117 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
117 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "ReConLangMo 4: Noun and Verb Morphology"
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date: 2020-05-15
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series: reconlangmo
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tags:
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- conlang
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- lewa
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---
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# ReConLangMo 4: Noun and Verb Morphology
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Last time on [ReConLangMo][reconlangmoseries] I covered word order and some of
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the finer points about how sentences work. This time we are covering how nouns
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and verbs get modified (some languages call this conjugation or declension).
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This is a response to [this prompt][rclm4].
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[reconlangmoseries]: /blog/series/reconlangmo
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[rclm4]: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/gjvczy/reconlangmo_4_noun_and_verb_morphology/
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## Other Noun Things
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At a high level, noun-phrases can be marked for direct ownership or number. The
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general pattern is like this:
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```
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<article> [pronoun] [negation] [number] <verb>
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```
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## Pronouns
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Here's some of the pronouns:
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| English | L'ewa |
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| --------------------- | ----- |
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| me, I | mi |
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| My system and I | mi'a |
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| you | ro |
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| we (all-inclusive) | mi'o |
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| your system and you | ro'a |
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| This (near me) | ti |
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| That (near you) | ta |
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| That (far away) | tu |
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## Numbers
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Numbers are in [base six][seximal]. Here are a few numerals:
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[seximal]: https://www.seximal.net/
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| Decimal | Seximal | L'ewa |
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| ------- | ------- | ----- |
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| 0 | 0 | zo |
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| 1 | 1 | ja |
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| 2 | 2 | he |
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| 3 | 3 | xu |
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| 4 | 4 | ho |
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| 5 | 5 | qi |
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| 6 | 10 | jazo |
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| 36 | 100 | gau |
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Here are few non-numerals-but-technically-still-numbers-I-guess:
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| English | L'ewa |
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| --------------- | ----- |
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| all | to |
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| some | ra'o |
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| number-question | so |
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## Negation
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As L'ewa is more of a logical language, it has several forms of negation. Here
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are a few:
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| English | L'ewa |
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| --------------------- | ----- |
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| contradiction | na |
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| total scalar negation | na'o |
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| particle negation | nai |
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na can be placed before the sentence's verb too:
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```
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ti na spalo
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This is something other than an apple
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```
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## Verb Forms
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Verbs have one form in L'ewa. Aspects like tense or the perfective aspect are
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marked with particles. Here's a table of the common ones:
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| English | L'ewa |
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| ---------- | ----- |
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| past tense | qu |
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| present tense | qa |
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| future tense | qo |
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| perfective aspect | qe |
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## Modality
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Modality is going to be expressed with emotion words. These words have not been
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assigned yet, but their grammar will be a lot looser than the normal L'ewa
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particle grammar. They will allow any two vowels in any combination that might
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otherwise make them not "legal" for particles.
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- VV (ii)
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- V'V (i'i)
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## Explicitly Ending Noun Phrases
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In case it is otherwise confusing, ko can be used to end noun phrases grammatically.
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---
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I will probably be fleshing this out some more, but for now this is how all of
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this works.
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