|
|
||||||
bad. Arguably it's a teething issue as the ecosystem was still moving to the new
|
|
||||||
modules situation, but it was especially bad for projects that were already at
|
|
||||||
major version 2 or higher because adding Go modules support meant that they
|
|
||||||
needed to update the major version just for Go modules. This was a tough sell
|
|
||||||
and rightly so.<br /><br />This was claimed to be made a non-issue by the right
|
|
||||||
application of tooling on the side, but this tooling was either never developed
|
|
||||||
or not released to us mere mortals outside of Google. Even with automated
|
|
||||||
tooling this can still lead to massive diffs that are a huge pain to review,
|
|
||||||
even if the only thing that is changed is the version number in every import of
|
|
||||||
every package in that module. This was even worse for things that have C
|
|
||||||
dependencies, as if you didn't update it everywhere in your dependency chain you
|
|
||||||
could have two versions of the same C functions try to be linked in and this
|
|
||||||
really just does not work.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Overall though, Go modules has been a net positive for the community and for
|
|
||||||
people wanting to create reliable software in Go. It’s just such a big semantics
|
|
||||||
break in how the toolchain works that I almost think it would have been easier
|
|
||||||
for the to accept if _that_ was Go 2. Especially since the semantic of how the
|
|
||||||
toolchain worked changed so much.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hmm">Wait, doesn’t the Go compiler have a
|
|
||||||
backwards compatibility promise that any code built with Go 1.x works on go
|
|
||||||
1.(x+1)?</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">Yes, but that only applies to _code you
|
|
||||||
write_, not _semantics of the toolchain_ itself. On one hand this makes a lot of
|
|
||||||
sense and on the other it feels like a cop-out. The changes in how `go get` now
|
|
||||||
refers to adding dependencies to a project and `go install` now installs a
|
|
||||||
binary to the system have made an entire half decade of tool installation
|
|
||||||
documentation obsolete. It’s understandable why they want to make that change,
|
|
||||||
but the way that it broke people’s muscle memory is [quite frustrating for
|
|
||||||
users](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/40276#issuecomment-1109797059) that
|
|
||||||
aren’t keeping on top of every single change in semantics of toolchains (this
|
|
||||||
bites me constantly when I need to quick and dirty grab something outside of a
|
|
||||||
Nix package). I understand _why_ this isn’t a breaking change as far as the
|
|
||||||
compatibility promise but this feels like a cop-out in my subjective
|
|
||||||
opinion.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Contexts
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of Go’s major features is its co-operative threading system that it calls
|
|
||||||
goroutines. Goroutines are kinda like coroutines that are scheduled by the
|
|
||||||
scheduler. However there is no easy way to "kill" a goroutine. You have to add
|
|
||||||
something to the invocation of the goroutine that lets you signal it to stop and
|
|
||||||
then opt-in the goroutine to stop.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Without contexts you would need to do all of this legwork manually. Every
|
|
||||||
project from the time before contexts still shows signs of this. The best
|
|
||||||
practice was to make a "stop" channel like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
stop := make(chan struct{})
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then you'd send a cancellation signal like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
stop <- struct{}{}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">The type `struct{}` is an anonymous
|
|
||||||
structure value that takes 0 bytes in ram. It was suggested to use this as your
|
|
||||||
stopping signal to avoid unneeded memory allocations. A `bool` needs one whole
|
|
||||||
machine word, which can be up to 64 bits of ram. In practice the compiler can
|
|
||||||
smoosh multiple bools in a struct together into one place in ram, but when
|
|
||||||
sending these values over a channel like this you can't really cheat that
|
|
||||||
way.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This did work and was the heart of many event loops, but the main problem with
|
|
||||||
it is that the signal was only sent _once_. Many other people also followed up
|
|
||||||
the stop signal by closing the channel:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
close(stop)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However with naĂŻve stopping logic the closed channel would successfully fire a
|
|
||||||
zero value of the event. So code like this would still work the way you wanted:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
select {
|
|
||||||
case <- stop:
|
|
||||||
haltAndCatchFire()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Package `context`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However if your stop channel was a `chan bool` and you relied on the `bool`
|
|
||||||
value being `true`, this would fail because the value would be `false`. This
|
|
||||||
was a bit too brittle for comfortable widespread production use and we ended
|
|
||||||
up with the [context](https://pkg.go.dev/context) package in the standard
|
|
||||||
library. A Go context lets you more easily and uniformly handle timeouts and
|
|
||||||
giving up when there is no more work to be done.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This started as something that existed
|
|
||||||
inside the Google monorepo that escaped out into the world. They also claim to
|
|
||||||
have an internal tool that makes
|
|
||||||
[`context.TODO()`](https://pkg.go.dev/context#TODO) useful (probably by showing
|
|
||||||
you the callsites above that function?), but they never released that tool as
|
|
||||||
open source so it’s difficult to know where to use it without that added
|
|
||||||
context.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the most basic examples of using contexts comes when you are trying to
|
|
||||||
stop something from continuing. If you have something that constantly writes
|
|
||||||
data to clients such as a pub-sub queue, you probably want to stop writing data
|
|
||||||
to them when the client disconnects. If you have a large number of HTTP requests
|
|
||||||
to do and only so many workers can make outstanding requests at once, you
|
|
||||||
want to be able to set a timeout so that after a certain amount of time it gives
|
|
||||||
up.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here's an example of using a context in an event processing loop (of course while
|
|
||||||
pretending that fetching the current time is anything else that isn't a contrived
|
|
||||||
example to show this concept off):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
t := time.NewTicker(30 * time.Second)
|
|
||||||
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
|
|
||||||
defer cancel()
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for {
|
|
||||||
select {
|
|
||||||
case <- ctx.Done():
|
|
||||||
log.Printf("not doing anything more: %v", ctx.Err())
|
|
||||||
return
|
|
||||||
case data := <- t.C:
|
|
||||||
log.Printf("got data: %s", data)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This will have the Go runtime select between two channels, one of them will
|
|
||||||
emit the current time every 30 seconds and the other will fire when the
|
|
||||||
`cancel` function is called.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">Don't worry, you can call the `cancel()`
|
|
||||||
function multiple times without any issues. Any additional calls will not do
|
|
||||||
anything special.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to set a timeout on this (so that the function only tries to run
|
|
||||||
for 5 minutes), you'd want to change the second line of that example to this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5 * time.Minute)
|
|
||||||
defer cancel()
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">You should always `defer cancel()` unless
|
|
||||||
you can prove that it is called elsewhere. If you don't do this you can leak
|
|
||||||
goroutines that will dutifully try to do their job potentially forever without
|
|
||||||
any ability to stop them.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The context will be automatically cancelled after 5 minutes. You can cancel it
|
|
||||||
sooner by calling the `cancel()` function should you need to. Anything else in
|
|
||||||
the stack that is context-aware will automatically cancel as well as the
|
|
||||||
cancellation signal percolates down the stack and across goroutines.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can attach this to an HTTP request by using
|
|
||||||
[`http.NewRequestWithContext`](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#NewRequestWithContext):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "https://xeiaso.net/.within/health", nil)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then when you execute the request (such as with `http.DefaultClient.Do(req)`)
|
|
||||||
the context will automatically be cancelled if it takes too long to fetch the
|
|
||||||
response.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can also wire this up to the `Control-c` signal using a bit of code
|
|
||||||
[like this](https://medium.com/@matryer/make-ctrl-c-cancel-the-context-context-bd006a8ad6ff).
