34 KiB
L'ewa
Info
⁄l.ʔɛ.wa⁄
Natively known as: L'ewa
⁄…and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind…⁄
pa au moiyig wua spum ehuz plekuonho pa gaim hu yaiguewa aig wua spum wei
Pronunciation: ⁄pa au moijig wua spum ɛhuʒ plɛkuonho pa gaim hujaiguewa aig wua spum wɛi⁄
L'ewa word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
This is the language of the Kala (a race of anthropomorphic orca-people) in Usill.
Spelling & Phonology
Consonants
Consonant inventory: ⁄d g h j k l m n p q s t w ʃ ʒ ʔ ʙ̥⁄
| Manner⁄Place | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | p | t d | k g | q | ʔ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ ʒ | h | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||
| Trill | ʙ̥ | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
Vowels
Vowel inventory: ⁄a au i o oi u ua ue uo ai ɛ ɛi⁄
Diphthongs: au, oi, ua, ue, uo, ai, ɛi
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| High-mid | o | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | |
| Low | a |
Phonotactics
Syllable structure
(C)(C)V(C)
Stress pattern
Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants
d, g, h, j, k, kl, l, m, n, p, pl, q, s, sh, sn, sp, st, t, ts, w, ʃ, ʒ, ʔ, ʙ̥
Mid-word consonants
d, g, gm, h, j, jk, k, kn, l, lk, m, n, nh, nl, ns, p, pl, q, s, sp, t, tg, tk, tw, w, ʃ, ʒ, ʔ, ʙ̥
Word final consonants
d, g, k, l, m, n, p, q, s, ʃ, ʒ, ʙ̥
Spelling rules
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| j | y |
| ɛ | e |
| ʃ | sh |
| ʒ | z |
| ʔ | ' |
| ʙ̥ | b |
Grammar
Main word order:
Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into ⁄Mary with a key the door
opened⁄.
Word order can be inferred by the accusative case, but is normally Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb.
Adjective order:
Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition:
prepositions
Noun
Nouns have two cases:
Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man
Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog
| Nominative | No affix |
| hoknaim ⁄hoknaim⁄ | |
| Accusative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -tgi |
| Else: Suffix -otgi | |
| hoknaimotgi ⁄hoknaimotgi⁄ |
Articles
| Definite | Indefinite | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | bue ⁄ʙ̥ue⁄ | tau ⁄tau⁄ |
| ⁄the⁄ | ⁄a⁄ | |
| Plural | spol ⁄spol⁄ | taiz ⁄taiʒ⁄ |
| ⁄the⁄ | ⁄some⁄ |
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | yau ⁄jau⁄ | stau ⁄stau⁄ |
| ⁄I⁄ | ⁄me⁄ | |
| 2nd singular | shei ⁄shɛi⁄ | hu ⁄hu⁄ |
| ⁄you⁄ | ⁄you⁄ | |
| 3rd singular | au ⁄au⁄ | spum ⁄spum⁄ |
| ⁄he, she, it⁄ | ⁄him, her, it⁄ | |
| 1st plural | luen ⁄luen⁄ | bue ⁄ʙ̥ue⁄ |
| ⁄we⁄ | ⁄us⁄ | |
| 2nd plural | gaib ⁄gaiʙ̥⁄ | nua ⁄nua⁄ |
| ⁄you (all)⁄ | ⁄you (all)⁄ | |
| 3rd plural | plen ⁄plɛn⁄ | si ⁄si⁄ |
| ⁄they⁄ | ⁄them⁄ |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | zuoq ⁄ʒuoq⁄ |
| ⁄my⁄ | |
| 2nd singular | da ⁄da⁄ |
| ⁄your⁄ | |
| 3rd singular | ple ⁄plɛ⁄ |
| 1st plural | pa ⁄pa⁄ |
| ⁄our⁄ | |
| 2nd plural | dad ⁄dad⁄ |
| ⁄your⁄ | |
| 3rd plural | tosh ⁄toʃ⁄ |
| ⁄their⁄ |
Verbs
Past tense may be indicated with the word:
| Past particle | shoiq ⁄shoiq⁄ |
| ⁄past tense particle⁄ |
| Future | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ha |
| Else: Suffix -oha | |
| quopuha ⁄quopuha⁄ |
Imperfective aspect
The 'imperfective' aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as ⁄I am studying⁄, and habitual actions, such as ⁄I study (every night)⁄.
