115 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: "ReConLangMo 4: Noun and Verb Morphology"
|
|
date: 2020-05-15
|
|
series: reconlangmo
|
|
tags:
|
|
- conlang
|
|
- lewa
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Last time on [ReConLangMo][reconlangmoseries] I covered word order and some of
|
|
the finer points about how sentences work. This time we are covering how nouns
|
|
and verbs get modified (some languages call this conjugation or declension).
|
|
This is a response to [this prompt][rclm4].
|
|
|
|
[reconlangmoseries]: /blog/series/reconlangmo
|
|
[rclm4]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gjvczy/reconlangmo_4_noun_and_verb_morphology/
|
|
|
|
## Other Noun Things
|
|
|
|
At a high level, noun-phrases can be marked for direct ownership or number. The
|
|
general pattern is like this:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
<article> [pronoun] [negation] [number] <verb>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Pronouns
|
|
|
|
Here's some of the pronouns:
|
|
|
|
| English | L'ewa |
|
|
| --------------------- | ----- |
|
|
| me, I | mi |
|
|
| My system and I | mi'a |
|
|
| you | ro |
|
|
| we (all-inclusive) | mi'o |
|
|
| your system and you | ro'a |
|
|
| This (near me) | ti |
|
|
| That (near you) | ta |
|
|
| That (far away) | tu |
|
|
|
|
## Numbers
|
|
|
|
Numbers are in [base six][seximal]. Here are a few numerals:
|
|
|
|
[seximal]: https://www.seximal.net/
|
|
|
|
| Decimal | Seximal | L'ewa |
|
|
| ------- | ------- | ----- |
|
|
| 0 | 0 | zo |
|
|
| 1 | 1 | ja |
|
|
| 2 | 2 | he |
|
|
| 3 | 3 | xu |
|
|
| 4 | 4 | ho |
|
|
| 5 | 5 | qi |
|
|
| 6 | 10 | jazo |
|
|
| 36 | 100 | gau |
|
|
|
|
Here are few non-numerals-but-technically-still-numbers-I-guess:
|
|
|
|
| English | L'ewa |
|
|
| --------------- | ----- |
|
|
| all | to |
|
|
| some | ra'o |
|
|
| number-question | so |
|
|
|
|
## Negation
|
|
|
|
As L'ewa is more of a logical language, it has several forms of negation. Here
|
|
are a few:
|
|
|
|
| English | L'ewa |
|
|
| --------------------- | ----- |
|
|
| contradiction | na |
|
|
| total scalar negation | na'o |
|
|
| particle negation | nai |
|
|
|
|
na can be placed before the sentence's verb too:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
ti na spalo
|
|
This is something other than an apple
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Verb Forms
|
|
|
|
Verbs have one form in L'ewa. Aspects like tense or the perfective aspect are
|
|
marked with particles. Here's a table of the common ones:
|
|
|
|
| English | L'ewa |
|
|
| ---------- | ----- |
|
|
| past tense | qu |
|
|
| present tense | qa |
|
|
| future tense | qo |
|
|
| perfective aspect | qe |
|
|
|
|
## Modality
|
|
|
|
Modality is going to be expressed with emotion words. These words have not been
|
|
assigned yet, but their grammar will be a lot looser than the normal L'ewa
|
|
particle grammar. They will allow any two vowels in any combination that might
|
|
otherwise make them not "legal" for particles.
|
|
|
|
- VV (ii)
|
|
- V'V (i'i)
|
|
|
|
## Explicitly Ending Noun Phrases
|
|
|
|
In case it is otherwise confusing, ko can be used to end noun phrases grammatically.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
I will probably be fleshing this out some more, but for now this is how all of
|
|
this works.
|