|
|
||||||
Context cancellation propagates upwards, so you can use this to ensure that things
|
|
||||||
get stopped properly.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">Be sure to avoid creating a "god context"
|
|
||||||
across your entire app. This is a known anti-pattern and this pattern should only
|
|
||||||
be used for small command line tools that have an expected run time in the minutes
|
|
||||||
at worst, not hours like production bearing services.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a huge benefit to the language because of how disjointed the process of
|
|
||||||
doing this before contexts was. Because this wasn’t in the core of the language,
|
|
||||||
every single implementation was different and required learning what the library
|
|
||||||
did. Not to mention adapting between libraries could be brittle at best and
|
|
||||||
confusing at worst.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I understand why they put data into the context type, but in practice I really
|
|
||||||
wish they didn’t do that. This feature has been abused a lot in my experience.
|
|
||||||
At Heroku a few of our production load bearing services used contexts as a
|
|
||||||
dependency injection framework. This did work, but it turned a lot of things
|
|
||||||
that would normally be compile time errors into runtime errors.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">I say this as someone who maintains a
|
|
||||||
library that uses contexts to store [contextually relevant log
|
|
||||||
fields](https://pkg.go.dev/within.website/ln) as a way to make logs easier to
|
|
||||||
correlate between.<br /><br />Arguably you could make the case that people are misusing the
|
|
||||||
tool and of course this is what will happen when you do that but I don't know if
|
|
||||||
this is really the right thing to tell people.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I wish contexts were in the core of the language from the beginning. I know that
|
|
||||||
it is difficult to do this in practice (especially on all the targets that Go
|
|
||||||
supports), but having cancellable syscalls would be so cool. It would also be
|
|
||||||
really neat if contexts could be goroutine-level globals so you didn’t have to
|
|
||||||
"pollute" the callsites of every function with them.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="coffee">At the time contexts were introduced,
|
|
||||||
one of the major arguments I remember hearing against them was that contexts
|
|
||||||
"polluted" their function definitions and callsites. I can't disagree with this
|
|
||||||
sentiment, at some level it really does look like contexts propagate "virally"
|
|
||||||
throughout a codebase.<br /><br />I think that the net improvements to
|
|
||||||
reliability and understandability of how things get stopped do make up for this
|
|
||||||
though. Instead of a bunch of separate ways to cancel work in each individual
|
|
||||||
library you have the best practice in the standard library. Having contexts
|
|
||||||
around makes it a lot harder to "leak" goroutines on accident.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Generics
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the biggest ticket items that Go has added is "generic types", or being
|
|
||||||
able to accept types as parameters for other types. This is really a huge ticket
|
|
||||||
item and I feel that in order to understand _why_ this is a huge change I need
|
|
||||||
to cover the context behind what you had before generics were added to the
|
|
||||||
language.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One of the major standout features of Go is interface types. They are like Rust
|
|
||||||
Traits, Java Interfaces, or Haskell Typeclasses; but the main difference is that
|
|
||||||
interface types are _implicit_ rather than explicit. When you want to meet the
|
|
||||||
signature of an interface, all you need to do is implement the contract that the
|
|
||||||
interface spells out. So if you have an interface like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Quacker interface {
|
|
||||||
Quack()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
You can make a type like `Duck` a `Quacker` by defining the `Duck` type and a
|
|
||||||
`Quack` method like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Duck struct{}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (Duck) Quack() { fmt.Println("Quack!") }
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But this is not limited to just `Ducks`, you could easily make a `Sheep` a
|
|
||||||
`Quacker` fairly easily:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
type Sheep struct{}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func (Sheep) Quack() { fmt.Println("*confused sheep noises*") }
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This allows you to deal with expected _behaviors_ of types rather than having to
|
|
||||||
have versions of functions for every concrete implementation of them. If you
|
|
||||||
want to read from a file, network socket, `tar` archive, `zip` archive, the
|
|
||||||
decrypted form of an encrypted stream, a TLS socket, or a HTTP/2 stream they're
|
|
||||||
all [`io.Reader`](https://pkg.go.dev/io#Reader) instances. With the example
|
|
||||||
above we can make a function that takes a `Quacker` and then does something with
|
|
||||||
it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func main() {
|
|
||||||
duck := Duck{}
|
|
||||||
sheep := Sheep{}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
doSomething(duck)
|
|
||||||
doSomething(sheep)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
func doSomething(q Quacker) {
|
|
||||||
q.Quack()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">If you want to play with this example,
|
|
||||||
check it out on the Go playground [here](https://go.dev/play/p/INK8O2O-D01). Try
|
|
||||||
to make a slice of Quackers and pass it to `doSomething`!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can also embed interfaces into other interfaces, which will let you create
|
|
||||||
composite interfaces that assert multiple behaviours at once. For example,
|
|
||||||
consider [`io.ReadWriteCloser`](https://pkg.go.dev/io#ReadWriteCloser). Any
|
|
||||||
value that matches an `io.Reader`, `io.Writer` and an `io.Closer` will be able
|
|
||||||
to be treated as an `io.ReadWriteCloser`. This allows you to assert a lot of
|
|
||||||
behaviour about types even though the actual underlying types are opaque to you.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This means it’s easy to split up a [`net.Conn`](https://pkg.go.dev/net#Conn)
|
|
||||||
into its reader half and its writer half without really thinking about
|
|
||||||
it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
conn, _ := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:42069")
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
var reader io.Reader = conn
|
|
||||||
var writer io.Writer = conn
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then you can pass the writer side off to one function and the reader side
|
|
||||||
off to another.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There’s also a bunch of room for "type-level middleware" like
|
|
||||||
[`io.LimitReader`](https://pkg.go.dev/io#LimitReader). This allows you to set
|
|
||||||
constraints or details around an interface type while still meeting the contract
|
|
||||||
for that interface, such as an `io.Reader` that doesn’t let you read too much,
|
|
||||||
an `io.Writer` that automatically encrypts everything you feed It with TLS, or
|
|
||||||
even something like sending data over a Unix socket instead of a TCP one. If it
|
|
||||||
fits the shape of the interface, it Just Works.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, this falls apart when you want to deal with a collection of _only one_
|
|
||||||
type that meets an interface at once. When you create a slice of `Quacker`s and
|
|
||||||
pass it to a function, you can put both `Duck`s and `Sheep` into that slice:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
quackers := []Quacker{
|
|
||||||
Duck{},
|
|
||||||
Sheep{},
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
doSomething(quackers)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to assert that every `Quacker` is the same type, you have to do some
|
|
||||||
fairly brittle things that step around Go's type safety like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func doSomething(qs []Quacker) error {
|
|
||||||
// Store the name of the type of first Quacker.