It is indicated with the affix -buo:
| Imperfect | If ends with vowel: Suffix -buo |
| Else: Suffix -abuo | |
| quopubuo ⁄quopuʙ̥uo⁄ |
Perfect aspect
Perfect aspect in English is exemplified in 'I have read this book', which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
In L'ewa, the perfect is constructed with an affix
| Perfect | Suffix -au |
| quopuau ⁄quopuau⁄ |
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tka
Else: Suffix -itka
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -o\\
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel:
Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -im
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel:
Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -aip
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ua
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -knua
Else: Suffix -iknua
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix
-'u
Else: Suffix -u'u
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -uo
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɛid
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Suffix -ɛm
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɛp
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -uap
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wɛ
Else: Suffix -awɛ
Augmentative = Suffix -ɛ
Vocabulary
| L'ewa | Pronunciation | Part of speech | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 'a | ⁄ʔa⁄ | v | may |
| 'an | ⁄ʔan⁄ | adv | always |
| 'an | ⁄ʔan⁄ | adv | all the time |
| 'ebaio | ⁄ʔɛʙ̥aio⁄ | n | anger |
| 'enho | ⁄ʔɛnho⁄ | n | bottom (lowest part) |
| 'eqetauk | ⁄ʔɛqɛtauk⁄ | n | psychology |
| ab | ⁄aʙ̥⁄ | n | health |
| aq | ⁄aq⁄ | n | west |
| auk | ⁄auk⁄ | v | create |
| az | ⁄aʒ⁄ | n | distance |
| aie | ⁄aiɛ⁄ | n | dragon |
| ail | ⁄ail⁄ | adj | important |
| ainuadi | ⁄ainuadi⁄ | adj | middle |
| aishoq | ⁄aiʃoq⁄ | n | powder |
| aiwetka | ⁄aiwɛtka⁄ | adv | suddenly |
| be | ⁄ʙ̥ɛ⁄ | v | to be |
| boai | ⁄ʙ̥oai⁄ | v | please |
| boai | ⁄ʙ̥oai⁄ | v | satisfy |
| bohez | ⁄ʙ̥ohɛʒ⁄ | n | elbow |
| bopal | ⁄ʙ̥opal⁄ | v | nod |
| botwaus | ⁄ʙ̥otwaus⁄ | num | ten |
| bozug | ⁄ʙ̥oʒug⁄ | adv | rather |
| buash | ⁄ʙ̥uaʃ⁄ | n | middle class |
| bued | ⁄ʙ̥ued⁄ | v | waste |
| buez | ⁄ʙ̥ueʒ⁄ | n | politics |
| buog | ⁄ʙ̥uog⁄ | det | what |
| buok | ⁄ʙ̥uok⁄ | adj | violet |
| buonsualun | ⁄ʙ̥uonsualun⁄ | n | girl |
| buonsualun | ⁄ʙ̥uonsualun⁄ | n | female |
| buoso | ⁄ʙ̥uoso⁄ | n | truth |
| buoyalitka | ⁄ʙ̥uojalitka⁄ | adv | probably |
| buoyalitka | ⁄ʙ̥uojalitka⁄ | adv | likely |
| da | ⁄da⁄ | v | give |
| dan | ⁄dan⁄ | n | armor |
| ded | ⁄dɛd⁄ | n | control |
| demoip | ⁄dɛmoip⁄ | adj | messy |
| depe | ⁄dɛpɛ⁄ | n | class |
| despi | ⁄dɛspi⁄ | n | back (of body) |
| despi | ⁄dɛspi⁄ | n | back (reverse side) |
| ea | ⁄ɛa⁄ | n | pump |
| edi | ⁄ɛdi⁄ | n | effort |
| eid | ⁄ɛid⁄ | v | go |
| eiq | ⁄ɛiq⁄ | v | guess |
| eiq | ⁄ɛiq⁄ | v | predict |
| eknim | ⁄ɛknim⁄ | n | woman |
| eno | ⁄ɛno⁄ | n | guide |
| esh | ⁄ɛʃ⁄ | v | kick |
| eykiz | ⁄ɛjkiʒ⁄ | v | become |
| eykiz | ⁄ɛjkiʒ⁄ | v | get |
| gauko | ⁄gauko⁄ | n | strength |
| gai | ⁄gai⁄ | v | provide |
| gail | ⁄gail⁄ | v | behave (well) |
| gaimuenha | ⁄gaimuenha⁄ | v | warn |
| gaiq | ⁄gaiq⁄ | v | follow |
| gaiwi | ⁄gaiwi⁄ | n | shame |
| gaiwi | ⁄gaiwi⁄ | n | stigma |
| gum | ⁄gum⁄ | v | burn |
| gum | ⁄gum⁄ | v | cook (heat food) |
| hish | ⁄hiʃ⁄ | n | vagina |
| hok | ⁄hok⁄ | n | hair (of body) |
| hol | ⁄hol⁄ | adj | ancient |
| hol | ⁄hol⁄ | adj | antique |
| hop | ⁄hop⁄ | n | belly (stomach area) |
| hotwupep | ⁄hotwupɛp⁄ | n | dancer |
| hud | ⁄hud⁄ | adj | dry |
| huz | ⁄huʒ⁄ | n | device |
| huz | ⁄huʒ⁄ | n | appliance |
| huz | ⁄huʒ⁄ | n | accessory |
| ik | ⁄ik⁄ | n | shade |
| iz | ⁄iʒ⁄ | n | research |
| kala | ⁄kala⁄ | n | orca, Kala |
| kei | ⁄kɛi⁄ | v | say |
| keip | ⁄kɛip⁄ | n | image |
| klak | ⁄klak⁄ | n | water |
| klak | ⁄klak⁄ | n | liquid |
| kluab | ⁄kluaʙ̥⁄ | v | wonder |
| klue | ⁄klue⁄ | adj | long |
| kluem | ⁄kluem⁄ | v | hate |
| kluo'a | ⁄kluoʔa⁄ | adv | actually |
| kluog | ⁄kluog⁄ | n | credit (of money) |
| kluoknas | ⁄kluoknas⁄ | n | milk |
| kluolul | ⁄kluolul⁄ | n | table |
| kluonhoo | ⁄kluonhoo⁄ | n | sadness |
| kluonhoo | ⁄kluonhoo⁄ | n | sorrow |
| kluoplibep | ⁄kluopliʙ̥ɛp⁄ | n | lover |
| kluosoi | ⁄kluosoi⁄ | n | river |
| kluosoi | ⁄kluosoi⁄ | n | stream |
| kluoyez | ⁄kluojɛʒ⁄ | n | sponge |
| koie | ⁄koiɛ⁄ | v | marry |
| koikau | ⁄koikau⁄ | adj | fair |
| koikau | ⁄koikau⁄ | adj | just |
| koina | ⁄koina⁄ | v | remember |
| koiplab | ⁄koiplaʙ̥⁄ | v | pull |
| koishuomaiknua | ⁄koiʃuomaiknua⁄ | v | weigh |