|
|
||||||
// We have to use the name `typ` because `type` is
|
|
||||||
// a reserved keyword.
|
|
||||||
typ := fmt.Sprintf("%T", qs[0])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for i, q := range qs {
|
|
||||||
if qType := fmt.Sprintf("%T", q); qType != typ {
|
|
||||||
return fmt.Errorf("slice value %d was type %s, wanted: %s", qType, typ)
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
q.Quack()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return nil
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This would explode at runtime. This same kind of weakness is basically the main
|
|
||||||
reason why the Go standard library package [`container`](https://pkg.go.dev/container)
|
|
||||||
is mostly unused. Everything in the `container` package deals with
|
|
||||||
`interface{}`/`any` values, which is Go for "literally anything". This means
|
|
||||||
that without careful wrapper code you need to either make interfaces around
|
|
||||||
everything in your lists (and then pay the cost of boxing everything in an
|
|
||||||
interface, which adds up a lot in practice in more ways than you'd think) or
|
|
||||||
have to type-assert anything going into or coming out of the list, combined
|
|
||||||
with having to pay super close attention to anything touching that code
|
|
||||||
during reviews.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">Don't get me wrong, interface types
|
|
||||||
are an _amazing_ standout feature of Go. They are one of the main reasons that
|
|
||||||
Go code is so easy to reason about and work with. You don't have to worry
|
|
||||||
about the entire tree of stuff that a value is made out of, you can just
|
|
||||||
assert that values have behaviors and then you're off to the races. I end up
|
|
||||||
missing the brutal simplicity of Go interfaces in other languages like Rust.
|
|
||||||
</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Introducing Go Generics
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Go 1.18, support for adding types as parameters to other types was added.
|
|
||||||
This allows you to define constraints on what types are accepted by a function,
|
|
||||||
so that you can reuse the same logic for multiple different kinds of underlying
|
|
||||||
types.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That `doSomething` function from above could be rewritten like this with
|
|
||||||
generics:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
func doSomething[T Quacker](qs []T) {
|
|
||||||
for i, q := range qs {
|
|
||||||
q.Quack()
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However this doesn't currently let you avoid mixing types of `Quacker`s at
|
|
||||||
compile time like I assumed while I was writing the first version of this
|
|
||||||
article. This does however let you write code like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
doSomething([]Duck{{}, {}, {}})
|
|
||||||
doSomething([]Sheep{{}, {}, {}})
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And then this will reject anything that _is not a `Quacker`_ at compile time:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
doSomething([]string{"hi there this won't work"})
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
./prog.go:20:13: string does not implement Quacker (missing Quack method)
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Unions
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This also lets you create untagged union types, or types that can be a range of
|
|
||||||
other types. These are typically useful when writing parsers or other similar
|
|
||||||
things.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">It's frankly kind of fascinating that
|
|
||||||
something made by Google would even let you _think_ about the word "union" when
|
|
||||||
using it.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here's an example of a union type of several different kinds of values that you
|
|
||||||
could realistically see in a parser for a language like [LOLCODE](http://www.lolcode.org/):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
|
||||||
// Value can hold any LOLCODE value as defined by the LOLCODE 1.2 spec[1].
|
|
||||||
//
|
|
||||||
// [1]: https://github.com/justinmeza/lolcode-spec/blob/master/v1.2/lolcode-spec-v1.2.md#types
|
|
||||||
type Value interface {
|
|
||||||
int64 // NUMBR
|
|
||||||
float64 // NUMBAR
|
|
||||||
string // YARN
|
|
||||||
bool // TROOF
|
|
||||||
struct{} // NOOB
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is similar to making something like an
|
|
||||||
[`enum`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html) in Rust,
|
|
||||||
except that there isn't any tag for what the data could be. You still have to do
|
|
||||||
a type-assertion over every value it _could_ be, but you can do it with only the
|
|
||||||
subset of values listed in the interface vs any possible type ever made. This
|
|
||||||
makes it easier to constrain what values can be so you can focus more on your
|
|
||||||
parsing code and less on defensively programming around variable types.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This adds up to a huge improvement to the language, making things that were
|
|
||||||
previously very tedious and difficult very easy. You can make your own
|
|
||||||
generic collections (such as a B-Tree) and take advantages of packages like
|
|
||||||
[`golang.org/x/exp/slices`](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/slices) to avoid
|
|
||||||
the repetition of having to define utility functions for every single type you
|
|
||||||
use in a program.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Cadey" mood="enby">I'm barely scratching the surface with
|
|
||||||
generics here, please see the [type parameters proposal
|
|
||||||
document](https://go.googlesource.com/proposal/+/refs/heads/master/design/43651-type-parameters.md)
|
|
||||||
for a lot more information on how generics work. This is a well-written thing
|
|
||||||
and I highly suggest reading this at least once before you try to use generics
|
|
||||||
in your Go code. I've been watching this all develop from afar and I'm very
|
|
||||||
happy with what we have so far (the only things I'd want would be a bit more
|
|
||||||
ability to be precise about what you are allowing with slices and maps as
|
|
||||||
function arguments).</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In conclusion, I believe that we already have Go 2. It’s just called Go 1.18 for
|
|
||||||
some reason. It’s got so many improvements and fundamental changes that I
|
|
||||||
believe that this is already Go 2 in spirit. There are so many other things that
|
|
||||||
I'm not covering here (mostly because this post is so long already) like
|
|
||||||
fuzzing, RISC-V support, binary/octal/hexadecimal/imaginary number literals,
|
|
||||||
WebAssembly support, so many garbage collector improvements and more. This has
|
|
||||||
added up to make Go a fantastic choice for developing server-side applications.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I, as some random person on the internet that is not associated with the Go
|
|
||||||
team, think that if there was sufficient political will that they could probably
|
|
||||||
label what we have as Go 2, but I don’t think that is going to happen any time
|
|
||||||
soon. Until then, we still have a very great set of building blocks that allow
|
|
||||||
you to make easy to maintain production quality services, and I don’t see that
|
|
||||||
changing any time soon.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="happy">If you had subscribed to the
|
|
||||||
[Patreon](https://patreon.com/cadey) you could have read this a week
|
|
||||||
ago!</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ of that talk has been posted.
|
||||||
I hope you enjoy! I have some more blogposts in the queue but I've been sleeping horribly lately. Here's hoping that clears up.
|
I hope you enjoy! I have some more blogposts in the queue but I've been sleeping horribly lately. Here's hoping that clears up.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[goconcanada]: https://gocon.ca/
|
[goconcanada]: https://gocon.ca/
|
||||||
[talklink]: https://xeiaso.net/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31
|
[talklink]: https://christine.website/talks/webassembly-on-the-server-system-calls-2019-05-31
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $ curl https://mi.within.website/api/webmention/01ERGGEG7DCKRH3R7DH4BXZ6R9 | jq
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
"id": "01ERGGEG7DCKRH3R7DH4BXZ6R9",
|
"id": "01ERGGEG7DCKRH3R7DH4BXZ6R9",
|
||||||
"source_url": "https://maya.land/responses/2020/12/01/i-think-this-blog-post-might-have-been.html",
|
"source_url": "https://maya.land/responses/2020/12/01/i-think-this-blog-post-might-have-been.html",
|
||||||
"target_url": "https://xeiaso.net/blog/toast-sandwich-recipe-2019-12-02",
|
"target_url": "https://christine.website/blog/toast-sandwich-recipe-2019-12-02",
|
||||||
"title": null
|
"title": null
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ in one of a few ways:
|
||||||
Some concepts are pulled in from various documents and ideas in a slightly
|
Some concepts are pulled in from various documents and ideas in a slightly
|
||||||
[kasmakfa](https://write.as/excerpts/practical-kasmakfa) manner, but overall the
|
[kasmakfa](https://write.as/excerpts/practical-kasmakfa) manner, but overall the
|
||||||
most "confusing" thing to new readers is going to be related to this comment in
|
most "confusing" thing to new readers is going to be related to this comment in
|
||||||
the [anapana](https://xeiaso.net/blog/when-then-zen-anapana-2018-08-15)
|
the [anapana](https://christine.website/blog/when-then-zen-anapana-2018-08-15)
|
||||||
feature:
|
feature:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Note: "the body" means the sack of meat and bone that you are currently living inside. For the purposes of explanation of this technique, please consider what makes you yourself separate from the body you live in.
|
> Note: "the body" means the sack of meat and bone that you are currently living inside. For the purposes of explanation of this technique, please consider what makes you yourself separate from the body you live in.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This article is a more verbose version of [the correlating feature from when-the
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The When Then Zen project aims to describe the finer points of meditative concepts in plain English. As such, we start assuming just about nothing and build fractally on top of concepts derived from common or plain English usage of the terms. Some of these techniques may be easier for people with a more intensive meditative background, but try things and see what works best for you. Meditation in general works a lot better when you have a curious and playful attitude about figuring things out.
|
The When Then Zen project aims to describe the finer points of meditative concepts in plain English. As such, we start assuming just about nothing and build fractally on top of concepts derived from common or plain English usage of the terms. Some of these techniques may be easier for people with a more intensive meditative background, but try things and see what works best for you. Meditation in general works a lot better when you have a curious and playful attitude about figuring things out.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'm not perfect. I don't know what will work best for you. A lot of this is documenting both my practice and what parts of what books helped me "get it". If this works for you, [please let me know](https://xeiaso.net/contact). If this doesn't work for you, [please let me know](https://xeiaso.net/contact). I will use this information for making direct improvements to these documents.
|
I'm not perfect. I don't know what will work best for you. A lot of this is documenting both my practice and what parts of what books helped me "get it". If this works for you, [please let me know](https://christine.website/contact). If this doesn't work for you, [please let me know](https://christine.website/contact). I will use this information for making direct improvements to these documents.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As for your practice, twist the rules into circles and scrape out the parts that don't work if it helps you. Find out how to integrate it into your life in the best manner and go with it.
|
As for your practice, twist the rules into circles and scrape out the parts that don't work if it helps you. Find out how to integrate it into your life in the best manner and go with it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This website has been a progressive web app [for a long
|
This website has been a progressive web app [for a long
|
||||||
time](https://xeiaso.net/blog/progressive-webapp-conversion-2019-01-26).
|
time](https://christine.website/blog/progressive-webapp-conversion-2019-01-26).
|
||||||
This means that you can install my blog to your phone as if it was a normal app
|
This means that you can install my blog to your phone as if it was a normal app
|
||||||
via the share menu in Safari on iOS or via other native prompts on other
|
via the share menu in Safari on iOS or via other native prompts on other
|
||||||
browsers. However, this is not enough. In the constant pursuit of advancement I
|
browsers. However, this is not enough. In the constant pursuit of advancement I
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
title: How to Store an SSH Key on a Yubikey
|
|
||||||
date: 2022-05-27
|
|
||||||
series: howto
|
|
||||||
tags:
|
|
||||||
- yubikey
|
|
||||||
- security
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
SSH keys suck. They are a file on the disk and you can easily move it to other
|
|
||||||
machines instead of storing them in hardware where they can't be exfiltrated.