| koiwi | ⁄koiwi⁄ | n | fruit |
| koiwi | ⁄koiwi⁄ | n | seed |
| kua | ⁄kua⁄ | n | area |
| kuap | ⁄kuap⁄ | adj | subtle |
| kuek | ⁄kuek⁄ | n | base |
| la | ⁄la⁄ | n | ear |
| lueb | ⁄lueʙ̥⁄ | v | fire |
| lueq | ⁄lueq⁄ | v | live |
| luodaua | ⁄luodaua⁄ | adj | personal |
| luoka | ⁄luoka⁄ | v | tread |
| luoka | ⁄luoka⁄ | v | step on |
| luon | ⁄luon⁄ | n | machine |
| luosep | ⁄luosɛp⁄ | n | vendor |
| luotgi | ⁄luotgi⁄ | adj | cool (slightly cold) |
| maub | ⁄mauʙ̥⁄ | v | visit |
| mauq | ⁄mauq⁄ | v | take out |
| meipeid | ⁄mɛipɛid⁄ | n | thought |
| moiha | ⁄moiha⁄ | n | book |
| moin | ⁄moin⁄ | n | sport |
| moiyig | ⁄moijig⁄ | n | hat |
| noimu | ⁄noimu⁄ | n | boat |
| noisheiq | ⁄noiʃɛiq⁄ | adv | that |
| nual | ⁄nual⁄ | num | hundred |
| nuek | ⁄nuek⁄ | v | balance |
| obua | ⁄oʙ̥ua⁄ | adj | criminal |
| oid | ⁄oid⁄ | v | shoot |
| oin | ⁄oin⁄ | conj | if |
| oin | ⁄oin⁄ | conj | whether |
| oitki | ⁄oitki⁄ | n | fish |
| oknin | ⁄oknin⁄ | conj | while |
| on | ⁄on⁄ | v | test |
| opi | ⁄opi⁄ | adj | poor |
| opi | ⁄opi⁄ | adj | weak |
| owoi | ⁄owoi⁄ | n | bitch |
| pad | ⁄pad⁄ | v | appear |
| pad | ⁄pad⁄ | v | reveal |
| paq | ⁄paq⁄ | n | child |
| pebol | ⁄pɛʙ̥ol⁄ | v | search |
| pebol | ⁄pɛʙ̥ol⁄ | v | look up |
| peknos | ⁄pɛknos⁄ | v | wave (salutation) |
| penauap | ⁄pɛnauap⁄ | n | chemist |
| peplaiuap | ⁄pɛplaiuap⁄ | n | cafe |
| pespei | ⁄pɛspɛi⁄ | n | heaven |
| pespei | ⁄pɛspɛi⁄ | n | paradise |
| pi | ⁄pi⁄ | adv | how |
| pip | ⁄pip⁄ | n | fact |
| plab | ⁄plaʙ̥⁄ | adj | hard |
| plas | ⁄plas⁄ | n | plane |
| plebuokuo | ⁄plɛʙ̥uokuo⁄ | prep | beyond |
| plehei | ⁄plɛhɛi⁄ | n | leather |
| plelkog | ⁄plɛlkog⁄ | adj | good |
| plelkog | ⁄plɛlkog⁄ | adj | hot (attractive) |
| plen | ⁄plɛn⁄ | v | hit |
| plen | ⁄plɛn⁄ | v | punch |
| plen | ⁄plɛn⁄ | v | beat (strike) |
| plen | ⁄plɛn⁄ | v | slap |
| plensuepub | ⁄plɛnsuepuʙ̥⁄ | v | approach |
| pleqeisaip | ⁄plɛqɛisaip⁄ | adj | risky |
| pleqeisaip | ⁄plɛqɛisaip⁄ | adj | dangerous |
| pletwoil | ⁄plɛtwoil⁄ | v | agree |
| pleykem | ⁄plɛjkɛm⁄ | n | reference |
| plik | ⁄plik⁄ | n | pen |
| plis | ⁄plis⁄ | v | cover |
| plis | ⁄plis⁄ | v | protect |
| pospi | ⁄pospi⁄ | v | grab |
| pospi | ⁄pospi⁄ | v | grasp |
| pospi | ⁄pospi⁄ | v | grip |
| qal | ⁄qal⁄ | n | song |