|
|
||||||
Using a password to encrypt the private key is a viable option, but the UX for
|
|
||||||
that is hot garbage. It's allegedly the future, so surely we MUST have some way
|
|
||||||
to make this all better, right?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Numa" mood="delet">\>implying there is a way to make anything
|
|
||||||
security related better</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Luckily, there is actually something we can do for this! As of [OpenSSH
|
|
||||||
8.2](https://www.openssh.com/releasenotes.html#8.2) (Feburary 14, 2020) you are
|
|
||||||
able to store an SSH private key on a yubikey! Here's how to do it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">This should work on other FIDO keys like
|
|
||||||
Google's Titan, but we don't have access to one over here and as such haven't
|
|
||||||
tested it. Your mileage may vary. We are told that it works with the Google
|
|
||||||
Titan key that is handed out to Go contributors.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
First install `yubikey-manager` (see
|
|
||||||
[here](https://www.yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-manager/) for more
|
|
||||||
information, or run `nix-shell -p yubikey-manager` to run it without installing
|
|
||||||
it on NixOS), plug in your yubikey and run `ykman list`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ ykman list
|
|
||||||
YubiKey 5C NFC (5.4.3) [OTP+FIDO+CCID] Serial: 4206942069
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you haven't set a PIN for the yubikey yet, follow
|
|
||||||
[this](https://docs.yubico.com/software/yubikey/tools/ykman/FIDO_Commands.html#ykman-fido-access-change-pin-options)
|
|
||||||
to set a PIN of your choice. Once you do this, you can generate a new SSH key
|
|
||||||
with the following command:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
ssh-keygen -t ed25519-sk -O resident
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<xeblog-conv name="Mara" mood="hacker">If that fails, try `ecdsa-sk`
|
|
||||||
instead! Some hardware keys may not support storing the key on the key
|
|
||||||
itself.</xeblog-conv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then enter in a super secret password (such as the Tongues you received as a kid
|
|
||||||
when you were forced into learning the bible against your will) twice and then
|
|
||||||
add that key to your agent with `ssh-add -K`. Then you can list your keys with
|
|
||||||
`ssh-add -L`:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```console
|
|
||||||
$ ssh-add -L
|
|
||||||
sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com AAAAGnNrLXNzaC1lZDI1NTE5QG9wZW5zc2guY29tAAAAIKgGePSwpBuHUhrFCRLch9Usqi7L0fKtgTRnh6F/R+ruAAAABHNzaDo= cadey@shachi
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then you can copy this public key to GitHub or whatever and authenticate as
|
|
||||||
normal. The private key is stored on your yubikey directly and you can add it
|
|
||||||
with `ssh-add -K`. You can delete the ssh key stub at `~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk` and
|
|
||||||
then your yubikey will be the only thing holding that key.
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As I mentioned
|
As I mentioned
|
||||||
[before](https://xeiaso.net/blog/colemak-layout-2020-08-15), I ordered a
|
[before](https://christine.website/blog/colemak-layout-2020-08-15), I ordered a
|
||||||
[ZSA Moonlander](https://zsa.io/moonlander) and it has finally arrived. I am
|
[ZSA Moonlander](https://zsa.io/moonlander) and it has finally arrived. I am
|
||||||
writing this post from my Moonlander, and as such I may do a few more typos
|
writing this post from my Moonlander, and as such I may do a few more typos
|
||||||
than normal, I'm still getting used to this.
|
than normal, I'm still getting used to this.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ no influence pushing me either way on this keyboard.
|
||||||
desk](https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/keeb/Elm3dN8XUAAYHws.jpg)
|
desk](https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/keeb/Elm3dN8XUAAYHws.jpg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[That 3d printed brain is built from the 3D model that was made as a part of <a
|
[That 3d printed brain is built from the 3D model that was made as a part of <a
|
||||||
href="https://xeiaso.net/blog/brain-fmri-to-3d-model-2019-08-23">this
|
href="https://christine.website/blog/brain-fmri-to-3d-model-2019-08-23">this
|
||||||
blogpost</a>.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
|
blogpost</a>.](conversation://Mara/hacker)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## tl;dr
|
## tl;dr
|
||||||
|
|
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ standard [Colemak](https://Colemak.com/) layout and it is currently the layer I
|
||||||
type the fastest on. I have the RGB configured so that it is mostly pink with
|
type the fastest on. I have the RGB configured so that it is mostly pink with
|
||||||
the homerow using a lighter shade of pink. The color codes come from my logo
|
the homerow using a lighter shade of pink. The color codes come from my logo
|
||||||
that you can see in the favicon [or here for a larger
|
that you can see in the favicon [or here for a larger
|
||||||
version](https://xeiaso.net/static/img/avatar_large.png).
|
version](https://christine.website/static/img/avatar_large.png).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I also have a qwerty layer for gaming. Most games expect qwerty keyboards and
|
I also have a qwerty layer for gaming. Most games expect qwerty keyboards and
|
||||||
this is an excellent stopgap to avoid having to rebind every game that I want to
|
this is an excellent stopgap to avoid having to rebind every game that I want to
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
95
config.dhall
95
config.dhall
|
|
@ -1,11 +1,96 @@
|
||||||
let xesite = ./dhall/types/package.dhall
|
let Person =
|
||||||
|
{ Type =
|
||||||
|
{ name : Text
|
||||||
|
, tags : List Text
|
||||||
|
, gitLink : Optional Text
|
||||||
|
, twitter : Optional Text
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, default =
|
||||||
|
{ name = ""
|
||||||
|
, tags = [] : List Text
|
||||||
|
, gitLink = None Text
|
||||||
|
, twitter = None Text
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Config = xesite.Config
|
let Author =
|
||||||
|
{ Type =
|
||||||
|
{ name : Text
|
||||||
|
, handle : Text
|
||||||
|
, picUrl : Optional Text
|
||||||
|
, link : Optional Text
|
||||||
|
, twitter : Optional Text
|
||||||
|
, default : Bool
|
||||||
|
, inSystem : Bool
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, default =
|
||||||
|
{ name = ""
|
||||||
|
, handle = ""
|
||||||
|
, picUrl = None Text
|
||||||
|
, link = None Text
|
||||||
|
, twitter = None Text
|
||||||
|
, default = False
|
||||||
|
, inSystem = False
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let defaultPort = env:PORT ? 3030
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let defaultWebMentionEndpoint =
|
||||||
|
env:WEBMENTION_ENDPOINT
|
||||||
|
? "https://mi.within.website/api/webmention/accept"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let Config =
|
||||||
|
{ Type =
|
||||||
|
{ signalboost : List Person.Type
|
||||||
|
, authors : List Author.Type
|
||||||
|
, port : Natural
|
||||||
|
, clackSet : List Text
|
||||||
|
, resumeFname : Text
|
||||||
|
, webMentionEndpoint : Text
|
||||||
|
, miToken : Text
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, default =
|
||||||
|
{ signalboost = [] : List Person.Type
|
||||||
|
, authors =
|
||||||
|
[ Author::{
|
||||||
|
, name = "Xe Iaso"
|
||||||
|
, handle = "xe"
|
||||||
|
, picUrl = Some "/static/img/avatar.png"
|
||||||
|
, link = Some "https://christine.website"
|
||||||
|
, twitter = Some "theprincessxena"
|
||||||
|
, default = True
|
||||||
|
, inSystem = True
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, Author::{
|
||||||
|
, name = "Jessie"
|
||||||
|
, handle = "Heartmender"
|
||||||
|
, picUrl = Some
|
||||||
|
"https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/UPRcp1pO_400x400.jpg"
|
||||||
|
, link = Some "https://heartmender.writeas.com"
|
||||||
|
, twitter = Some "BeJustFine"
|
||||||
|
, inSystem = True
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, Author::{
|
||||||
|
, name = "Ashe"
|
||||||
|
, handle = "ectamorphic"
|
||||||
|
, picUrl = Some
|
||||||
|
"https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/FFVV1InX0AkDX3f_cropped_smol.jpg"
|
||||||
|
, inSystem = True
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
, Author::{ name = "Nicole", handle = "Twi", inSystem = True }
|
||||||
|
, Author::{ name = "Mai", handle = "Mai", inSystem = True }
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
, port = defaultPort
|
||||||
|
, clackSet = [ "Ashlynn" ]
|
||||||
|
, resumeFname = "./static/resume/resume.md"
|
||||||
|
, webMentionEndpoint = defaultWebMentionEndpoint
|
||||||
|
, miToken = "${env:MI_TOKEN as Text ? ""}"
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in Config::{
|
in Config::{
|
||||||
, signalboost = ./dhall/signalboost.dhall
|
, signalboost = ./signalboost.dhall
|
||||||
, authors = ./dhall/authors.dhall
|
|
||||||
, clackSet =
|
, clackSet =
|
||||||
[ "Ashlynn", "Terry Davis", "Dennis Ritchie", "Steven Hawking" ]
|
[ "Ashlynn", "Terry Davis", "Dennis Ritchie", "Steven Hawking" ]
|
||||||
, jobHistory = ./dhall/jobHistory.dhall
|
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
11
css/shim.css
11
css/shim.css
|
|
@ -44,6 +44,17 @@ img {
|
||||||
padding-right: 1em;
|
padding-right: 1em;
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* xeblog-conv:not(:defined) { */
|
||||||
|
/* display: block; */
|
||||||
|
/* border-left: 0.25ch solid green; */
|
||||||
|
/* padding-left: 1.75ch; */
|
||||||
|
/* } */
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* xeblog-conv:before:not(:defined) { */
|
||||||
|
/* content: "<"attr(name)">"; */
|
||||||
|
/* font-weight: bold; */
|
||||||
|
/* } */
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.warning {
|
.warning {
|
||||||
background-color: #282828;
|
background-color: #282828;
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
|
||||||
cp -rf $src/blog $out/blog
|
cp -rf $src/blog $out/blog
|
||||||
cp -rf $src/css $out/css
|
cp -rf $src/css $out/css
|
||||||
cp -rf $src/gallery $out/gallery
|
cp -rf $src/gallery $out/gallery
|
||||||
|
cp -rf $src/signalboost.dhall $out/signalboost.dhall
|
||||||
cp -rf $src/static $out/static
|
cp -rf $src/static $out/static
|
||||||
cp -rf $src/talks $out/talks
|
cp -rf $src/talks $out/talks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Author = ./types/Author.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in [ Author::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Xe Iaso"
|
|
||||||
, handle = "xe"
|
|
||||||
, picUrl = Some "/static/img/avatar.png"
|
|
||||||
, link = Some "https://christine.website"
|
|
||||||
, twitter = Some "theprincessxena"
|
|
||||||
, default = True
|
|
||||||
, inSystem = True
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Author::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Jessie"
|
|
||||||
, handle = "Heartmender"
|
|
||||||
, picUrl = Some
|
|
||||||
"https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/UPRcp1pO_400x400.jpg"
|
|
||||||
, twitter = Some "BeJustFine"
|
|
||||||
, inSystem = True
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Author::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Ashe"
|
|
||||||
, handle = "ectamorphic"
|
|
||||||
, picUrl = Some
|
|
||||||
"https://cdn.christine.website/file/christine-static/img/FFVV1InX0AkDX3f_cropped_smol.jpg"
|
|
||||||
, inSystem = True
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Author::{ name = "Nicole", handle = "Twi", inSystem = True }
|
|
||||||
, Author::{ name = "Mai", handle = "Mai", inSystem = True }
|
|
||||||
, Author::{ name = "Sephira", handle = "Sephie", inSystem = True }
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let xesite = ./types/package.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Job = xesite.Job
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Salary = xesite.Salary
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Stock = xesite.Stock
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let StockKind = xesite.StockKind
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Company = xesite.Company
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Location = xesite.Location
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let annual = \(rate : Natural) -> Salary::{ amount = rate }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let hourly = \(rate : Natural) -> Salary::{ amount = rate, per = "hour" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let annualCAD = \(rate : Natural) -> Salary::{ amount = rate, currency = "CAD" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let mercerIsland =
|
|
||||||
Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Mercer Island"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "WA"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let bellevue = mercerIsland // { city = "Bellevue" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let mountainView =
|
|
||||||
Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Mountain View"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "CA"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
, remote = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let sf = mountainView // { city = "San Fransisco" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let montreal =
|
|
||||||
Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Montreal"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "QC"
|
|
||||||
, country = "CAN"
|
|
||||||
, remote = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let ottawa =
|
|
||||||
Location::{ city = "Ottawa", stateOrProvince = "ON", country = "CAN" }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let imvu =
|
|
||||||
Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "IMVU"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://imvu.com"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a company whose mission is to help people find and communicate with eachother. Their main product is a 3D avatar-based chat client and its surrounding infrastructure allowing creators to make content for the avatars to wear."
|
|
||||||
, location = mountainView // { city = "Redwood City" }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let tailscale =
|
|
||||||
Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Tailscale"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://tailscale.com"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a zero config VPN for building secure networks. Install on any device in minutes. Remote access from any network or physical location."
|
|
||||||
, location = ottawa // { city = "Toronto" }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in [ Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Symplicity"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a company that provides students with the tools and connections they need to enhance their employability while preparing to succeed in today's job market."