| qash | ⁄qaʃ⁄ | v | show |
| qash | ⁄qaʃ⁄ | v | demonstrate |
| queqeid | ⁄queqɛid⁄ | n | training |
| quoda | ⁄quoda⁄ | v | hurt |
| quoda | ⁄quoda⁄ | v | injure |
| quol | ⁄quol⁄ | n | guest |
| quop | ⁄quop⁄ | n | birth |
| quosoitka | ⁄quosoitka⁄ | adv | recently |
| seb | ⁄sɛʙ̥⁄ | n | detail |
| seq | ⁄sɛq⁄ | adj | round |
| shauk | ⁄shauk⁄ | v | regulate |
| shauz | ⁄shauʒ⁄ | n | cigarette |
| shaibausho | ⁄shaiʙ̥auʃo⁄ | n | difference |
| shaimau | ⁄shaimau⁄ | n | task |
| shaishaimeid | ⁄shaiʃaimɛid⁄ | n | decision |
| shaiyaq | ⁄shaijaq⁄ | adj | silent |
| shebod | ⁄ʃɛʙ̥od⁄ | n | information |
| sheig | ⁄shɛig⁄ | adj | empty |
| sheig | ⁄shɛig⁄ | adj | naked |
| sheig | ⁄shɛig⁄ | adj | nude |
| sheis | ⁄shɛis⁄ | n | size |
| shenei | ⁄ʃɛnɛi⁄ | n | flavor |
| shensai | ⁄ʃɛnsai⁄ | v | affect |
| sheshi | ⁄ʃɛʃi⁄ | n | son |
| sheyak | ⁄ʃɛjak⁄ | v | cough |
| shib | ⁄ʃiʙ̥⁄ | v | meet |
| shin | ⁄ʃin⁄ | adj | right (direction) |
| shoibuanha | ⁄shoiʙ̥uanha⁄ | n | pig |
| shoibuanha | ⁄shoiʙ̥uanha⁄ | n | pork |
| shoilin | ⁄shoilin⁄ | n | fire |
| shoinsi | ⁄shoinsi⁄ | v | see |
| shoinsi | ⁄shoinsi⁄ | v | witness |
| shoinsi | ⁄shoinsi⁄ | v | detect |
| shoinsi | ⁄shoinsi⁄ | v | perceive |
| shoiq | ⁄shoiq⁄ | part | past tense particle |
| shoiwua | ⁄shoiwua⁄ | n | uniform |
| shoiwua | ⁄shoiwua⁄ | n | costume |
| shuag | ⁄shuag⁄ | v | mark |
| shuash | ⁄shuaʃ⁄ | n | slave |
| shuash | ⁄shuaʃ⁄ | n | servant |
| sim | ⁄sim⁄ | adj | late |
| sneid | ⁄snɛid⁄ | n | moon |
| sneiz | ⁄snɛiʒ⁄ | adj | massive |
| sneiz | ⁄snɛiʒ⁄ | adj | immense |
| sneiz | ⁄snɛiʒ⁄ | adj | enormous |
| snoigma | ⁄snoigma⁄ | n | magazine |
| snoima'u | ⁄snoimaʔu⁄ | adj | dead |
| snoipaug | ⁄snoipaug⁄ | v | treat |
| snoisub | ⁄snoisuʙ̥⁄ | n | volume |
| snoisub | ⁄snoisuʙ̥⁄ | n | capacity |
| snoiyuash | ⁄snoijuaʃ⁄ | n | trousers |
| snoiyuash | ⁄snoijuaʃ⁄ | n | pants |
| snuas | ⁄snuas⁄ | n | glove |
| spaiz | ⁄spaiʒ⁄ | n | design |
| spem | ⁄spɛm⁄ | n | jar |
| spib | ⁄spiʙ̥⁄ | det | any |
| spipiknua | ⁄spipiknua⁄ | v | authorize |
| spo eish | ⁄spo ɛiʃ⁄ | n | university |
| spoho | ⁄spoho⁄ | v | escape |
| spoho | ⁄spoho⁄ | v | flee |
| spoho | ⁄spoho⁄ | v | retreat |
| spome | ⁄spomɛ⁄ | n | acid |
| sposh | ⁄spoʃ⁄ | n | corner |
| spowo | ⁄spowo⁄ | n | cake |
| spu | ⁄spu⁄ | adj | tired |
| spun | ⁄spun⁄ | n | mirror |
| staub | ⁄stauʙ̥⁄ | n | mother |
| staun | ⁄staun⁄ | n | basket |
| staib | ⁄staiʙ̥⁄ | prep | during |
| staie | ⁄staiɛ⁄ | v | starve |
| staihue'a | ⁄staihueʔa⁄ | n | cord |
| stain | ⁄stain⁄ | adj | native |
| stainsei | ⁄stainsɛi⁄ | adj | foreign |
| staish | ⁄staiʃ⁄ | adj | clean |
| staitwuotkau | ⁄staitwuotkau⁄ | n | carcass |
| stug | ⁄stug⁄ | n | grass |
| taub | ⁄tauʙ̥⁄ | v | let |
| taub | ⁄tauʙ̥⁄ | v | allow |
| taub | ⁄tauʙ̥⁄ | v | permit |
| taub | ⁄tauʙ̥⁄ | v | enable |
| taub | ⁄tauʙ̥⁄ | v | approve |
| tai snuag | ⁄tai snuag⁄ | n | menu |
| taigai | ⁄taigai⁄ | n | direction |
| taimau | ⁄taimau⁄ | n | guy |
| taipuensuo | ⁄taipuensuo⁄ | v | miss (long for) |
| taiweieid | ⁄taiwɛiɛid⁄ | n | response |
| tohoi | ⁄tohoi⁄ | n | station |
| tonlaiq | ⁄tonlaiq⁄ | det | these |
| tosh | ⁄toʃ⁄ | det | their |
| toykuoloid | ⁄tojkuoloid⁄ | n | chicken |
| toykuoloid | ⁄tojkuoloid⁄ | n | fowl |
| tsiq | ⁄tsiq⁄ | n | crack |
| tsob | ⁄tsoʙ̥⁄ | n | heart |
| tsoguespe | ⁄tsoguespɛ⁄ | v | polish |
| tsoloik yaitge | ⁄tsoloik jaitgɛ⁄ | n | peninsula |
| tsopoiz | ⁄tsopoiʒ⁄ | v | swallow |
| tsowi | ⁄tsowi⁄ | n | liver |
| tsuk | ⁄tsuk⁄ | adj | pink |
| tue | ⁄tuɛ⁄ | n | mansion |
| u | ⁄u⁄ | conj | but |
| up | ⁄up⁄ | n | cotton |
| weid | ⁄wɛid⁄ | n | metal |
| woig | ⁄woig⁄ | n | period |
| woikuetwaip | ⁄woikuetwaip⁄ | v | freeze |
| woimuoda | ⁄woimuoda⁄ | adj | light blue |
| woipeg | ⁄woipɛg⁄ | n | verse |
| woispau | ⁄woispau⁄ | v | suggest |
| woizos | ⁄woiʒos⁄ | n | city |
| woizos | ⁄woiʒos⁄ | n | metropolis |
| wuam | ⁄wuam⁄ | v | wiggle |
| yaug | ⁄jaug⁄ | n | trunk (of tree) |
| yaug | ⁄jaug⁄ | n | stem |
| yai'ai | ⁄jaiʔai⁄ | adj | last |
| yai'ai | ⁄jaiʔai⁄ | adj | previous |
| yai'ai | ⁄jaiʔai⁄ | adj | former |
| yaidau | ⁄jaidau⁄ | adj | buxom |
| yaim | ⁄jaim⁄ | n | town |
| yaim | ⁄jaim⁄ | n | population |
| yaim | ⁄jaim⁄ | n | village |
| yaipu | ⁄jaipu⁄ | n | horn |
| yaiwau | ⁄jaiwau⁄ | adv | somehow |
| yeim | ⁄jɛim⁄ | v | take |
| zam | ⁄ʒam⁄ | v | cry |
| zam | ⁄ʒam⁄ | v | shout |
| zam | ⁄ʒam⁄ | v | sob |
| zam | ⁄ʒam⁄ | v | mourn |
| zuob | ⁄ʒuoʙ̥⁄ | v | send |
| zuogmau tu | ⁄ʒuogmau tu⁄ | n | pub |
| zuom | ⁄ʒuom⁄ | adj | direct |
| zuoploknua | ⁄ʒuoploknua⁄ | v | assassinate |
| zuotwib | ⁄ʒuotwiʙ̥⁄ | prep | into |