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://www.symplicity.com"
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Arlington"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "VA"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
, remote = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Junior Systems Administrator"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2013-11-11"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2014-01-06"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 56
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 50000
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "terminated"
|
|
||||||
, locations =
|
|
||||||
[ Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Arlington"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "VA"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
, remote = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
, highlights = [ "Python message queue processing" ]
|
|
||||||
, hideFromResume = True
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "OpDemand"
|
|
||||||
, defunct = True
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"the company behind the open source project Deis, a distributed platform-as-a-service (PaaS) designed from the ground up to emulate Heroku but on privately owned servers."
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Boulder"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "CO"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Software Engineering Intern"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2014-07-14"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2014-08-27"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 44
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 189
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 35000
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "terminated"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mercerIsland ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Built new base image for Deis components"
|
|
||||||
, "Research and development on a new builder component"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
, hideFromResume = True
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Appen"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://appen.com/"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"is a company that uses crowdsourcing to have its customers submit tasks to be done, similar to Amazon's Mechanical Turk."
|
|
||||||
, location = mountainView // { city = "San Francisco", remote = True }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Consultant"
|
|
||||||
, contract = True
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2014-09-17"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2014-10-15"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 28
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 21
|
|
||||||
, salary = hourly 90
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "contract not renewed"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mercerIsland ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Research and development on scalable Linux deployments on AWS via CoreOS and Docker"
|
|
||||||
, "Development of in-house tools to speed instance creation"
|
|
||||||
, "Laid groundwork on the creation and use of better tools for managing large clusters of CoreOS and Fleet machines"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "VTCSecure"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://www.vtcsecure.com/"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a company dedicated to helping with custom and standard audio/video conferencing solutions. They specialize in helping the deaf and blind communicate over today's infrastructure without any trouble on their end."
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Clearwater"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "FL"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Consultant"
|
|
||||||
, contract = True
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2014-10-27"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2015-02-09"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 105
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 12
|
|
||||||
, salary = hourly 90
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "contract not renewed"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mercerIsland ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Started groundwork for a dynamically scalable infrastructure on a project for helping the blind see things"
|
|
||||||
, "Developed a prototype of a new website for VTCSecure"
|
|
||||||
, "Education on best practices using Docker and CoreOS"
|
|
||||||
, "Learning Freeswitch"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = imvu
|
|
||||||
, title = "Site Reliability Engineer"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2015-03-30"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2016-03-07"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 343
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 49
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 125000 // { stock = Some Stock::{ amount = 20000 } }
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "demoted"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mountainView ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Wrote up technical designs"
|
|
||||||
, "Implemented technical designs on an over 800 machine cluster"
|
|
||||||
, "Continuous learning of a lot of very powerful systems and improving upon them when it is needed"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = imvu
|
|
||||||
, title = "Systems Administrator"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2016-03-08"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2016-04-01"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 24
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 1
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 105000
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "quit"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mountainView // { city = "Redwood City" } ]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Pure Storage"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://www.purestorage.com/"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a Mountain View, California-based enterprise data flash storage company founded in 2009. It is traded on the NYSE (PSTG)."
|
|
||||||
, location = mountainView
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Member of Technical Staff"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2016-04-04"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2016-08-03"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 121
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 3
|
|
||||||
, salary =
|
|
||||||
annual 135000
|
|
||||||
// { stock = Some Stock::{
|
|
||||||
, amount = 5000
|
|
||||||
, liquid = True
|
|
||||||
, kind = StockKind.Grant
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "quit"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mountainView ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights = [ "Python 2 code maintenance", "Working with Foone" ]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Backplane.io"
|
|
||||||
, defunct = True
|
|
||||||
, location = sf
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Software Engineer"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2016-08-24"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2016-11-22"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 90
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 21
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 105000 // { stock = Some Stock::{ amount = 85000 } }
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "terminated"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ sf ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Performance monitoring of production servers"
|
|
||||||
, "Continuous deployment and development in Go"
|
|
||||||
, "Learning a lot about HTTP/2 and load balancing"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "MBO Partners (Heroku)"
|
|
||||||
, tagline = "a staffing agency used to contract me for Heroku."
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Herndon"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "VA"
|
|
||||||
, country = "USA"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Consultant"
|
|
||||||
, contract = True
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2017-02-13"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2017-11-13"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 273
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 83
|
|
||||||
, salary = hourly 120
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "hired"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mountainView ]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Heroku"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://heroku.com"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a cloud Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) that created the term 'platform as a service'. Heroku currently supports several programming languages that are commonly used on the web. Heroku, one of the first cloud platforms, has been in development since June 2007, when it supported only the Ruby programming language, but now supports Java, Node.js, Scala, Clojure, Python, PHP, and Go."
|
|
||||||
, location = sf
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Senior Software Engineer"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2017-11-13"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2019-03-08"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 480
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 0
|
|
||||||
, salary = annual 150000
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "quit"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ mountainView, bellevue ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "JVM Application Metrics"
|
|
||||||
, "Go Runtime Metrics Agent"
|
|
||||||
, "Other backend fixes and improvements on Threshold Autoscaling and Threshold Alerting"
|
|
||||||
, "Public-facing blogpost writing"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = Company::{
|
|
||||||
, name = "Lightspeed POS"
|
|
||||||
, url = Some "https://lightspeedhq.com"
|
|
||||||
, tagline =
|
|
||||||
"a provider of retail, ecommerce and point-of-sale solutions for small and medium scale businesses."
|
|
||||||
, location = montreal
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Expert principal en fiabilité du site"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2019-05-06"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2020-11-27"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 540
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 48
|
|
||||||
, salary =
|
|
||||||
annualCAD 115000
|
|
||||||
// { stock = Some Stock::{ amount = 7500, liquid = True } }
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "quit"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ montreal ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Migration from cloud to cloud"
|
|
||||||
, "Work on the cloud platform initiative"
|
|
||||||
, "Crafting reliable infrastructure for clients of customers"
|
|
||||||
, "Creation of an internally consistent and extensible command line interface for internal tooling"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = tailscale
|
|
||||||
, title = "Software Designer"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2020-12-14"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = Some "2022-03-01"
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = Some 442
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = Some 0
|
|
||||||
, salary = annualCAD 135000
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = Some "raise"
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ montreal // { remote = True }, ottawa ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "Go programming"
|
|
||||||
, "SQL integrations"
|
|
||||||
, "Public-facing content writing"
|
|
||||||
, "Customer support"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Job::{
|
|
||||||
, company = tailscale
|
|
||||||
, title = "Archmage of Infrastructure"
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "2022-03-01"
|
|
||||||
, salary = annualCAD 147150
|
|
||||||
, locations = [ ottawa ]
|
|
||||||
, highlights =
|
|
||||||
[ "The first developer relations person at Tailscale"
|
|
||||||
, "Public-facing content writing"
|
|
||||||
, "Public speaking"
|
|
||||||
, "Developing custom integration solutions and supporting them"
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let xesite = ./types/package.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Resume = xesite.Resume
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Link = xesite.Link
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in Resume::{
|
|
||||||
, hnLinks =
|
|
||||||
[ Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29522941"
|
|
||||||
, title = "'Open Source' is Broken"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29167560"
|
|
||||||
, title = "The Surreal Horror of PAM"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27175960"
|
|
||||||
, title = "Systemd: The Good Parts"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26845355"
|
|
||||||
, title = "I Implemented /dev/printerfact in Rust"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25978511"
|
|
||||||
, title = "A Model for Identity in Software"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31390506"
|
|
||||||
, title = "Fly.io: The reclaimer of Heroku's magic"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, Link::{
|
|
||||||
, url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31149801"
|
|
||||||
, title = "Crimes with Go Generics"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
{ Type =
|
|
||||||
{ name : Text
|
|
||||||
, handle : Text
|
|
||||||
, picUrl : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, link : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, twitter : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, default : Bool
|
|
||||||
, inSystem : Bool
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ name = ""
|
|
||||||
, handle = ""
|
|
||||||
, picUrl = None Text
|
|
||||||
, link = None Text
|
|
||||||
, twitter = None Text
|
|
||||||
, default = False
|
|
||||||
, inSystem = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Location = ./Location.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in { Type =
|
|
||||||
{ name : Text
|
|
||||||
, url : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, tagline : Text
|
|
||||||
, location : Location.Type
|
|
||||||
, defunct : Bool
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ name = ""
|
|
||||||
, url = None Text
|
|
||||||
, tagline = ""
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{=}
|
|
||||||
, defunct = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Person = ./Person.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Author = ./Author.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Job = ./Job.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let defaultPort = env:PORT ? 3030
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let defaultWebMentionEndpoint =
|
|
||||||
env:WEBMENTION_ENDPOINT
|
|
||||||
? "https://mi.within.website/api/webmention/accept"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in { Type =
|
|
||||||
{ signalboost : List Person.Type
|
|
||||||
, authors : List Author.Type
|
|
||||||
, port : Natural
|
|
||||||
, clackSet : List Text
|
|
||||||
, resumeFname : Text
|
|
||||||
, webMentionEndpoint : Text
|
|
||||||
, miToken : Text
|
|
||||||
, jobHistory : List Job.Type
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ signalboost = [] : List Person.Type
|
|
||||||
, authors = [] : List Author.Type
|
|
||||||
, port = defaultPort
|
|
||||||
, clackSet = [ "Ashlynn" ]
|
|
||||||
, resumeFname = "./static/resume/resume.md"
|
|
||||||
, webMentionEndpoint = defaultWebMentionEndpoint
|
|
||||||
, miToken = "${env:MI_TOKEN as Text ? ""}"
|
|
||||||
, jobHistory = [] : List Job.Type
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Company = ./Company.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Salary = ./Salary.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Location = ./Location.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in { Type =
|
|
||||||
{ company : Company.Type
|
|
||||||
, title : Text
|
|
||||||
, contract : Bool
|
|
||||||
, startDate : Text
|
|
||||||
, endDate : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked : Optional Natural
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween : Optional Natural
|
|
||||||
, salary : Salary.Type
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, locations : List Location.Type
|
|
||||||
, highlights : List Text
|
|
||||||
, hideFromResume : Bool
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ company = Company::{=}
|
|
||||||
, title = "Unknown"
|
|
||||||
, contract = False
|
|
||||||
, startDate = "0000-01-01"
|
|
||||||
, endDate = None Text
|
|
||||||
, daysWorked = None Natural
|
|
||||||
, daysBetween = None Natural
|
|
||||||
, salary = Salary::{=}
|
|
||||||
, leaveReason = None Text
|
|
||||||
, locations = [] : List Location.Type
|
|
||||||
, highlights = [] : List Text
|
|
||||||
, hideFromResume = False
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
{ Type = { url : Text, title : Text }, default = { url = "", title = "" } }
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
{ Type = { city : Text, stateOrProvince : Text, country : Text, remote : Bool }
|
|
||||||
, default = { remote = True, city = "", stateOrProvince = "", country = "CAN" }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
{ Type =
|
|
||||||
{ name : Text
|
|
||||||
, tags : List Text
|
|
||||||
, gitLink : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
, twitter : Optional Text
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ name = "", tags = [] : List Text, gitLink = None Text, twitter = None Text }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Location = ./Location.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
let Link = ./Link.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in { Type =
|
|
||||||
{ name : Text
|
|
||||||
, tagline : Text
|
|
||||||
, location : Location.Type
|
|
||||||
, hnLinks : List Link.Type
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ name = "Xe Iaso"
|
|
||||||
, tagline = "Archmage of Infrastructure"
|
|
||||||
, location = Location::{
|
|
||||||
, city = "Ottawa"
|
|
||||||
, stateOrProvince = "ON"
|
|
||||||
, country = "CAN"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, hnLinks = [] : List Link.Type
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
let Stock = ./Stock.dhall
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in { Type =
|
|
||||||
{ amount : Natural
|
|
||||||
, currency : Text
|
|
||||||
, per : Text
|
|
||||||
, stock : Optional Stock.Type
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
, default =
|
|
||||||
{ amount = 0, currency = "USD", per = "year", stock = None Stock.Type }
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue